1、专题二语法填空1.命题形式语法填空是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,考查考生在理解文章大意的基础上,对语境中的词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确使用能力,涵盖了词汇、语法规则、构词知识、逻辑理解等层面,其中包括结合上下文直接填写1个单词和用所给单词的正确形式填写两种形式。分析20162019年的高考语法填空试题我们可以看出语法填空题的设空规律。20162019年高考全国卷语法填空考情一览表 2.命题规律(1)无提示词从上表我们可以看出,无提示词填空一般考查助动词、情态动词、冠词、介词、副词、代词、连词或从句的连接词。(2)有提示词有提示词填空主要考查词性转换、时态及语态和非谓语动词形式。Pa
2、ssage 1(2019全国1,15分,难度)The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88,there is evidence 61. they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global popu
3、lation of polar bears as much of the range has been 62.(poor) studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 63. tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 64. (perform) consistently ove
4、r a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65.(report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 66.(believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 67.(note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to
5、the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68.(high) than they actually are.Of 69. nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 70. (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于居住范围广,监测费用高等因素,北极熊的数量难以准确估算,生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。61.答案that解析考查连接词。该空前后均为句子
6、,且空格后面的句子是对空格前面的名词evidence的内容的解释说明,由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词,表示陈述语气,故填that。62.答案poorly解析考查副词。该空前后部分均为谓语成分has been studied,用副词修饰谓语部分,故填poorly。63.答案of/for解析考查介词。该空前面为名词methods,后面为动词-ing形式tracking,故应填介词。用of表示所属关系,也可填介词for。64.答案to perform解析考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词are,故应填动词的非谓语形式。根据“be+adj.+to do”结构可知,应填to perform。65
7、.答案have reported解析考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语为in recent years,是现在完成时的标志。根据语境,主语Inuit people与report之间为主动关系,且people为复数形式,故填have reported。66.答案belief解析考查名词。该空前面有冠词a,应填名词,故填belief。67.答案noting解析考查非谓语动词。该空前面为介词by,应填动词-ing形式,且scientists与note之间为逻辑上的主动关系,故填noting。68.答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。该空后面有than,应填形容词的比较级形式,故填higher。69.
8、答案the解析考查冠词。该空后面为名词短语,根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围,故填the。70.答案are解析考查主谓一致。根据并列谓语动词时态和语态一致原则,此处采用一般现在时和主动语态。故填are。Passage 2(2019全国2,15分,难度)A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 61.(be) Britains oldest full-time employeestill working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm da
9、ily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,62. she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 63.(final) been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene 64.(declare) she had no plans 65.(retire
10、) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said,“I dont see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 66.(make) over the years.I work not because I have to,67. because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31who works alongside her in the family businesssaid
11、 it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said,“We dont have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 68.(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was 69. joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.Its 70.(wonder).” 【语篇导读】本文是
12、一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位90岁的英国女士仍然坚持工作,被评为“年度女性”的事迹。61.答案being解析考查非谓语动词。for是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。62.答案which解析考查定语从句。先行词是the pet shop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做宾语,所以填which。63.答案finally解析考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词在句中做状语,所以用副词形式。64.答案declared解析考查时态。根据下文的“she had no plans”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以用一般过去时。65.答案to retire解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,plan
13、s后接动词不定式做定语。66.答案have made解析考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,句子应用现在完成时。67.答案but解析考查连词。分析句子结构可知,此处是“not.but.”结构,意为“不是而是”。68.答案saying解析考查非谓语动词。call和say有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式来解释call的内容。69.答案a解析考查冠词。joke是单数可数名词,此处是泛指,所以填a。70.答案wonderful解析考查形容词。所填的词在句中做表语,所以用形容词形式。Passage 3(2019全国3,15分,难度)On our way to th
14、e house,it was raining 61. hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take 62.(get) there.It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 63. dogs,seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters 64. had great experience with caring for these
15、animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 65.(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 6
16、6.(compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many 67.(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 68.(huge)popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay,we 69.(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,70.(
17、listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“我们”在Pearl City逗留期间的所见所闻。61.答案so解析考查副词。so.that.为固定搭配,意为“如此以至于”。62.答案to get解析考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式短语表示目的。63.答案of解析考查介词。a pack of为固定短语,意为“一群”。64.答案who解析考查定语从句。先行词masters指人,并且引导词在从句中做主语。因此用关系代词who。65.答案recommended解析考查动词的时态。此句为and连接的并列句,前后
18、时态一致,故用一般过去时态。66.答案competition解析考查名词。所填的词由冠词an修饰,故用compete的名词形式。 67.答案traditional解析考查形容词。空格后为名词stories,应用形容词来修饰。68.答案hugely解析考查副词。所填的词修饰形容词popular,故用副词形式。69.答案were invited解析考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语为On the last day of our week-long stay,又因为主语we与所给动词invite之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动形式。70.答案listening解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可
19、知,此处做伴随状语;另外,所填的词与下文的meeting为并列关系,故用动词-ing形式。Passage 4(2019浙江,15分,难度)There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all,uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody 56.(hav
20、e) to worry about fashion(时尚).Everybody wears 57. same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth 58.gives off light in the dark.When the children are walking or 59.(cycl
21、e) to school on dark mornings,car drivers can 60.(easy) see them. But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 61. this question is not clear.One study in America found that students grades 62.(improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some students didnt want 63.(wear)
22、 the uniform.Other American studies showed no 64.(connect) between uniforms and school performance. School uniforms are 65.(tradition) in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools dont have a uniform policy.However,uniforms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 p
23、ercent of British secondary schools wear uniforms. 【语篇导读】对于学生应不应该穿校服上学,一直以来都是个有争议的问题。研究表明,穿校服上学有一定的益处,在学校中仍占主流。56.答案has/will have解析考查时态。由于本文讲述校服的情况,所以可以用一般现在时,由于句子主语是nobody,故用第三人称单数has。此外when引导的从句用一般现在时态时,其主句常用一般将来时,故该空也可用will have。57.答案the解析考查冠词。same通常与the连用,意为“同样的,相同的”。58.答案that/which解析考查定语从句引导词。由
24、于先行词为a piece of cloth,从句缺少主语,所以填that/which。59.答案cycling解析考查非谓语动词。根据句中的or为并列连词可知,其前后的形式应保持一致,根据or前的walking可知,此处填cycling。60.答案easily解析考查副词。修饰动词see应用easy的副词形式easily。61.答案to解析考查介词。表示“的答案”时,answer后的介词必须用to。62.答案improved解析考查时态和语态。根据空前的found可知,此处应用一般过去时,另外,improve用主动语态表示“某事有了提高”,故用improved。63.答案to wear解析考查
25、非谓语动词。want to do sth.意为“想要做某事”。64.答案connection/connections解析考查名词。根据空前的no和空后的between uniforms and school performance可知,此处应用connect的名词形式。因为no后可接名词的单数形式,也可以接名词的复数形式,故答案为connection/connections。65.答案traditional解析考查形容词。根据空前的系动词are,可知此处用tradition的形容词形式。Passage 5(2018全国1,15分,难度)According to a review of evid
26、ence in a medical journal,runners live three years 61. (long) than non-runners.You dont have to run fast or for long 62. (see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63. (die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever,the review says it
27、64. (be) more effective at lengthening life 65. walking,cycling or swimming.Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66. showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67. (cause).The best exercise is one that
28、 you enjoy and will do.But otherwise.its probably running.To avoid knee pain,you can run on soft surfaces,do exercises to 68. (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes.Running is cheap,easy and its always 69. (energy).If you are time poor,you need run for only half the t
29、ime to get the same benefits as other sports,so perhaps we should all give 70. a try.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。根据一份对医学期刊上证据的回顾,跑步者比不跑步者可多活三年。你可以通过跑步来降低早亡的风险。61.答案longer解析考查比较等级。根据后面的than可知,所填的词要用比较级。62.答案to see解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词做目的状语,所以用动词不定式。63.答案dying解析考查非谓语动词。of是介词,后接动词时要用-ing形式。64.答案is解析考查时态和主谓一致。句子的主
30、语是it,时态是一般现在时,所以填is。65.答案than解析考查连词。根据前面的more effective可知,句子是比较结构,所以填than。66.答案that/which解析考查定语从句。先行词是a study,关系词在定语从句中做主语,所以填that/which。67.答案causes解析考查名词复数。cause是可数名词,根据前面的修饰语all可知,该名词要用复数形式。68.答案strengthen解析考查非谓语动词。空格前的to是动词不定式的符号,所以此处用动词原形。69.答案energetic解析考查形容词。根据前面的is可知,所填的词要用形容词形式。70.答案it/runni
31、ng解析考查代词。根据句意可知,所填的词代替上文提到的running,所以用it。也可以直接填running。Passage 6(2018全国2,15分,难度)Diets have changed in Chinaand so too has its top crop.Since 2011,the country 61. (grow) more corn than rice.Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62. past 25 years,while rice has increased only 7 percent. A
32、 taste for meat is 63.(actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle.Another reason for corns rise:The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64.(improve) water quality.Corn uses less water 65. rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥
33、) runoff.This switch has decreased 66.(pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67.(globe) fertilizer consumption.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005w
34、hen the government 68.(start) a soil-testing program 69. gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission(排放)of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.Chinas approach to protecting its environment while 70. (feed) its ci
35、tizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,”says the banks Juergen Voegele. 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的农作物玉米的产量逐年增加的原因。种植玉米,不仅可以喂养牲畜,而且因为其生长过程浇水施肥较少,还可以减少对环境的污染,进而保护环境。61.答案has grown解析考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“Since 2011”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且该句的主语是“the country”,故谓语动词用单数形式。62.答案t
36、he解析考查冠词。根据句意可知,此处特指“过去的25年”,故应用定冠词the表示特指。63.答案actually解析考查副词。根据后文的介词短语“behind the change”可知,此处应用actual的副词形式,故填actually。64.答案to improve解析考查非谓语动词。句意:政府鼓励农民种植玉米而非稻米,目的是提高水质。此处是不定式做目的状语,故填to improve。65.答案than解析考查形容词的比较级。根据前面的less可知,此处是形容词的比较级,故缺少连接词than。66.答案pollution解析考查名词。根据空前的“decreased”可知,空处应该是名词做
37、宾语,意思是“减少污染”,故填pollution。67.答案global解析考查形容词。此处fertilizer consumption是名词词组,其前面需要用形容词修饰,故填globe的形容词形式。68.答案started解析考查动词的时态。根据句中的时间状语“between 2005”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,故用一般过去时。69.答案that/which解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中做主语,修饰先行词a soil-testing program,故填that或which。70.答案feeding解析考查特殊句式。while doing sth.“
38、当做某事的时候”,它是while sb. is/was doing sth.的省略形式,故此处应填feeding。Passage 7(2018全国3,15分,难度)Im not sure 61. is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere.Im walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic.Unexpectedly,Im face-to-face with the gorilla,who
39、 begins screaming at 62. top of her lungs.That makes her baby scream,and then a 400-pound male appears.He screams the 63. (loud) of all.The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me.I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid 64. (look) directly into his eyes so he
40、 doesnt feel 65. (challenge).My name is Mireya Mayor.Im a 66. (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.I was searching 67. these three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.No one had seen them for hours,and my colleagues and I were worried.When the gorillas and I frightened each
41、other,I was just glad to find68. (they) alive.True to a gorillas unaggressive nature,the huge animal69. (mean) me no real harm.He was just saying:“Im king of this forest,and here is your reminder!”Once his message was delivered,he allowed me70. (stay) and watch.【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。作者讲述了自己作为研究灵长类动物的科学家,在中非密
42、林中偶遇大猩猩的一次经历。61.答案who解析考查名词性从句。Im not sure后面接宾语从句,所以用who指“我”不确定“我”和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点。62.答案the解析考查冠词。at the top of为固定短语,意思是“在顶端”。 63.答案loudest解析考查副词最高级。the和of all都提示要用最高级。 64.答案looking解析考查非谓语动词。avoid后面要接动词-ing形式做宾语,所以用looking。65.答案challenged解析考查非谓语动词。feel为系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,challenged “受到挑战的”。66.答案scientist解析
43、考查名词。前面有冠词a,所以此处需要用名词,且为单数形式。67.答案for解析考查介词。search for“搜索,寻找”。 68.答案them解析考查人称代词。动词find后面加宾语,所以需要用they的宾格形式。69.答案meant解析考查动词时态。前后句提示这里需要用过去时态,mean的过去式为meant。70.答案to stay解析考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。 Passage 8(2018浙江,15分,难度)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making
44、Chinese 56. (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.Many westerners 57. come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58. can be to eat out.I still remember 59. (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I 60. (shock) when I learnt she hadnt cooked on
45、ce in all that time.While regularly eating out seems to 61. (become) common for many young people in recent years,its not without a cost.The obvious one is money;eating out once or twice a week may be 62. (afford) but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even 63. (high) cost on your health
46、.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64. (weigh) problems.If you are not going to suffer this problem,then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home 65. dinner,get a few cooking tips from her.Cooking food
47、can be fun.You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。现在几乎很少有人有欲望或有时间做饭,作者建议:在家里自己做饭,这样不仅可以节省开支,而且还吃得健康。56.答案dishes解析考查名词。根据空前的“Making Chinese”可知,其后应该接名词的复数形式,故dish需要用其复数形式dishes。57.答案who/that解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,且在从句中做主语,修饰先行词“Many wes
48、terners”,指代人,故填who或that。58.答案it解析考查代词。分析句子结构可知,此处it做形式主语,而真正的主语是to eat out。59.答案visiting解析考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处意为“我仍然记得曾经拜访过一个朋友”。remember doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“记得已经做过某事”,故填visiting。60.答案was shocked解析考查动词的时态和语态。根据句意可知,“我”的朋友在这居住了五年,竟然一次饭也没自己做过,“我”被震惊到了,因此,空处用被动语态,又因为此处叙述的是过去的事情,故用一般过去时的被动语态。61.答案have becom
49、e解析考查动词的时态。根据该句中的时间状语“in recent years”可知,此处应用现在完成时,且位于“seems to”的后面,故填have become。62.答案affordable解析考查形容词。该句中be是连系动词,后面要接形容词做表语。afford的形容词形式是affordable。63.答案higher解析考查形容词的比较级。根据前面的even可知,所填的词要用比较级。high的比较级是higher,故填higher。64.答案weight解析考查名词。空前的in为介词,后面应该用名词形式,此处名词短语weight problems意为“体重问题”。故填weight。65.
50、答案for解析考查介词。for dinner为固定搭配,句意为“下次去妈妈家吃饭的时候,记得向她学习一些烹饪技巧”。故填for。Passage 9(2018浙江11月,15分,难度)The Caffeine CatchCaffeine, a chemical typically found in coffee, has caused a lot of concern because it is one of the few drugs that show up regularly in our food supply.You probably 56.(use) caffeine since c
