1、专题七：情态动词与虚拟语气专题七：情态动词与虚拟语气 1. Hows your new babysitter? We _ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much. (2011浙江卷) A. should B. might C. mustnt D. couldnt 【答案及解析答案及解析】1. D考查情态动词的用法。句意为“你的新保姆怎么样？”“找不到更好的了。我们的孩子们都很喜欢她。”should应该；might可能，可以；mustnt禁止；couldnt不可能。 2. Had I known about this computer
2、 program, a huge amount of time and energy _.(2010浙江卷) A. would have been saved B. had been saved C. will be saved D. was saved 【答案及解析答案及解析】2. A考查虚拟语气。根据句子的倒装特征判断此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，原形是：If I had known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _. 句意为：如果我早知道这个电脑程序，就可以节省大量的时间和精力了。 3. “You
3、 _ have a wrong number，” she said. “Theres no one of that name here.”(2010浙江卷) A. need B. can C. must D. would【答案及解析答案及解析】3. C考查情态动词。情态动词如果表示非常肯定的推测要用must。句意为：“你肯定打错电话了，”她说，“我们这里没有一个叫那个名字的人。” 4. The doctor recommended that you _ swim after eating a large meal.(2009浙江卷) A. wouldnt B. couldnt C. needn
4、t D. shouldnt【答案及解析答案及解析】4. D考查虚拟语气。根据句子中的recommended(推荐)可知，从句应用“should 动词原形” 表示虚拟，且此句为否定句。1. 情态动词不能独立作谓语，其后接动词原形。2. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化。3. 情态动词一般没有时态的变化。4. 情态动词接动词原形表描述现在或将来发生的动作或状态(modal verb be / do, modal verb be doing)，情态动词接动词不定式的完成式表描述过去发生的动作或状态(modal verb have done)。 情态动词的基本用法 情态动词情态动词1准确把握情态动词表允许、
5、推测、判断等用法。2准确把握情态动词在虚拟语气句子结构中的使用。3wish，as if/though，if only，would rather从句，Its time从句等句型中的虚拟语气。4表示“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的词语后及各类从句中的虚拟语气。5虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的倒装。2012年高考将重点考查情态动词表“推测和可能性、必要性、请求、允许、允诺”，非真实条件虚拟语气和名词性从句的虚拟语气的运用。 1. can, could(1)表能力(be able to)。注意区别？(2)表许可may。请求允许时，用can或may,在给予别人许可时，常用can，但有时也用may。不能用migh
6、t。May I play basketball this afternoon?No，you may/can not.(3)表客气的请求，could比can更委婉。(4)表推测，仅用于否定句和问句。肯定句中用什么？How could you do such a silly thing?Whose hand could it be? (5)(表示可能、许可)能够；常考情态动词的用法情态动词情态动词(6)cant / couldnt v. too adj. / adv. cant/couldnt+v.+adj./adv+enough 再怎么也不过分You cant be too careful wh
7、ile driving .cant / couldnt but do. Cant help but do 只好，不得不,不能不 cant help doing禁不住做2. may, might(1)表允许，许可can如：You may go home now, Susan. 常考情态动词的用法情态动词情态动词(2)表可能性，may比might可能性更大。(3)may / might as well v. 最好，满可以，倒不如You may as well wait till Tuesday and go on a fast train.(4)表祝愿，祈求。May you succeed！ (5
8、)(用于让步状语从句中)即使；无论。Whatever he may say，I dont believe him. 常考情态动词的用法情态动词情态动词注 意 ： m a y 作 “ 可 以 ” 讲 时 ， 其 否 定 式 常 用“mustnt”表示“禁止”；must作“必须”讲时，其否定式是“neednt”，表示“不必”。May I use your car?No，you mustnt.(委婉的拒绝可用：Sorry，but I am using it now.或Youd better not.等)Must I work out the problem tonight?No，you neednt
9、.3. must(1)(表示义务、必要性、命令)必须，得，要。You must do as you are told. 你必须按照吩咐去做。(2)表强烈的劝告。(3)表把握性很大的推测。(4)must not表禁止，不允许。表示禁止(用于否定句)You must not speak ill of others.Cars mustnt be parked here. 常考情态动词的用法情态动词情态动词(5)must的一般疑问句的否定回答用neednt或dont have to。(6)(表固执，不满等)偏偏，硬要，偏要表示与说话人愿望相反及不耐烦。Our threeyearold boy must
10、 do the opposite to what we ordered. Must you make so much noise?(7)(表必然性)必定。Everyone must die. 每个人都必定会死。常考情态动词的用法情态动词情态动词4. shall(1)用于第一、三人称表征求意见，请求指示。Shall I get some chalk?Shall she go to the concert with us this evening?He has come. Shall he wait outside or come in?(2)用于第二、三人称， 表示说话人的命令、强制、允诺、威胁
11、或决心等， 多见于法律条文等文件中。Dont worry. You shall get the answer this very afternoon. (允诺) He shall be sorry one day. I tell you. (警告)Every driver shall be punished if he drives after drinking.常考情态动词的用法情态动词情态动词5. should(1). should 作为情态动词，通常用来表示现在或将来的责任或义务，译作“应该”、“应当”，这时它可以和 ought to， be supposed to 互换使用。You s
12、hould （= are supposed to ） complete your test in time. You should （= ought to ） tell your mother about it at once. In sum， theory should be combined with practice (2)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然；居然。Its a pity that he should resign. 常考情态动词的用法（4）表示可能性、推测、推论或期待)可能,该 表示对现在情况、将来情况的推测。 They should be home by now. The book
13、you need should be in our library. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at any moment. When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon. They _ be ready by 12:00. A. may B. can C. should D. would常考情态动词的用法 6. will /would(1)表请求，would用疑问句多与you连用比will更委婉，客气。Would you please tell me
14、 the way to Hongxing School?(2)表习惯性或反复性的动作，will指现在，would指过去的习惯指过去的习惯used to。On Sundays he would get up early and go fishing.(3)表意愿或固执坚持，事情作主语表固有的性质 I told him to come,but he wouldnt come. The door wont open.（表特定情况下事物的倾向性） 7. used to ,need, dare 的用法 used to do sth 过去常常做某事(意思现在不做了) I used to get up ea
15、rly and take an hours walk before breakfast. 我过去常常起床很早并且在早餐前散步一小时。Dare 敢Dare she tell him what she thinks about him?She darent say anything.She doesnt dare to say anything.Need 需要He needs to see a doctor. She needs a good rest.I dont need to see a doctor./ Do you need to go now？Need I lock the door
16、when I leave? He Who is knocking at the door? It _ be Tom.He said he would come at this time. It _ be him. He has gone abroad. It _ be John, but I am not sure. Who _ it be? Got it ? It is Mary.mustmaycan cant肯定句： must, may 否定句,疑问句：cant , couldnt, may not1. 情态动词表推测：对肯定,把握性很大情况的推测： must be /do(现在或将来)
17、must be doing(说话时正在进行) must have done. (已发生的或状态)对否定情况的推测：can /could not be /do(现在或将来)cant /couldnt be doing(正在发生的动作)can /could not have done. (过去的动作或状态)情态动词的特殊用法 对不太肯定,把握性不大情况的推测： may （not） be/do(现在或将来)may （not） be doing(说话时正在发生动作)may （not） have pp. (已发生的动作或状态)might （not） be/do(现在或将来)might （not） be
18、doing(说话时正在发生动作)might （not） have pp. (已发生的动作或状态)情态动词的特殊用法2. 情态动词的完成式：(1) could have done 本来能够做而实际上未做(2) might have done 本来可以做而实际上未做(3) should / ought to have done 本来应该做而实际上未做(4) ought not to have done /shouldnt have done 本来不应该做而实际上做了 (5) neednt have done 本来不必要做而实际上做了情态动词的特殊用法情态动词情态动词if 虚拟条件句的形式 虚拟语气
19、虚拟语气if 虚拟条件句的形式 虚拟语气虚拟语气注意：有时条件从句中的动作和主句中的动作发生的时间不一致(表示错综时间的虚拟语气)，这时动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如： If you had_listened_to the doctor, you would_be_all right now. 如果你当初听了医生的话，身体现在就好了。(从句动作指过去，主句动作指现在) 1. 省略连词if，将were, had或should提至主语前。如： Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做这事。2. 用介词短语代替条件状语
20、从句。如： Without_air,_there would be no living things. 如果没有空气的话，就不会有生物了。But_for_your_help，I couldnt have done it. 要是没有你的帮助，我就不可能完成这件事。if 虚拟条件句的转化 虚拟语气虚拟语气3. 假设的情况有时可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如：I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. 我那天很忙，否则，我就和他们一起去那儿了。(如果我那天不忙的话，我就)I would_have_finish
21、ed the work, but I have been ill. 我本来该完成这项工作的，但我生病了。(如果我没生病的话，我就会完成)if 虚拟条件句的转化虚拟语气虚拟语气4. 省去条件从句成主句。如：You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自己洗衣服的。If my grandmother were with me!如果我的祖母与我在一起多好啊！if 虚拟条件句的转化虚拟语气虚拟语气 1. can可以作“有时候会”解，意思是平时或大部分时间不是这样子，只是偶尔发生的事情。如： The climates of East China ca
22、n_be pretty cold in winter. 华东地区冬天的气候有时会相当冷。 2. 在“It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that”这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中的谓语动词常用 “should动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”、“奇怪”、“自然”、“必要”等意义。如： It is important that every member (should)_inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每个成员知道这些规则。 5. 在动词wish后的宾语从句中： (1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过
23、去式或过去进行式(be动词一般用were)。如： I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道) (2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词常用“had过去分词”。如： I wish (wished) I hadnt_spent so much money. 我后悔不该花那么多钱。 (3)表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would动词原形”。如： I wish it would_stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。 6. 在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，
24、request，desire等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用“should 动词原形”，表示建议、要求、命令等。如： I demand that he (should)_answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答复我。 7. 在“It is time (that)”句型中，定语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气表示将来，动词形式一般用过去式，意思是“是该干某事的时候了”。如： Its (high) time we did our homework. 是我们该做作业的时候了。 8. if only 要是就好了。相当于I wish(与wish 后的虚拟语气类似)，如： If only you hadnt_told him the news.
