1、 General Operative SurgeryClassification of surgery（1）based on the condition emergency benign tumour 2.limited operation 3.emergency operation rupture of spleen trauma（3） based on the lesion properties and difficulty 1.one-stage operation 2.two-stage operation3.Multi period operation ASEPSISASEPSIST
2、he OriginHippocrates (460-377 BC)The Oath of Medicinewounds must be cleaned wounds must be cleaned with wine, boiled water with wine, boiled water or clean rain water or clean rain water (1881)GermanHot steam Beginning of sterilization (18521922)The first surgeon professor in Johns HopkinsGlovesThe
3、father of American Surgery BASIC CONCEPTION nHeatHeatnFiltrationFiltrationnRadiationRadiationdownward displacementdownward displacementpre-vacuum autoclavepre-vacuum autoclaveMilkMilkBeerBeer6363Sterilizing potency: Moist heat Dry heatRemoves bacteria and fungiRemoves bacteria and fungiFrom air and
4、solutionsFrom air and solutionsThey can not remove They can not remove viruses and smaller bacteria viruses and smaller bacteriaUltraviolet (limitation: direct exposure)Ultraviolet (limitation: direct exposure)LonizingLonizing radiation (microwave or gamma radiation (microwave or gamma rays)rays)Che
5、mical Methods：HighKilling all microbes including endospores and TBglutaric dialdehydeformaldehyde peroxyacetic acidepoxy ethaneMediumKilling all non-spore microbes including TBalcoholchlorinesiodophorsLow Killing vegetative bacteria and lipophilic viruses, but resisted by endospores, TB and hydrophi
6、lic (non-enveloped) viruseschlorhexidinebromogeraminePrinciple of Aseptic TechniquePrinciple of Aseptic TechniquePrinciple of Aseptic Technique-1Principle of Aseptic Technique-11. The surroundings should be clean, roomy.The surroundingsThe operating-table30 minutes, stop cleaning and minimize moving
7、Principle of Aseptic Technique-2Principle of Aseptic Technique-22. The hospital personnels appearance should conform to the standard.cap and masktrim fingernails wash handsPrinciple of Aseptic Technique-3Principle of Aseptic Technique-33. Knowing the basic concept.Aseptic area Non-aseptic area Asept
8、ic supplyPrinciple of Aseptic Technique-4Principle of Aseptic Technique-44. The articles should be placed orderly and labeled clearly. Keep aseptic articles in sterile containers or sterile packages the label on the package only used oncePrinciple of Aseptic Technique-5Principle of Aseptic Technique-55. Sense of aseptic in the procedure. Keep away from the aseptic face to the aseptic area Do not reach across sterile field Keep the non-aseptic articles far away Avoid talking, coughing and sneezing No doubtAny surgical procedure needCONCLUSION
