1、Group3:张媛瑶 尹莎莎 蒋怡璇12022-4-18About Jonathan Swift(1667-1745) Jonathan Swift is one of the most famous writers in English literature. He is the foremost prose satirist in the English language, political Journalist and clergyman . And he is also the founder of the radical democracy激进民主 in the Enlighten
2、ment of England. His works are full of satire and criticism. 22022-4-18The lifetime of Jonathan Swift Jonathan Swift was born in an English family in Dublin in 1667 and became a product of Irish culture and learning. His father died before he was born ; his mother was poor, and Swift was compelled t
3、o accept aid from relatives, who gave it grudgingly. At the age of six, he was sent to Kilkenny School. In 1682 he entered Trinity College(三一学院), Dublin , where he was granted his bachelor of art degree in 1686.32022-4-18The lifetime of Jonathan SwiftLater, he became an assistant of Sir William Temp
4、le. He left the position after Temple died in 1699 and became a clergyman in Ireland. At that time, he began to travel throughout the United Kingdom. He wrote down the lifestyles, problems he witnessed during the travel. It is this writing that makes Swift one of the most well-known satirists of Eng
5、lish society and British history. He thought that the out-dated conventions should be changed and love was based on the qualities of mind. He also found a heavy interest in polities taking up weight in the Tory party of Englands governmental party system. From the findings of government, religion, l
6、ove and gender inequality. Swift wrote plenty of body of work. His writings include poetry, short stories, political essays and novels. In 1742, he was declared of unsound mind and died in 1745 in Dublin.42022-4-18Main works 书的战争 （1704）The Battle of the books 一只桶的故事 （1704）Tale of a Tub 斯特拉日记 （1710-1
7、713）Journal to Stella 布商的信 （1724，1725）Letters of Mercer 格列佛游记（1726）Gullivers Travels 一个小小的建议 （1729）A Modest Proposal52022-4-18 In eighteenth century The political system: the constitutional monarchy君主立宪制 There are two parties: the Tory(托利党) and the Whig（辉格党） In the 18th century, British started the
8、Industrial Revolution. At that time, the struggle between the Tory and the Whig became aggravated for the sake of power. The contradiction between Protestantism(新教)and Catholicism, and the unrealistic Royal Society(英国皇家学会)make England seem chaotic.62022-4-18Main Plots大人国大人国Brobdingnag飞岛国飞岛国Laputa慧马国
9、慧马国Houyhnhnm小人国小人国Lilliput72022-4-18First voyage-Lilliput On the first voyage, Gulliver is shipwrecked. Of all the ships crew，he survives. He swims to the shore of a strange land, inhabited by Lilliputians, the tallest of whom is just six inches high.82022-4-18When bending my eyes downward as much a
10、s I could, I perceived a human not six inches high! 92022-4-18Thekingoflilliput102022-4-18 Little by little he gets used to their life and even takes part in the war with the neighbouring state of Blefuseu.112022-4-18Second voyage-Brobdingnag Gulliver finally escapes Lilliput and returns briefly to
11、England before a second voyage takes him to Brobdingnag. While on shore, Gulliver is captured by giants, each of whom is the size of a water-tower.122022-4-18 On the whole, the Brobdingnagians are good-natured creatures, and they treat Gulliver kindly, though they are amused by his tiny size and loo
12、ked upon him as a plaything. 132022-4-18NohecriedinhorrorDonttellmeIdontwanttoknowhowtomurderpeoplelikethatIwouldrathergivehalfmycountryawaythanknowthesecretofthispowderHowcanatinycreaturelikeyouhavesuchinhumancruelideasNeverspeaktomeofthisagain142022-4-18 Compare with Lilliput, the Brobdingnagians
13、have an enlightened monarch（开明的君主）. She often interrogates（询问） Gulliver on European affairs.152022-4-18 Gulliver abruptly departs Brobdingnag when a giant eagle flies off with him and drops him in the ocean. 162022-4-18Third voyage-Laputa He soon embarks on his third voyage to the flying island of L
14、aputa.172022-4-18 Laputa is a mysterious land inhabited by scientists, magicians, and sorcerers（男巫） who engage in ridiculous experiment.182022-4-18Final voyage-Houyhnhnm Once again Gulliver returns to England before a final journey, to the land of the Houyhnhnm192022-4-18 Houyhnhnms are a superior r
15、ace of intelligent horses .In the country, they are ruling class. yahoo(野胡) ,a vile(极坏的) and depraved（堕落的） race of ape-like creatures, is the ruled class.202022-4-18 Gulliver is eventually exiled from Houyhnhnm society when the horses gently insist that Gulliver must return to live among his own kin
16、d. After this fourth and final voyage, he returns to England, where he has great difficulty adjusting to everyday life. All people everywhere remind him of the Yahoos.“IwillsaynomoreClearlythereisnohopeforhumanbe-ingsIwasstupidtothinkthatIcouldbringreasonandtruthintotheirlivesandthoughtsHumansareall
17、YahoosandYa-boostheywillremain”212022-4-18In Lilliput In British The official positions are determined by skipping The political party is distinguished by the height of shoes Which end of an egg a person cracks becomes the basis of a deep political rift within that nation British was dominated by th
18、e church and monarch The disputation between Tory party and Whig party The divergence of Catholic and Protestant churches on the ceremony222022-4-18Brobdingnag The terrible social system Hatred to war232022-4-18Laputa Against pseudo-science The Royal Society of England Swift believes that science must serve the people, and should not become a tool of the ruling class and the people.242022-4-18Houyhnhnm Yahoo is actually embodied in all the vices of bourgeois society Houys is the highest praise of humanity252022-4-18THANKS!262022-4-18
