1、 4 Natural DisastersPeriod 2 Reading and Thinking Reading and ThinkingLive to tell: Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality.United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016)劫后余生：提高认识，减少死亡。联合国减少灾害国际战略(2016年) THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP Reading and T
2、hinkingWhat is an earthquake?An earthquake a shaking of the ground caused by movement of the Earths crust(地壳). Pre-readingReading and ThinkingWhats earthquake magnitude? 地震震级是指地震大小，通常用字母M表示。地震愈大，震级数字也愈大，世界上最大的震级为9.5级。地震释放的能量来表示地震的大小，即地震的震级。震级大的地震，释放的能量多；震级小的地震，释放的能量少。中国一般采用里氏震级。通常小于2.5级的地震称为小地震，2.5-
3、4.7之间的地震称为有感地震震级每相差1.0级，能量相差大约30倍。Reading and ThinkingEarthquakepredictionEarthquake prediction is the prediction of the time, place, magnitude and impact of future destructive earthquakes. Earthquake prediction should pay attention to three elements: time, place and magnitude of earthquake. 地震预报是对未
4、来破坏性地震发生的时间、地点、震级和地震影响的预测。地震预报需要注意三要素：发震时间、地点、震级。Reading and ThinkingWhat may happen just before an earthquake?Some organs of many animals are particularly sensitive, and they can know some disasters ahead of human beings.Reading and Thinking THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP Strange things were happe
5、ning in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. For several days, the water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.There were deep cracks that appeared in the well walls. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refuse
6、d to go inside buildings. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide, and fish jumped out of the water. At about 3:00a.m, on 28 July 1976, bright lights were seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the citys one millin people were asleep as usual that
7、night. 河北东北部的农村发生了奇怪的事情。一连几天，村子里的水时涨时落，时涨时落。井壁上出现了深深的裂缝。至少有一口井冒出了一些难闻的气体。鸡甚至猪都紧张得不敢吃东西，狗也拒绝进入建筑物。老鼠跑出田野寻找藏身之处，鱼跳出水面。1976年7月28日凌晨3点左右，唐山城外的天空中出现了亮光，还能听到巨大的噪音。但是那天晚上，这个城市的100万人像往常一样睡着了。Paragraph 1 Main idea: Warning signs before the earthquake Reading and Thinking THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP Parag
8、raph 2 At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! Eleven kilometres directly below the city, one of the most deadly earthquakes of the 20th century had begun, a quake that even caused damage more than 150 kilometres away in Beiing. Nearly one third of t
9、he whole nation felt it! A huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured. Thousands of children
10、 were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 400,00.凌晨3点42分，一切开始动摇。似乎世界末日来临！在城市正下方11公里处，20世纪最严重的地震之一开始了，这场地震甚至在150多公里外的北京造成了破坏。全国近三分之一的人都感觉到了！一条8公里长、30米宽的巨大裂缝，切穿房屋、道路和水路。坚硬的岩石变成了泥土的河流。不到一分钟，一座大城市倒在了废墟中。住在那里的人有三分之二死亡或受伤。成千上万的孩子失去了父母。地震中死
11、亡或重伤的人数超过40万。Main idea: The terrible damage the earthquake caused Reading and ThinkingParagraph 3 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. About 75 percent of the cilys factories and buildings, 90 percent o
12、f its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone. Bricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away. Most bridges had fallen or were not safe to cross. The railway tracks were now useless pieces of metal. Tens of thousands of cows, hundreds of thousands of pigs, and m
13、illions of chickens were dead. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. People were in shockand then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again. Even more buildings fell down. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last
14、.幸存者所看之处，除了废墟什么也没有。这座城市几乎所有的东西都被摧毁了。大约75%的工厂和建筑、90%的住宅和所有的医院都消失了。砖块像红色的秋叶一样覆盖着地面，但是没有风可以把它们吹走。大多数桥梁已经倒塌或者不安全。铁轨现在是无用的金属片。数万头牛、数十万头猪和数百万只鸡死亡。沙子现在填满了水井，而不是水。人们震惊了然后，那天下午晚些时候，唐山又发生了一次大地震。更多的建筑倒塌了。水、食物和电都很难得到。人们开始怀疑这场灾难会持续多久。Main idea: Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. Reading and ThinkingPar
15、agraph 4 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP But hope was not lost. Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150,00 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survors whose homes ha
16、d been destroyed. Hundreds of thousands of people were helped. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Slowly, the city began to breathe again.但是希望没有失去。地震发生后不久，军队向唐山派遣了15万名士兵来挖出被困人员并埋葬死者。一万多名医生和护士前来提供医疗服务。工人们为房屋被毁的幸存者建造了避难所。成千上万的人得到了帮助。水和食物通过火车、卡车和飞机运进了这座城市。慢慢地，这座城市又开始呼
17、吸了。Main idea: Relief work after the terrible earthquake. Reading and ThinkingParagraph 5 THE NIGHT THE EARTH DIDNT SLEEP Tangshan began to revive itself and get up on its feet again. With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the citys people, a new Tangshan was built upon t
18、he earthquake ruins. The new city has become a home to more than seven million people, with great improvements in transportation, industry, and environment. Tangshan city has proved to China and the rest of the world that in times of disaster, people must unify and show the wisdom to stay positive a
19、nd rebuild for a brighter future.唐山开始复苏，重新站起来。在政府的大力支持和市民的不懈努力下，一个新的唐山建在了地震废墟上。随着交通、工业和环境的极大改善，这座新城市已经成为700多万人的家园。唐山市向中国和世界证明，在灾难时刻，人们必须团结起来，展示智慧，保持乐观，重建美好未来。Main idea: Tangshan began to revive itself and stood up again. Reading and ThinkingRead the text carefully and then write down the main idea o
20、f each paragraph.Paragraph 1：Warning signs before the earthquakeParagraph 2：The terrible damage the earthquake caused Paragraph 3：Nearly everything in the city was destroyed.Paragraph 4：Relief work after the terrible earthquake. Paragraph 5：Tangshan began to revive itself and stood up again. Reading
21、 and ThinkingRead the text again and answer the questions.1. What were some of the strange things happening before the earthquake? Do you think they were warning signs? Why or why not?1. The water in the village wells rose and fell, rose and fell.2. There were deep cracks that appeared in the well w
22、alls. 3. At least one well had some smelly gas coming out of it. 4. Chickens and pigs were too nervous to eat.5. Dogs refused to go inside buildings. 6. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide7. And fish jumped out of the water. 8. At about 3:00a.m, on 28 July 1976, bright lights were
23、seen in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard.They were warning signs. Because before an earthquake, something strange will happen whether you can conceive it or not. Animals are more sensitive than human beings and they can know some disasters ahead of us. Reading and Thin
24、kingRead the text again and answer the questions.2. What does the writer mean by Slowly, the city began to breathe again?The government, soldiers, medical workers and rescue workers worked together to help recover peoples life in Tangshan. The army sent 150,00 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those w
25、ho were trapped and to bury the dead. More than 10,000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for survors whose homes had been destroyed. Water and food were brought into the city by train, truck, and plane. Reading and ThinkingRead the text again and answer the ques
26、tions.3. What kind of help do you think people who have sufffered an earthquake need?food and sheltermedical aidmental support自行自行脑补脑补.Reading and ThinkingUse contextto understand new wordsWhen you see a word you dont know, do not stop to look it up in a dictionary. If you continue reading, the cont
27、ext will probably help you underatnd what it means.Reading skill:猜词是英语阅读需要的重要能力，也是高考英语大纲的要求。大纲规定：阅读理解部分，考生需要理解具体信息、掌握文章大意、猜测生词词义并进行推断。由于考纲允许的生词出现率是3%，这样在一篇400词的文章中就会出现12个左右的生词，这就要求考生积极扩展词汇量，从上下文中猜测词汇的意思；并记忆常见词根、词缀，学会从词的原意推断其引申义等。常用的猜词方法有：1、根据定义和说明词义的同位语或定语猜测词义。2、利用文中的举例猜测词义3、利用文中的同义词或重述猜测词义Reading a
28、nd ThinkingScan the text and find the words below. Guess what they mean from the context.ruin, brick, trap, buryA huge crack, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruin
29、s. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. 根据上文描述的细节，可根据上文描述的细节，可知整座城市已经成为废墟知整座城市已经成为废墟根据下文描述：城里的一切被根据下文描述：城里的一切被完全摧毁，可以推知：废墟完全摧毁，可以推知：废墟ruin废墟废墟Reading and ThinkingScan the text and find the words below. Guess what they mean from the co
30、ntext.ruin, brick, trap, buryBricks covered the ground like red autumn leaves, but no wind could blow them away.根据下文描述：像秋天的根据下文描述：像秋天的落叶散落在地上，但是风落叶散落在地上，但是风却不能吹走，可知：砖块却不能吹走，可知：砖块brick砖块砖块Reading and ThinkingScan the text and find the words below. Guess what they mean from the context.ruin, brick, tr
31、ap, burySoon after the quakes, the army sent 150,00 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 自行脑补自行脑补自行脑补自行脑补trap使陷入使陷入困境困境bury掩埋掩埋Reading and ThinkingScan the text and find the words below. Guess what they mean from the context.ruin, brick, trap, buryA huge crack
32、, eight kilometres long and 30 metres wide, cut across houses, roads, and waterways. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. 根据上文描述的细节，可根据上文描述的
33、细节，可知整座城市已经成为废墟知整座城市已经成为废墟根据下文描述：城里的一切被根据下文描述：城里的一切被完全摧毁，可以推知：废墟完全摧毁，可以推知：废墟ruin废墟废墟Reading and Thinkingu What do you think helped in the revival of Tangshan city?u What other cities or towns have gone through similar changes? What lessons can we learn from these events?Reading and ThinkingHomeworkWrite a letter to thank you those people who helped in the Tangshan earthquake. (80词左右)Thanks！
