1、初高中衔接点津第五讲【语言知识概要】词汇搜索translate watch term advice else each send guess borrow hear before wonderful dream taste already latest discover recently show grow beyond alone cost prefer secret since raise important pay luckily单词拼写1.发音 2.信息 3.提高 4.经验 5.难题 6.美味的 7.发现 8.环境 9.秘密 10.健康 短语填空1.write 写下；记下 2. eac
2、h 互相3.enjoy 过得愉快 4. all time 总是；一直5.dream 梦想 6. than 超过；多于7.sell 卖光 8. get well with 与相处9.hear 听说 10. drop out school 退学IV. 语法扫描句子种类句子按其结构可以分为以下三类： 1.简单句（SimpleSentences）：只包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句，例如： She (主)likes(谓) collectingstamps.她喜欢集邮。 2. 并列句（CompoundSentences）：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词(and, or,
3、 but, so, while, when, for)或分号来连接，例如： Thefoodwasgood,buthehadlittleappetite. 食物很精美，但他却没什么胃口。3. 复合句（ComplexSentences）：包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导，例如： Thefilmhadbegun(主句) whenwegottothecinema. (从句)简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型（5 BasicSentencePatterns）由主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、宾语补足语等句子成分，按不同方式组合而成：(句子成分的表示方法：S: Subj
4、ect主语；V: Verb动词；O: Object宾语；P: Predicative表语；OC: Object Complement宾语补足语；InO: Indirect Object间接宾语；DO：Direct Object 直接宾语) 。英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的。 1. S+V (主语+谓语动词)该句型所用动词都是不及物动词，其后当然不能接宾语，但是可以用状语修饰谓语动词或整个句子。He (主) is walking (谓) fast in the street.(状)他在街上跑得飞快。2. S+V+O (主语+谓语动词+宾语)该句型所用动词
5、都是及物动词.。名词、代词、不定式、动名词或短语及从句可作宾语。We (主) attended (谓) the meeting.(宾)我们出席了那次会议。(名词作宾语)She (主) stopped (谓) him.(宾)她叫住了他。(代词作宾语)She (主) wants (谓) to ask a question.(宾)她要问一个问题。(不定式作宾语)They (主) enjoy (谓) listening to the music.(宾)他们喜欢听古点音乐。(动名词作宾语)注意：一些不及物动词之后加上介词就可以具有及物动词的功能，其后就可以接宾语了, 如：2listen to 听；loo
6、k at 看；look after 照看；turn on 打开；turn off 关上；look for 寻找；live on 以为生；put on 穿上；hand in 上交；pick up 捡起；belong to属于；arrive at/in 到达等等。May I turn on the light?我可以开灯吗?What are you looking for? 你在找什么?3. S+V+P (主语+连系动词+表语)连系动词的后面必须接表语，说明主语的情况和状态。通常可作表语的是名词或形容词。She (主) became (谓, 连系动词) a lawyer .(表)last year
7、.去年，她成为了一名律师。He (主) is (谓,连系动词) honest.(表)他是诚实的。It (主) is getting (谓,连系动词) colder and colder.(表)天气渐渐冷了。It (主) tastes (谓,连系动词) delicious.(表)这好吃极了。It (主) sounds (谓,连系动词) reasonable.(表)听起来有道理。注意：下列动词在表示状态的存在和变化时，也可以作连系动词使用 ：look 看起来；smell闻起来；sound 听起来；taste 尝起来；feel 感觉；keep 保持； grow/go/get/turn变得。4. S+
8、V+InO+DO (主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语)(1) 宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，但某些动词，除直接宾语外，还要求一个间接宾语，以表示该动词所发出的动作涉及的人或物，通常由名词或代词的宾格担任。She (主) gave (谓) me (宾, 间接) a ticket (宾, 直接)for that film.她给了我一张那部电影的票。Please pass (谓) me (宾, 间接) the salt.(宾, 直接)请把盐递给我。(2) 通常情况下，间接宾语位于直接宾语的前面，但有时根据强调需要，间接宾语位于直接宾语之后，这时要在间接宾语前加to或for
9、。I will bring the book(宾,直接) to you next time. (宾, 间接)（=I will bring you the book next time.）我下次把那本书给你带来。He promised a motorbike (宾, 直接) to her. (宾, 间接)(=He promised her a motorbike.)他答应给她买一辆摩托车。Mother bought a new bag (宾, 直宾) for him.(宾, 间宾)(=Mother bought him a new bag.)妈妈给他买了一个新书包。She sang severa
10、l songs (宾, 直宾) for them. (宾, 间宾)(=She sang them several songs.)她为他们唱了几首歌。Please pass (谓)the salt (宾, 直接)to me. (宾, 间接）请把盐递给我。（间接宾语放在句尾是为了强调给我而不是给别人。）直接宾语提前，动词后加to或for的动词归纳如下。 后面加to的动词：8give 给，tell 告诉，bring 带来，send 寄、送，hand 交给，read 读，pass 递给，return 把还给，lend 借给，throw 扔给，leave 留给，promise 许诺，答应refuse 拒
11、绝 后面加for的动词：get 得到，make 制造，做，buy 买，do 做，play 演奏，order 命令，sing 唱歌，pay 为而付钱简单句的五种基本句型口诀：英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类为动词，后接什么是关键；vt.又可分三类， 单宾双宾最常见；还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。注意：带特殊疑问词的不定式短语作直接宾语是一种很常用的形式，基本句型是：S+V+O(间接)+疑问词+不定式主语+及物动词+间接宾语+疑问词+不定式She told me how to understand the article.她告诉我怎样理解这篇文章。They wanted to know
12、where to solve the problem.他们想要知道哪里能够解决这个问题。The boy asked her why to do so.那孩子问她为什么这么做。I asked him which one to choose.我问他选择哪一个。5. S+V+O+OC (主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语) (1) 有些及物动词，只接一个宾语不能表达完整的意思，还需要再加一个宾语的补语加以说明，使意思完整。这样的宾语和宾语补足语又称为复合宾语，可以由名词、形容词、不定式和分词来担任。They named (谓, 及物）the girl (宾) Susan.(宾补)他们给这个女孩起名叫苏姗
13、。(名词作宾补)He found (谓, 及物)her (宾) frustrated.(宾补)他觉得她有些沮丧。(形容词作宾补)I saw (谓, 及物)them 宾 perform (宾补)on the stage.我看见他们在台上表演。(省略了to的不定式作宾补)(2)一些使役性动词如make, let, have和一些表示感官的动词如see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, feel等，用不定式作宾语补语时，要省去“to”。但用于被动语态时还要加上“to”。We all made him play the violin.被动：He was made to
14、 play the violin by us all.我们都要求他演奏小提琴。I saw him enter the room.被动：He was seen to enter the room.我看见他进屋了。He heard a woman cry over there under a tree.被动：A woman was heard to cry over there under a tree.他听见一个女人在那边一棵树下哭。必背：记住下面是一些常用的要求复合宾语的动词：name, call, make, find, think, leave。Well make him monitor.
15、我们要选他当班长。She found the boy very funny.她觉得这个孩子非常滑稽。He left the door open and hid behind the door.他让门开着，然后藏在门后边。句子基本结构练习用所给的单词组成句子 1to, the, box, 1, want, take, to, room, heavy, the. 2look, things, the, after, boys, their, must. 3here, all, are, you. 4today, who, duty, is, on? 5Miss, them, 3 years ago
16、, Wang, taught, Japanese. 6is, rice, bag, in, there, much, the. 7him, to, a, gift, promised, give, I. 8begins, eight, the, English, at, class, oclock. 单项选择题 1. Give me one more minute _ _ Ill be able to finish it. A. andB. orC. ifD. so2. Its the third time that John has been late, _ _?A. hasnt heB.
17、isnt he C. isnt itD. hasnt it3. _ joyful he was to meet his brother again! A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an4. Let us pass, _? A. shant weB. shall weC. wont weD. will you5. I suppose hes serious, _ ? A. do IB. dont IC. is heD. isnt he6. You had better not smoke here, _ _? A. will youB. had youC. shal
18、l youD. have you7. Study as hard as you can _ _ youll do well in the exams. A. thenB. butC. andD. or8. Im sorry to have to say this, _ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night. A. andB. butC. soD. because9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and _. A. Henry hasnt to
19、o B. Henry also has not either C. neither Henry has D. neither has Henry10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, _ _ others enjoy swimming. A. orB. forC. whileD. so11. Do you feel like going out _ _ would you rather have dinner at home? Id like to go out.A. orB. andC. butD
20、. so12. “_ _ _ is the temperature today?”“Its 38 degrees.” A. WhichB. HowC. How hotD. How high13. Your uncle isnt an engineer, is he?_ _. A. Yes, he isntB. No, he isntC. No, he isD. He is14. _ down the radio the babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turnC. Turned D. Turn15. I dont like chi
21、cken _ fish. I dont like chicken _ I like fish very much. A. and, andB. and, butC. or, andD. or, but【语言引领】句型转换1. Whats wrong with him? Whats him?2. There is something wrong with his bike. wrong his bike.3. Learning maths is difficult. difficult maths.4. It took me 25 minutes to go there by bus. I 25
22、 minutes there by bus.5. Lily and Lucy look the same. Lily Lucy.根据汉语意思翻译下列句子。1. 直到我妈妈回来后我才离开。 I leave my mother back.2. 我从我朋友那里借了一部照相机。 I a camera my friend.3. 我认为英语比数学更有用。 I think English is maths.4. 我们不为考试担心。 We dont worry the exam.5. 除了这些书之外，你还买了别的什么？ did you buy these books?III. 根据短文意思，用方框内所给的单词
23、正确形式填空。help improve know organize wish speak stay study travel haveDear Tina, Im writing to you from Beijing where our class 1_ _ Chinese at a language school. Although my understanding of Chinese customs 2_ _, Im still finding things difficult.I, with someone else in my class, 3_ _ in a Chinese hom
24、e. The Chinese family 4_ us with our Chinese. The mother and father 5_ a little English, but the rest of the family 6_ _ only Chinese to us.Every morning a small group of us 7_ _ to school together. In the afternoon, after class, the school 8_ _ plenty of activities for us.Im 9_ a good time, but I 1
25、0_my whole family were here with me!Love,Kirsty【学习策略指导】学会区别短语和完整的句子，掌握常用的基本句型，学会用词造句，避免中文式的表达方式等。你就具备了写作基础，可以自由表达了。写作时，要尽可能运用最简单的句型来避免复杂句型可能造成的语法错误；要尽可能运用你最有把握的词汇短语来避免你没有把握的词汇短语可能造成的表意不准。记住，句与句之间，段与段之间应加上适当的连词。Good habits are the key to success. Bad habits are the unlocked door to failure.第五讲答案.单词拼写
26、1. pronunciation 2. message 3. improve 4.experience 5. problem 6. delicious 7. discover 8.environment 9. secret 10. health短语填空1. down 2. other 3.oneself 4. the 5. of6. more 7.out 8.on 9. about 10. ofIV语法扫描用所给的单词组成句子 1I want to take the heavy box to the room 2The boys must look after their things 3Yo
27、u are all here 4Who is on duty today? 5Miss Wang taught them Japanese 3 years ago 6There is much rice in the bag 7I promised them to give him a gift 8The English class begins at eight oclock 单项选择题 1-5. ACADD 6-10. BCBDC 11-15. ADBDD句型转换1. the matter with 2. Something is; with 3. It is ; to learn4. spent ; going 5. looks like完成句子1. wont; until ; comes 2.borrowed; from 3.more useful than 4.have to ; about5. what else; besidesIII.短文填空study improves stay help know speak travel organizes having wish
