1、Section 4In this section, you will:vfirst review the type of writing: exposition vlearn about a writing skill: comparison and contrast vread Text B in Unit 3 and discuss its writing strategyvlearn to use comparison and contrast in essay writing Teaching ProceduresI. Introduction (1period) * Expositi
2、on * Comparison and ContrastII. Professional Reading (0.5 period) * Text B American Family Life : The Changing PictureIII. Essay Writing (0.5 period) * Title: Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life Comparison and ContrastlDefinitionslPurposeslPatterns lTransitionslPracticePlease look at the following
3、 two pictures. What have you seen?If you are figuring out the similarities, you are making a comparison of these two pictures.If you are figuring out the differences, you are making a contrast of these two pictures.Whats comparison? The process of examining two or more things in order to establish t
4、heir similarities. They are both round fruits. Both can be made into healthy juice. Both grow on trees. You have to peel both of them.apples and orangesWhats comparison? The process of examining two or more things in order to establish their differences.Contrastapplesorangesred or green in color smo
5、oth skingrow best in cool climateorange in colorrough skingrow best in warm climatePurposeslTo explain something which is unfamiliar to the reader. lTo show the superiority of one thing over another.lTo understand two or more things more clearly and make judgments about them.Two Patterns of Developm
6、entlSubject by Subject (block/one side at a time) 整体分析整体分析lPoint by Point (alternating) 逐点分析逐点分析 Subject-by-Subject PatternDiagramSample OutlineI. Introduction Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school.II. College A. Self-directed study B. Campus environment
7、 C. Heavy course loadIII. High school A. More in-class time for study B. Fewer distractions at home C. Lighter course loadIV. Conclusion DiagramPoint-by-Point PatternSample OutlineI. Introduction Thesis: College requires students to study differently than they did in high school.II. Support for stud
8、y A. College B. High schoolIII. Study environment A. College B. High schoolIV. Word load A. College B. High schoolV. ConclusionWhich Pattern to Choose lsubject-by-subject pattern: 整体比较整体比较 a. In short essays b. A few aspects are considered. c. The writers interest is in the whole.lpoint-by-point pat
9、tern：逐点比较逐点比较 a. In long essays b. Many aspects are mentioned. c. Release the burden on readers memory.Common words and phrases of comparisonLikethe same assimilarlyin the same mannerin commonin comparison withresemblecompare withcompared withExamplesExpressionsExamplesand tooHigh level positions ar
10、e stressful，and can be harmful to your health too.Just asJust as high level positions are stressful，they can be harmful to your health.similarlyHigh level positions are stressful at times; similarly, they can be harmful to stressful at times.similar toSimilar to other important professions，high leve
11、l business positions are stressful at timeslikeLike many cities in Germany，it had to recreate itself after World War IIin comparison withIs human heart weaker in comparison with the other organs?likewiseThis weapon could only be used against citiesLikewise the atom bombin the same wayThere is no rea
12、son why a gifted aircraft designer should also be a capable pilot. In the same waya brilliant pilot can be a menace behind the wheel of a car.Sentence Patterns The similarity between A and B lies in A is similar to B in A has something/many features in common with B A is the same as B A and B share
13、similar Common words and phrases of contrastunlikeon the other handin contrast toon the contrarybut，yet，althoughhowever ，neverthelesswhereas，whileconverselyin spite ofdiffer from，be different fromExpressionsExamplesbutHigh level positions are stressful at times，but professionals can learn to manage
14、their stress levels.althoughAlthough high level positions are stressful at times，professionals can learn to manage their stress levelshoweverHigh level positions are stressful at times; However, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.neverthelessHigh level positions are stressful at t
15、ime; nevertheless, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.in spite ofIn spite of the stressful nature of high level positions, professionals can learn to manage their stress levels.whileWhile high level positions are stressful at times, the financial rewards make these positions very
16、desirable indeed.In contrastHigh level positions are stressful at times; in contrast, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.on the other handHigh level positions are stressful at times; on the other hand, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.unl
17、ikeUnlike the undesirable stress of high level positions, the financial rewards make these positions very desirable indeed.ExamplesSentence Patterns The obvious differences between A and B are The difference between A and B lies in A differs from B in Compared with A，B has some/many/more advantages.
18、 A has nothing/little in common with B (1) Though the governments of Great Britain and the United States are quite different, they share basic similarities in some aspects. (2) First, the British Parliament is made up of two separate houses - the British House of Commons, and the British House of Lo
19、rds. (3) Likewise, the U. S. Congress has two divisions - the House of Representatives and the Senate. (4) Next, the essential function of the British Parliament is to make laws; a bill has to be presented to both houses for debate to get passed before it can become a law. (5) In the United States,
20、the House of Representatives and the Senate play similar functions. (6) Third, the Prime Minister in Great Britain appoints the members of the cabinet, who serve as advisors and make government policies. (7) In the same manner, the U. S. President appoints his cabinet, which is composed of heads of
21、the governmental departments. (8) Finally, the British monarch (queen or king) has the right to veto any law. (9) The U. S. President can also refuse to sign any bill passed by the Congress.Which sentence is the topic sentence? And what is the controlling idea?What are the main ideas of the compared
22、 points?the form of the governmentthe law making functionthe appointment of the cabinetthe veto rightWhat pattern does this paragraph employ?Please underline the signal words for comparisonpoint-by-pointProfessional Reading Text B, Unit 1 American Family Life : The Changing Picture Donna BarronText
23、Studyo Organizationo Introductiono Bodyo Transitionso ConclusionOrganizationoAs shown by the outline below, the organization of the text resembles the traditional one-three-one model. Fill in the missing paragraph numbers. I. Introduction: Paragraphs _ II. Body: Paragraphs _ Supporting Point 1: Para
24、graphs _ Supporting Point 2: Paragraphs _ Supporting Point 3: Paragraphs _ III. Conclusion: Paragraphs _Introductiono What is the main idea of the introductory part? o What method best describe the introductory paragraphs to the essay? a. General to narrow b. Questions c. An opposite situation d. An
25、ecdoteBodyoAccording to the author, what are the three changes of American family life? And what are the effects of those changes respectively? oIt is obvious that the author presented her evidence by contrast? Whats the pattern, subject by subject or point by point? Explain your answer. Change Effe
26、cts123Transitionso Can you find the following contrast signals used in the essay? (write the para. number after the signal) 1. first ( ), second( ), finally ( ) 2. a generation ago( ); thirty years ago( ); today ( ) 3. but ( )Conclusiono What is the main idea of the concluding part? o With which com
27、mon method of conclusion does the essay end? a. A summary and final thought b. Thought-provoking questions c. A prediction or recommendation Writing Practice Writing Task Steps to Writing Model Paper AssignmentWriting Task Essay writing Title: Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life (see Page 30) Writ
28、ing Strategy Comparison and ContrastSteps to Writing Brainstorming Group Discussion (see Page 30) Drafting Outline Recent Changes of Chinese Family LifeAspectsThe Past TimeTodayClothingDiningHousingTransportWorkEntertainmentForcesWays of ImprovementT.S.:_Subject A: _ Sub-topic 1: _ Sub-topic 2: _ Su
29、b-topic 3: _Subject B:_ Sub-topic 1: _ Sub-topic 2: _ Sub-topic 3: _Conclusion: _T.S.:_Point 1: _ Subject A: _ Subject B: _Point 2: _ Subject A: _ Subject B: _Point 3: _ Subject A: _ Subject B: _Conclusion: _Assignment Based on the outline youve worked out, write an essay entitled “ Recent Changes in Chinese Family Life” about 200 words after class. It is due on xxx.AssessmentnPeer ChecknSelection of Excellent Essay
