1、Basic ConceptsJiwei MaProject ManagementBasic Conceptso Concept of projecto Project as a systemo Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)o Project ManagementWhat Is A Project?o Organize 2008 Olympic gameo Develop a software producto Write software programo Hire an accountanto Interview applicants for the acco
2、untant positiono Purchase a houseo Purchase gasoline for your caro Organize a conferenceo Set up a weekly meetingConcept of Projecto Main features of a projectn One-time, non-repetitiven One of the kindn Constrained by resources and environmental conditionsn Certain lifecycleConcept of ProjectProjec
3、t is a one-time effort with clear objectives for the accomplishment of certain specific product or serviceo One-timenDefinite and clear starting/ending pointo EffortnNumber of personnel and various resources involvedo ObjectivenRequirement of certain quality standard with limited time and moneyo Spe
4、cificnDifferent from all previous product or serviceConcept of Projecto Project objectivesn Qualityo The desired function or required standardn Costo The monetary resource needed to accomplish the projectn Timeo The specified length of the project courseProject TriangleRelations among Project Object
5、ivesReduce time - Improve cost-effectivenessReduce time - Increase costHigher quality Less timeLess time More quality defectsImproved quality Reduce maintenance costIncrease investment Improve QualityCostTimeQualityObjective TriangleConcept of Projecto Project components the essential elements of a
6、project which serve the main purpose or carry out the major designed functions of the projectnSubprojectsnFunctional subsystemsnSingle objectso A hierarchical structure - Project structure - can be used as a tool to illustrate project componentsProject Components Project StructureProjectSubproject 1
7、Subproject 2Subproject 3Subproject Subsystem 22Subsystem 21Subsystem Object 221Object 222Object 223Object Concept of Projecto Project Process the major periods needed to go through to accomplish the projectnDecision makingnDesign/PlanningnExecutionnOperationnCloseouto A network diagram or bar chart
8、will be used to illustrate activities as well as their inter-relationship and inter-dependencyConstruction Project PhasingImplementationDecision MakingDesign PreparationDesignConstructionOperationCloseoutDecision MakingProject ProposalFeasibility StudyDesign SpecificationPreliminary DesignDesign Dev
9、elopmentConstruction DocumentConstructionAcceptanceTIMEStart upNetwork DiagramConcept of Projecto Functional works the major functions needed to be performed to jointly or consecutively accomplish the project,nFund raisingnAdministration/managementnPlanningnProcurementnControllingnCoordination/colla
10、borationnCommunication and information managementnInspection and acceptancenOperationnProject closeoutConcept of Projecto Project Participants the personnel or the parties who perform various functional works,nInvestornDevelopernPlannernPurchasing personnelnControllernInspectornOperation personnelno
11、 A chart called project organization structure is often used to illustrate project participants and their inter-relationship within a project systemProject OwnerInvestorsGovernment BodyFacility ServicesNeighborsConsultantsDesignersContractorsSuppliers/VendorsConstruction Project ParticipantsPresiden
12、tRepresent.AssistantProject ControllingControllingConsultingSecretary OfficeAdmin.Info.Design Manage.Construct. Manag.Architectural & b u i l d i n g equipmentProductionBedding & contract administrationSite managementCost ControlDesignerContractorOwnerImplementAG1G11G12BB1B2CDFD1D2F1F2CommitteeMater
13、ial PurchasingProduction equipment procure, contract administrationProduction equip. vendorConstruction mat. supplierEE1Construction mat. Equipment procurement, contract administrationE2AdministrationSubmit for approvalScheduling and controlAccountingSupervisionC1C2C3C4A1A2Project As a Systemo Syste
14、m definitionnAny group of entities which are functionally interdependent can be called a systemnAny group of entities which are interrelated so as to perform some function, or reach some goal, can be seen to be acting as a systemo Focus of system theorynSub-systemo Interrelated in the pursuit of goa
15、ls or objectivesnPrimary task of the systemo The things the organization must to do to surviveProject As a Systemo Important ConceptsnLarge system comprise smaller sub-systems which share the goals or primary task of larger systemnSub-systems are independently work together towards the common goalnS
16、ub-systems form a hierarchy of systemsnSystem interacts with its environment, and affected by environmental constraints or influencesnThe environment is not part of the system it does not share the goals of the systemProject As a Systemo Important ConceptsnThe system receives inputs from and exports
17、 outputs to the environment through sort of internal conversion processnA permeable boundary exists between the system and its environmentn“Boundary Management” is a key system conceptnPart of the outputs is fed back to become an input and thus to establish a cycle of events which enable the system
18、to monitor it own behaviorConstruction System ModelConstruction Production ManagementManagement SystemInformation SystemStrategic SystemOrganizational SystemSocial SystemEnvironmental SystemManpower ManagementMaterials ManagementPlant ManagementFinancial ManagementProject As A SystemObjectivesAltoge
19、ther form the essential part of a project systemAny two or three of them will jointly describe certain aspect of a projectComponentsProcessFunctionsParticipantsProject As A Systemo Objectives + Componentsn Describe the project objective system, which includes the cost, time and quality objective of
20、every single object in the projectn Project objective can be break down based on the structure of project componentProject As A Systemo Objectives + Processn Describe the project objective milestones, which includes the cost, time and quality objective of every major phasen Project objective can be
21、strictly controlled according to those periodical objectivesProject As A Systemo Objectives + Participantsn Describe the objectives of all participants from their own standing pointn Objectives are planned, monitored and controlled according to participants own interestProject As A Systemo Component
22、s + Participantsn Describe the assigned tasks of all participantsn Project tasks can be divided, viewed, and evaluated accordinglyo Components + Processn Project As A Systemo Components + Functional worksn Describe all the tasks and activities need to be carried out to accomplish the projectn Can be
23、 used as tool for work breakdownWork Breakdown Structureo A complex project is made easy to deal with by first breaking it down into individual activities in a hierarchical structure, known as WBSo It defines tasks that can be completed independently of other tasks, facilitatingnResource allocationn
24、Assignment of responsibilitiesnMeasurement and control of the projectWork Breakdown Structureo Higher levels in the hierarchical structure are generally performed by groupso The lowest level in the structure often comprises activities performed by individualso It is the key tonScope managementnTeam
25、assignmentnAccurate trackingnEffective controlWork Breakdown Structureo Work breakdown structure can be done like this:nThe project manager lists everything should be done in the projectnThen the stakeholders put up their “to do” list with requirementso Then the project will have unneeded tasks, and
26、 scope will continually expando Then the project will run over time, over budget, and even with dissatisfied qualityxWork Breakdown Structureo Work breakdown structure can be done like this:n First break down into componentsn Then break down into processn Then o The lowest level should not be too de
27、tailed,n Result in micro-managemento The tasks should not be too largen Result in inefficient ManagementClear ObjectivesLimited resourcesHigh complexity+Panic !Project Management !What is Management?ProblemPlanningDecisionExecutionCheck- Various alternative solutions- Evaluation of those alternative
28、s- Selection of one solution- Implementation of the solution- Accomplished?- Any problem remained?New ProblemProject Managemento Project management is a carefully planned and organized effort by all participants through the whole course of a project to accomplish the project on time, within cost and
29、 to required quality standard through project planning and project controlling.PM = PP + PC PlanActualControlControlMission of Project ManagementTo control the changing process in a dynamic environmentTo pursue harmony in chaotic realityProject Managemento Key issues of project managementn Cost cont
30、roln Time controln Quality controln Coordinationn Information managementn Contract administrationn Safety managementProject Management TasksDecision MakingPlanningExecutionOperationCloseoutCost ControlTime ControlQuality ControlCoordinationInformation ManagementContract AdministrationSafety Manageme
31、ntProject Management Toolso Project structureo Project organization charto Contract structureo Work breakdown structureo Contract work breakdown structureo Cost breakdown charto Information system charto Information flow diagramo Task arrangement tableo Management responsibility tableo Workflow diag
32、ramo Project Management Knowledgeo Knowledge structure defined by PMI (Project Management Institute):nIntegrated ManagementnScope ManagementnTime ManagementnCost ManagementnQuality ManagementnHuman Resource ManagementnCommunication ManagementnRisk ManagementnProcurement ManagementProject Management
33、Knowledgeo Knowledge structure defined by CII (Construction Industry Institute):n Front-End Planningn Designn Procurementn Constructionn Startup and Operationn Peoplen OrganizationProject Management Knowledgeo Knowledge structure defined by CII (Construction Industry Institute):n Project Processesn Project Controlsn Contractsn Safety, Health and Environmentn Information Management and Technology Systemn Globalization Issuesn SecurityProject Management IsnotArtnotKnowledgePractice !Thank YouJiwei M
