1、辽宁省部分地区2020-2021学年高二上学期期末考试英语联考试题精选汇编阅读理解专题（含解析）辽宁省抚顺市六校2020-2021学年高二上学期期末英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHow to plan your routes to avoid busy placesWhether you are a beginner or already a regular runner, these apps will come in handy for planning routes that avoid bu
2、sy places on your next run. StravaJust put in whether youre running or cycling, how far youd like to go and whether youre keen to avoid hills, the app will then suggest a number of routes near you, based on where other runners have been. It is a good way to see running routes you might not have expl
3、ored. KomootAs you plan the route, itll work out the distance of your run and give you the option to input your running speed, allowing the app to work out how long the route shall take you. Map my runMap my run gives runners the option to plan their own route, or the ability to search through popul
4、ar running routes near you, which is even more helpful for beginners. The app gives you the option of saving your favourite routes and accessing them on the app if you get lost mid-run. OS MapsAnother hugely popular map-building platform, OS Maps is pretty high tech when it comes to planning a runni
5、ng route. Youll need a subscription to get some of the features, but using the free app you can find local running routes. There are almost two million routes stored in the routes database, and many of them are free.21. What is special about Strava?A. It can be used to play music.B. It is pretty hig
6、h technology.C. It can plan cycling routes.D. It works out the distance of your run.22. Which is the best choice for beginners to plan their own route?A. Map my run.B. Komoot.C. Strava.D. OS maps.23. Whats the purpose of the text?A. To teach running skills.B. To introduce four apps about running.C.
7、To share running experience.D. To show the popularity of running.【答案】21. C 22. A 23. B【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四款关于跑步的应用程序，用来帮助跑步者规划路线。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据Strava部分关键句“Just put in whether youre running or cycling, how far youd like to go and whether youre keen to avoid hills, the app will then suggest a number
8、of routes near you, based on where other runners have been.”（只要输入你是跑步还是骑自行车，你想走多远，以及你是否热衷于避开山丘，这个应用程序就会根据其他跑步者去过的地方，建议你附近的一些路线。）可知，Strava这个应用程序不仅可以规划跑步路线，还可以规划骑自行车的路线，文章中介绍的其他三个应用程序都只是用来规划跑步路线的。由此可知，Strava的特别之处在于它可以规划自行车路线。故选C项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据Map my run部分关键句“Map my run gives runners the option to pl
9、an their own route, or the ability to search through popular running routes near you, which is even more helpful for beginners.”（Map my run为跑步者提供了规划自己路线的选项，或者在你附近的热门跑步路线中进行搜索的功能，这对初学者更有帮助。）可知，Map my run可以让跑步者规划自己的路线，并且对初学者更有帮助。由此可知，Map my run是初学者规划自己路线的最佳选择。故选A项。【23题详解】推理判断题。浏览文章，结合第一段内容“Whether you
10、 are a beginner or already a regular runner, these apps will come in handy for planning routes that avoid busy places on your next run.”（无论你是初学者还是已经是一个经常跑步的人，这些应用程序都可以方便地规划路线，避免你下次跑步时遇到繁忙的地方。）可知，文章主要介绍了四款应用程序，可以帮助跑步者规划路线。由此可知，文章的主要目的是介绍四款关于跑步的应用程序。故选B项。BOne day, Amanda was diagnosed (诊断) with cancer
11、 of an early stage. During this time, she was admitted to a college. She planned to save money to meet the college expense and then seek medical treatment for the cancer. Her father, Clint and her friends didnt want her to put off her treatment due to the expense. They took matters into their own ha
12、nds and started a GoFundMe campaign. A longtime friend of the family was cofounder of a group named Praynksters, known for random acts of kindness. The friend decided to use their own group to help the family. The group came up with the creative idea to spread the word and invite families, friends,
13、and strangers who wanted to help to take part in a donation activity. The event induced the enormous assistance from the local community. Clint and Amanda were moved as the crowd passed by and the donations poured in. The event brought the family over $13, 000 in donations to go towards her medical
14、treatments. The generous act of kindness gave the family a comforting, and optimistic feeling during a time when all hope seemed lost. Clint said that Amanda struggled with the idea of asking for help. She felt guilty and undeserving compared to others who are also struggling. She is still humbled b
15、y it all. After several months of treatment, life for the family has started getting back to their normal routine. Once Amanda got her strength back, she returned to school and completed her bachelors degree. The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowd
16、funding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to give back and help others as many have helped them.24. Why did Amanda postpone her treatment of cancer?A. She didnt care about her disease.B. She had to take care of her family.C. She was in a bad economic situation.D. She couldnt find a
17、n effective treatment.25. What does the underlined word “induced” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Brought about.B. Made up.C. Gave away.D. Set about.26. Which of the following best describes Amanda?A. Shameful but caring.B. Kind-hearted and grateful.C. Curious and warm-hearted.D. Hard- working and humorous.2
18、7. What can we infer from the text?A. Its quite easy to cure Amandas cancer.B. Praynksters is a nonprofit organization funded by Clint.C. Volunteering is very popular in Amandas community.D. A GoFundMe campaign is actually a crowdfunding activity.【答案】24. C 25. A 26. B 27. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文主要讲述了阿曼达被
19、诊断患有癌症，但由于经济困难，无法完成治疗。在家人及朋友的帮助下，他们发起了GoFundMe活动，这次活动为这家人带来了超过13000美元的捐款，这些捐款用于她的治疗。经过几个月的治疗，这家人的生活恢复了正常，阿曼达继续回到校园进行学习，与此同时，这家人成为了当地社区的志愿者并为众筹做出贡献。他们很感激有回报别人和帮助别人的机会，就像很多人曾经帮助过他们一样。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“Her father, Clint and her friends didnt want her to put off her treatment due to the expense. (她的
20、父亲克林特和她的朋友们不希望她因为费用问题而推迟治疗)”可知，阿曼达推迟了她的癌症治疗的原因是费用问题。故选C项。【25题详解】猜测词义题。根据第三段前两句“Clint and Amanda were moved as the crowd passed by and the donations poured in. The event brought the family over $13,000 in donations to go towards her medical treatments. (当人群经过，捐款大量涌入时，克林特和阿曼达被感动了。这次活动为这家人带来了超过13000美元的
21、捐款，用于她的治疗)”可知，“induced”在该句中得到的含义。A. Brought about.带来，获得，得到；B. Made up.组成，编造，化妆；C. Gave away.赠送；泄露；D. Set about.着手，开始做。故选A项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“The family is now inspired to volunteer in their local neighborhood and contribute to crowd funding (众筹) efforts. They are grateful for the opportunity to
22、 give back and help others as many have helped them.(这家人现在被激励志愿参与他们当地社区服务，并为众筹努力做出贡献。他们很感激有回报别人和帮助别人的机会，就像很多人曾经帮助过他们一样)”可知，阿曼达是心地善良的和感激的人。故选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“They took matters into their own hands and started a GoFundMe campaign.”(他们采取了自己的行动，并发起了GoFundMe活动。)及第二段第五句“The group came up with the
23、creative idea to spread the word and invite families, friends, and strangers who wanted to help to take part in a donation activity.(该组织想出了一个创意，就是要传播这个消息，邀请想要帮忙的家人、朋友和陌生人参加捐赠活动)”可知，GoFundMe campaign是一个众筹活动。故选D项。【点睛】做细节理解题时同学们需要将题干与原文、选项与原文三位一体逐一照应，题干与选项都是原文的同义、近义或反义表达。例如，在第1小题中，题干中问为什么阿曼达推迟了她的癌症治疗?而
24、原文中表达的是她的父亲克林特和她的朋友们不希望她因为费用问题而推迟治疗。（题干与原文是近义表达）；C选项“她的经济状况很糟糕”和原文“因为费用问题”属于同义词表达。CWhy dont we have eyes in the back of our heads? There are at least two reasons. Eyes are biologically expensive things to make and rear-view (后视) eyes dont fit well into the human evolution (进化). Even animals, such as
25、 rabbits, whose main survival advantage is rear vision, have only the side eyes. Rear vision is not so important. There are other species that have evolved this ability by moving the position of their eyes relative to the rest of their head. Many birds have their eyes positioned towards the side of
26、their head, allowing them a very wide angle of vision and, in the case of some birds such as the woodcock, they are positioned so they can actually achieve 360-degree vision. It is also obvious that spiders, which tend to have many eyes, only have them facing forwards. Humans, and probably some othe
27、r animals, do have another adapted sense to make it up. Many experiments showed that sounds behind the head were noticed by a listener more than sounds to the front, especially if a listener was in a dark room. So, our ears can make up for the lack of rear-facing vision. You can look at it another w
28、ay. Rear vision is useful only if the potential threat is visible. During human evolution, that was most often not the case. Finally, there is often more than one potential “solution” to a given problem. In many species, the answer to maintaining 360-degree awareness of surrounding danger is to rely
29、 on many eyes. Social behavior is common in the animal kingdom and one reason for this is that there is safety in numbers. You might be looking the wrong way when a tiger approaches, but if your teammates raise the alarm this is as effective as having eyes in the back of your head.28. Why do humans
30、have no rear-view eyes?A. They are bad for human survival.B. They are replaced by other organs.C. They are less likely to spot the danger.D. They are abandoned by natural selection.29. What is the purpose of paragraph 2?A. To state rear-view eyes arent a must for survival.B. To explain why animals h
31、ave other functional eyes.C. To prove rabbits, birds and spiders are very special.D. To show rear-view eyes are against the natural selection.30. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Sensitive hearing.B. The visible threat behind the head.C. The sound behind the head.D. Re
32、ar vision.31. Where does the text most likely come from?A. A travel brochure.B. A fiction.C. A science magazine.D. A book review.【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B 31. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了人类的眼睛没有长在脑后的原因。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容“Why dont we have eyes in the back of our heads? There are at least two reasons. Eyes
33、 are biologically expensive things to make and rear-view (后视) eyes dont fit well into the human evolution (进化).”（为什么我们的眼睛没有长在脑后？至少有两个原因。眼睛从生物学角度上说是昂贵的东西，而后视的眼睛并不适合人类的进化。）可知，人类之所以没有后视的眼睛是因为后视的眼睛并不适合人类的进化。由此可知，人类没有后视的眼睛是因为它们并不适合人类的进化，被自然选择所抛弃。故选D项。【29题详解】推理判断题。浏览第二段内容，根据第二段关键句“Even animals, such as ra
34、bbits, whose main survival advantage is rear vision, have only the side eyes. Rear vision is not so important.”（即使是兔子等主要生存优势是后视的动物，也只有侧眼。后视并不是那么重要。）可知，本段主要通过列举兔子、蜘蛛和鸟类的例子，告诉我们后视并不是那么重要，它并不是生存的必备条件。由此可知，第二段的主要目的是说明后视并不是生存的必要条件。故选A项。【30题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线单词上句“Rear vision is useful only if the potential thr
35、eat is visible.”（只有在潜在威胁是可以看见的时候，后视才有用。）可知，后视只对脑后发生的可见的威胁是有用的。由此可知，that代指的是“脑后的可见的威胁”，划线词所在句子表示“在人类进化过程中，脑后的可见的威胁的情况并不经常发生。”，“The visible threat behind the head”意为“脑后的可见的威胁”，符合句意。故选B项。【31题详解】推理判断题。浏览文章，结合文章第一段内容“Why dont we have eyes in the back of our heads? There are at least two reasons. Eyes are
36、 biologically expensive things to make and rear-view (后视) eyes dont fit well into the human evolution (进化).”（为什么我们眼睛没有长在脑后？至少有两个原因。眼睛从生物学角度上说是昂贵的东西，而后视的眼睛并不适合人类的进化。）可知，本文主要向我们介绍了人类的眼睛没有长在脑后的原因，这是一篇科普知识类的文章，“A science magazine”意为“科学杂志”，符合文章出处。由此可知，文章最有可能选自一本科学杂志。故选C项。DThe UK government has promised t
37、o cut the countrys greenhouse gas emissions（排放）by at least 68% by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, marking a significant increase from its current goal. The new goal comes nine days ahead of the UK hosting a “climate action summit（峰会）” to encourage other countries to declare tougher climate plans, kn
38、own as Nationally Determined Contributions（NDCs）, under the Paris Agreement. Current NDCs will raise temperatures by 3. And stronger plans are needed to meet the Paris deals goal of limiting global warming to 1.5. “This is the most significant NDCs announcement so far from any major economy” said Ri
39、chard Black at the Energy and Climate Intelligence Unit, a UK-based think tank, in a statement. The new goal is exactly in line with what the governments official climate adviser, the Climate Change Committee, called for in a letter published earlier today. The group said 68% would be “world-leading
40、” compared with existing plans of governments. The UK had previously promised a 53% cut in emissions as part of a joint（共同的）effort with the rest of the European Union, but the UK is determined to produce a new NDCs. Separately, the UK had also promised a 57% cut by 2032 domestically. It is clear tha
41、t far more action will be needed if the UK is to meet the new goal. The governments own analysis last week showed that recent major methods, such as banning new oil-fueled car sales by 2030, had failed to do enough to put the UK on track even for the old goal of 57% by 2032. The new goal obviously w
42、idens that gap further.32. Why did the UK declare its new goal before climate action summit”?A. To show its former plans are based on facts.B. To blame other countries for their low goals.C. To call on other countries to take bigger steps.D. To take the lead in controlling greenhouse gas emissions.3
43、3. What is the UKs new goal for reducing emissions?A. 15%.B. 68%.C. 57%.D. 53%.34. Whats the authors attitude to the UKs new goal?A. Opposed.B. Subjective.C. Indifferent.D. Doubtful.35. What can be the best title for the text?A. A new goal will be put forward on “climate action summit”.B. UK came up
44、 with a common goal under the Paris Agreement.C. UKs recent major policies are far from its pre-determined goal.D. UK sets an ambitious climate goal of 68% emissions cut by 2030.【答案】32. C 33. B 34. D 35. D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了英国政府承诺，到2030年，该国的温室气体排放量将比1990年的水平至少减少68%。【32题详解】细节理解题。由第二段中的“The new goal co
45、mes nine days ahead of the UK hosting a “climate action summit（峰会）” to encourage other countries to declare tougher climate plans, known as Nationally Determined Contributions（NDCs）, under the Paris Agreement.”（这一新目标是在英国主办“气候行动峰会”的九天前提出的，该峰会旨在鼓励其他国家根据巴黎协定宣布更严厉的气候计划，即国家确定贡献（简称NDC）。）可知英国在“气候行动峰会”前宣布新目
46、标是为了鼓励其他国家根据巴黎协定宣布更严厉的气候计划（更大的国家确定贡献），即呼吁其他国家对气候变化采取更大的措施。故选C项。【33题详解】细节理解题。由第一段“The UK government has promised to cut the countrys greenhouse gas emissions（排放）by at least 68% by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, marking a significant increase from its current goal.”（英国政府承诺，到2030年，该国的温室气体排放量将比1990年的水平
47、至少减少68%，比目前的目标有了显著的提高。）可知英国减排的新目标是减少68%。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“It is clear that far more action will be needed if the UK is to meet the new goal. The governments own analysis last week showed that recent major methods, such as banning new oil-fueled car sales by 2030, had failed to do enough to p
48、ut the UK on track even for the old goal of 57% by 2032.”（显然，如果英国要实现这一新目标，还需要采取更多的行动。英国政府自己上周的分析显示，最近出台的一些主要措施，比如在2030年之前禁止销售新的石油燃料汽车，也不能使英国走上正轨，即使是在2032年之前实现57%的旧目标。）可知英国要实现减排68%的新目标还需更多的行动，而且最近的分析显示，实施的主要措施也难以让英国走上减排68%的正轨，可得出作者对英国的新目标持怀疑态度。故选D项。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“The UK government has promised to cut the countrys greenhouse gas emissions（排放）by at least 68% by 2030 compared with 1990 levels, marking a significant increase from its current goal.”（英国政府承诺，到2030年，该国的温室气体排放量将比1990年的水平至少减少68%，这比目前的目标有了显著提高。）结合全文内容，可知第一段讲“英国提出温室气体减排
