1、语法专题一 定语从句The book which he bought on Sunday is interesting. He who laughs last laughs best. 先行词antecedent放置于名词之_，修饰名词的从句关系词1. 连接作用2. 在从句中充当成分3. 指代先行词后关系词1. 关系代词（主、宾、表）2. 关系副词（状语）: when where why1. 指人：who whom2. 指物: which3. 指人和物： that whose（定语）4. 指某一情况: which as知识点一、关系代词引导的定语从句1) A plane is a machin
2、e _ can fly.2) The car _ my uncle bought last week was stolen.3) The students _ dont study hard will not pass the exam.4) The woman _ you saw in the park is our English teacher.5) _ we all know, he is a successful man.which/that(which/that)who/that(whom/that/who)As1.关系代词that与which的用法区别1）先行词指物时只用that
3、引导的定语从句。 当先行词是不定代词all, much, something, anything, nothing, everything, none等。 Is there anything (that) I can do for you?Ill lend you some books that are interesting. 当先行词前面被the only, the very /the right(恰恰，正好)等词修饰时。 The only thing (that) we can do is to give you some money. 当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级
4、修饰时。This is the best that has been used against pollution. This is the most interesting film (that) Ive ever seen.当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。What is the first American film (that) you have seen? 当先行词既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons (that) they are talking about？当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Which is the b
5、ike (that) you lost? Who is the boy that won the gold medal?Practice 1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _I have ever re
6、ad.5.There is nothing in the world _can frighten me.6.Who is the man _is reading under the tree?thatthatthatthatthatthat(2)只用which而不用that引导的定语从句 非限制性定语从句只用which而不能用that。He wrote a book, _ is on how to learn English well. 非限制性定语从句He wrote a book which/that is on how to learn English well. 限制性定语从句在介词提
7、前的定语从句中，只用which而不用that。This is the place in _ Lu Xun used to live. whichwhich2.关系代词whose的用法1) A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan. (孤儿) 2) They live in a house , whose windows face south. whose windows=the windows of which =of which the window3) Im painting a house, the roof _is round
8、.of which3.关系代词as引导的定语从句(1)as用于限制性定语从句He is such a respectable man as we all respect .He is such a respectable man that we all respect him.This is the same wallet as he lost yesterday.This is the same wallet that he lost yesterday.(2)as表示“正如，正像” as从句中常用know, expect, happen, point out, plan, suggest等
9、单词或短语。He came back home late，as we expected. As is pointed out, this is a grammar problem. 知识点二 关系副词引导的定语从句1.当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。表时间用when，表地点用where，表原因用why引导1)He will always remember the day when(=on which) his father returned from America. 2)The factory where(=in which) his father works is the la
10、rgest one in this city. 3) I dont know the reason why(=for which) he was absent today. 2.抽象地点名词+关系副词where 当先行词是case stage degree point situation atmosphere environment ,race等抽象地点名词时。1) They have reached the point _ they have to separate with each other. 2) Nowadays people are more concerned about th
11、e environment_ they live.3) Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.wherewherewhere3 3.关系代词和关系副词的区别1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3.I went to the place_ I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _
12、 I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when(which)where(which)why(which/that)知识点三 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which或whom1) This is the school in which you will study. 2) I have no money with which I can buy a dictionary. 3) This is t
13、he teacher from whom youll learn English.4)The gentleman about whom you told me just now proved to be a thief. 介词的选用至少要考虑以下的两个因素1.与先行词的搭配关系1）I will never forget the day _ I joined the army.2) I will never forget the days _ I worked in the school.3) I will never forget the year _ my son went to colle
14、ge.4) I will never forget the school _ I studied.5) He came to a farm, _ he finally settled (安顿).on whichduring whichin whichin whichon which2. 与从句中谓语动词的固定搭配1）Have you found the book _ I paid $29?2) Have you found the book _ I spent $29?3) Have you found the book _ we learnt a lot?4) Do you know the man _ she often talks?4) This is the boy _ I take pride.for whichon whichfrom whichabout whomin whom 谢谢观看
