1、Unit 4 Natural DisastersVocabulary Expansion1.natural disasters 自然灾害自然灾害 P48-2earthquake地震地震 tornado龙卷风龙卷风wildfire野火野火/山火山火 drought旱灾旱灾landslide/landfall滑坡滑坡 tsunami海啸海啸flood洪水洪水 volcanic eruption火山喷发火山喷发dry adj. 干的；干旱的干的；干旱的drought n. 旱灾旱灾slide-slid-slid-sliding slide v.滑动；滑行滑动；滑行 n.滑梯滑梯2.flood n.洪
2、水；大量洪水；大量 vi.淹没；大量涌入淹没；大量涌入 vt.使灌满水；淹没使灌满水；淹没flood into/in涌入涌入3. rescue n.&vt.营救；救援营救；救援a rescue team/worker 救援队救援队/救援人员救援人员rescue from把把从从营救出来营救出来come to ones rescue=rescue sb. 救援某人救援某人4.damage vt.损害；破坏损害；破坏 n.损坏；损失（作为损坏不可数，损坏；损失（作为损坏不可数，作为损害赔偿金可数）作为损害赔偿金可数）damaged adj.被破坏的被破坏的do/cause damage to对对造
3、成损害造成损害damage ones health损害某人健康损害某人健康5.destroy vt.摧毁；毁灭摧毁；毁灭destruction n.破坏；毁灭破坏；毁灭destroy 指彻底破坏，无法修复指彻底破坏，无法修复damage指部分毁坏，可以修复指部分毁坏，可以修复destroy-destroyed-destroyed-destroyingdestructive adj.毁灭性的毁灭性的6.death n.死；死亡死；死亡die-died-died-dying v.死；死亡死；死亡death rate死亡率死亡率be sentenced to death被判死刑被判死刑birth r
4、ate出生率出生率dead adj.死的死的7.affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动affection n.喜爱；感情；影响；感染喜爱；感情；影响；感染be (greatly/deeply) affected by被被深深打动；深受影响深深打动；深受影响affect=have an effect/influence on对对产生影响产生影响have an affection for喜爱喜爱8.shelter n.避难处；居所；庇护避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）躲避（风雨或危险）under the shelter
5、of sth.在某物的庇护下在某物的庇护下take shelter from躲避躲避9.ruin n.&vt. 破坏；毁坏破坏；毁坏(lie/be) in ruins严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪（作（作“废墟废墟”用复数）用复数）ruin ones hope/health毁掉某人的希望毁掉某人的希望/健康健康go to ruin/fall into ruin衰落；败落衰落；败落10.shock n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.(使）震惊使）震惊in shock 震惊；吃惊震惊；吃惊shocking adj.使人震惊的使人震惊的shocked adj. 震惊的
6、震惊的be shocked at/by sth. 对某事感到震惊对某事感到震惊be shocked that对对感到震惊感到震惊be shocked to see/hear/learn看到看到/听到听到/知道知道很震惊很震惊11. electricity n.电；电能电；电能electric adj.电的电的;电动的电动的electrical adj.电气的电气的electronic adj.电子的电子的12. trap vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n.险境；陷阱险境；陷阱be/get trapped in被困在被困在/陷于陷于traptrappedtrapped-tr
7、appingtrap sb. into doing sth.诱骗某人做某事。诱骗某人做某事。13.bury vt. 埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏bury oneself in （doing）sth. =be buried in （doing）sth. 埋头埋头/专心做某事专心做某事bury ones face/head in把脸把脸/头埋在头埋在_(bury) herself in her study, she didnt know it was snowing outside._(bury) in her study, she didnt know it was snowin
8、g outside. BuryingBuriedburial n.葬礼葬礼14. breathe vi.&vt.呼吸呼吸breath n.呼吸呼吸breathe in/out 吸气吸气/呼气呼气hold ones breath 屏住呼吸屏住呼吸lose ones breath喘不上气喘不上气=be out of breathtake a deep breath 深呼吸深呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的气喘吁吁的breathtaking adj.令人惊叹的令人惊叹的=take ones breath away 15.revive v.复活；（使）苏醒复活；（使）苏醒revival n
9、.振兴；复苏振兴；复苏16.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力努力；艰难的尝试；尽力make efforts/an effort/every effort to do sth.努力做某事。努力做某事。spare no effort to do sth.不遗余力做某事。不遗余力做某事。with/without effort费力地费力地/毫不费力地毫不费力地17.wisdom n.智慧；才智智慧；才智wise adj.明智的明智的18.suffer vt.遭受；蒙受遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦suffering n.痛苦；苦难痛苦；苦难suffe
10、r from 遭受；患病遭受；患病sufferer n. 受难者；患病者受难者；患病者suffer pain/defeat/hardship/damage/losses遭受痛苦遭受痛苦/失败失败/艰难艰难/破坏破坏/损失损失suffer from illness患病患病19.erupt vi.&vt.（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）（火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出喷出eruption n.爆发；突发爆发；突发volcanic eruption火山喷发火山喷发20.supplysuppliedsupplied n.供应（量）；补给；（复数）补给品供应（量）；补给；（复数）补给品vt.供应；供给供应；
11、供给 food/water/gas/electricity supply食物食物/水水/煤气煤气/电供给电供给in short supply供应不足供应不足 supplier n.供应商供应商provide sth. for sb.=provide sb. with sth.supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth.offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物给某人提供某物21.survive vi.生存；存活生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过幸存；艰难度过survivor n.幸存者幸存者survival n.幸存幸存sur
12、vive on = live on 靠靠生存生存survive the war/disaster在战争在战争/灾难中幸存灾难中幸存22.power n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制电力供应；能量；力量；控制力力powerful adj.强有力的强有力的 powerless adj.无权力无权力come to power 上台执政（表动作）上台执政（表动作）be in power执政（表状态）执政（表状态）within/beyond ones power to do sth.某人有能力某人有能力/无能力做某事。无能力做某事。As is known to all, knowledge is powe
13、r.众所周知，知识就是力量。众所周知，知识就是力量。have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力具有做某事的能力23.emergency n.突发时间；紧急情况突发时间；紧急情况emergent adj.新兴的；紧急的新兴的；紧急的in an emergency在紧急情况下在紧急情况下in case of emergency如遇紧急情况如遇紧急情况24.calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静使平静；使镇静calmly adv. 平静地；镇静地；冷静地平静地；镇静地；冷静地stay/keep/remain calm 保持镇静保持镇静calm
14、 (sb.) down （使某人）平静下来（使某人）平静下来calmness n.平静；镇定平静；镇定25.aid n.援助；帮助；救援物资援助；帮助；救援物资 vi.&vt. 帮助；援助帮助；援助first aid kit 急救箱急救箱first aid 急救急救with the aid/help of 在在的帮助下的帮助下aid/assist sb. in （doing) sth.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事aid/help sb. with sth.在某方面帮助某人在某方面帮助某人aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事26.on hand 现有（尤指帮助）现有（
15、尤指帮助）;在手边在手边hand in 上交上交hand out 分发分发hand in hand手拉手手拉手on the one handon the other hand一方面一方面另一方面另一方面27.crash vt.&vi. 碰撞；撞击碰撞；撞击 n.撞车；碰撞撞车；碰撞crash into/onto sth.撞到某物上撞到某物上a car/plane crash 车祸车祸/飞机失事飞机失事28.sweep v.打扫；清扫打扫；清扫sweepsweptsweptsweepingsweep away 消灭；彻底消除消灭；彻底消除sweeper n.清洁工；清扫机清洁工；清扫机29.wa
16、ve n.海浪；波浪海浪；波浪 vi.& vt.挥手；招手挥手；招手wave at/to sb.向某人招手向某人招手30.strike 1.打击打击 v. Strike while the iron is hot.2.敲钟敲钟 v. The clock struck ten.3.擦火柴擦火柴 v. strike a match4.罢工罢工 n. be/go on strike （for) 5.袭击袭击 v.&n. The lion is ready to strike.6.忽然想起忽然想起 v.It strikes sb. that=It hits sb. that=It occurs to
17、sb. that某人忽然想起某人忽然想起strike sb. with用用打某人打某人be struck by被被所打动所打动/被被侵袭侵袭strikestruckstruck/ striken31. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达递送；传达 vt. 发表发表delivery n.递送；分娩递送；分娩deliver a speech/lecture 做演讲做演讲deliver a baby 接生接生deliver sth. to 把某物送到把某物送到被动被动:be delivered to 被送到被送到32. summary n.总结；概括；概要总结；概括；概要summariz
18、e vt.概括；总结概括；总结in summary/in a word/all in all 总而言之总而言之make a summary of 做总结做总结=summarizesummarize ones point 总结某人的观点总结某人的观点33.effect n.影响；结果；效果影响；结果；效果effective adj. 有效的；高效的有效的；高效的 反：反：ineffective 低效的低效的effectively adv.有效地有效地bring/put sth. into effect 实行实行come into effect =take effect生效；开始实施生效；开始实施
19、have an effect/influence on对对有影响有影响cause and effect 因果因果side effect副作用副作用34.length n.长；长度长；长度lengthen v.（使）变长（使）变长long adj.长的长的 adj. n. v.长：长：longlengthlengthen高：高：highheightheighten宽：宽：widewidthwiden深：深：deepdepthdeepen强：强：strong-strength-strengthen背诵五分钟背诵五分钟五分钟后提问五分钟后提问连线。连线。1. sweep away2. cause d
20、amage to3. in ruins4. be deeply affected by5. first aid6. calm down7. rescuefrom8. have an effect on9. deliver a speech10. supply sth. to sb.A.给某人提供某物给某人提供某物B. 把把从从中营救出来中营救出来C.严重受损；破败不堪严重受损；破败不堪D.对对有影响有影响E.消灭；彻底消除消灭；彻底消除F.发表演讲发表演讲G.对对造成损害造成损害H.平静下来平静下来I.深受感动；受到重大影响深受感动；受到重大影响J.急救急救填空。填空。1. Many stud
21、ents _(涌入了）涌入了）the classroom.2. Why didnt you _(来救我）？来救我）？3. Parents _(有影响）有影响）their children.4. I felt _(好像）好像） my heart had stopped.5. The city is _(成为废墟）成为废墟）.flooded into/inrescue me/come to my rescuehave an effect onas if/thoughin ruins填空。填空。6.I am _(震惊）震惊）.7.Lily _(不不遗余力地学习英语）遗余力地学习英语）.8._(我忽然
22、想起）我忽然想起）I didnt do my homework.9.The teacher _(给给我提供了一个好机会）我提供了一个好机会）to improve my English.10.My mom aided me _(clean) my room.in shock/shockedspares no effort to study EnglishIt struck/strikes me thatsupplies a good chance to me/supplies me with a good chanceto clean/(in) cleaning Reading and Thin
23、king根据课文选择。根据课文选择。1.Whats the main idea of the text?A. A terrible earthquake of Tangshan.B. Before the earthquake of Tangshan.C. During the earthquake of Tangshan.D. Damage of the earthquake of Tangshan.根据课文选择。根据课文选择。2.When did the earthquake happen?A. At night on July 28th, 1976.B. On the morning o
24、f July 28th, 1976.C. On the afternoon of July 28th, 1976.D. The writer didnt tell us.根据课文选择。根据课文选择。3.What does the sentence “Slowly, the city began to breathe again.” mean?A. The life in Tangshan began to return to normal.B. The army sent 150,000 soldiers to Tangshan to help people.C. Hundreds of th
25、ousands of people were helped.D. Winds began to blow into the city.Key Words and Phrases1.happen to sb.发生在某人身上发生在某人身上2.strange adj.奇怪的；陌生的奇怪的；陌生的3.in the countryside在农村在农村4.rise and fall升升降降；起起伏伏升升降降；起起伏伏5.at least至少至少 反：反：at most至多至多6.smelly adj.发臭的发臭的 smell n.气味气味 v.闻闻7.tooto太太而不能而不能Key Words and
26、Phrases8.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事拒绝做某事9.mouse n.老鼠老鼠 复数：复数：mice/mouses10.look for寻找寻找11.asleep adj.睡着的睡着的12.as usual像往常一样像往常一样Key Words and Phrases1.It seems as if看起来好像看起来好像e to an end结束结束3.directly adv.直接地；正好；一直接地；正好；一就就4.deadly adj.致命的致命的 dead adj.死的死的5.one third三分之一三分之一 分子基数词；分母序数分子基数词；分母序数词；分子大于一；
27、分母加词；分子大于一；分母加s6.cut across横穿横穿Key Words and Phrases7.waterway n.水路；水道水路；水道8.hard adj.努力的；坚硬的；辛苦的努力的；坚硬的；辛苦的 adv.努力地努力地9.less than少于少于 反：反：more than10.lie in ruins成为废墟；严重受损成为废墟；严重受损lie(撒谎）撒谎）-liedlied-lyinglie(躺；位于）躺；位于）-laylain-lyinglay(下蛋下蛋;放置）放置）-laidlaid-layingKey Words and Phrases13.the number
28、of 的数量的数量+单数谓动单数谓动 a number of+可数名词复数可数名词复数 许多许多+复数谓动复数谓动14.badly adv.严重地；非常；恶劣地严重地；非常；恶劣地15.more than 多于；不仅仅；非常多于；不仅仅；非常11.thousands of成千上万的成千上万的12.leave-left-left-leaving v.离开；留下离开；留下Key Words and Phrases1.everywhere adv.到处；每个地方到处；每个地方2.nothing but只有，仅仅只有，仅仅3.nearly adv.几乎；差不多几乎；差不多 near prep.附近附近
29、4.blow sth. away 刮走；吹走刮走；吹走5.useless adj.无用的无用的 反：反：useful6.tens of thousands of 数万数万7.hundreds of thousands of数十万数十万Key Words and Phrases8.millions of数百万数百万9.instead of代替；而不是代替；而不是10.later adv.后来；随后后来；随后 adj.较晚的较晚的 late adj.迟的；晚的迟的；晚的 be late for latter n.后者后者 the formerthe latter latest adj.最新的；最近
30、的最新的；最近的11.fall down 落下；跌倒；倒塌；失败落下；跌倒；倒塌；失败12.last adj.最后的；上一次的最后的；上一次的 v.持续持续Key Words and Phrases1.soon adv.很快；不久；马上很快；不久；马上2.dig out挖掘；发现挖掘；发现 dig-dug-dug-digging3.be trapped (in) 被困在被困在4.the dead 死者死者 the + adj.表一类人表一类人5.medical care医疗护理医疗护理6.by+交通工具交通工具 Key Words and Phrases1.start to do sth. =
31、begin to do sth.开始做某事开始做某事2.get back up on ones feet重新站起来重新站起来3.tireless efforts不懈的努力不懈的努力 tireless adj.不知疲倦的；孜孜不倦的不知疲倦的；孜孜不倦的4.great improvements 巨大改善巨大改善5.the rest of其余的；剩下的其余的；剩下的Key Words and Phrases6.in times of 在在的时候的时候7.a brighter future一个更美好的未来一个更美好的未来不规则动词不规则动词1. rise2. fall3. run4. see5. h
32、ear6. begin7. shake8. cutrosefellransawheardbeganshookcutrisenfallenrunseenheardbegunshakencut不规则动词不规则动词1. become2. leave3. destroy4. go5. blow6. dig7. build8. bringbecameleftdestroyedwentblewdugbuiltbroughtbecomeleftdestroyedgoneblowndugbuiltbrought根据课文填空1.Some _(smell) gas came out of them.2.Chick
33、ens and even pigs were too nervous _(eat).3.It seemed as _ the world were coming to an end!4.Soon the whole city lay _ ruins.5.Many people died or were _(injure).smellyto eatifininjured根据课文填空5.People were _(shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last.6.The army sent soldiers to dig
34、out those _ were trapped and to bury the dead.7.Workers build shelters for _(survive).8.Slowly the city began to _(breath) again.shockedwhosurvivorsbreatheGrammar 1：主谓一致：主谓一致1.Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or injured.2.About 75 percent of the citys factories and buildings, 90 pe
35、rcent of its homes, and all of its hospitals were gone.“分数分数/百分数百分数+of+名词名词”作主语时，谓语动作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于词单复数取决于of后的名词。后的名词。1.50% of the girls _(want) to go swimming in our class.2.One third of the water _(be) red.3.Only 8 percent of the area _(be) forested.4.About 30 percent of the students in our school
36、 _(be) girls.wantisisareGrammar 1：主谓一致：主谓一致Grammar 2：固定句型：固定句型Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.固定句型：主语固定句型：主语+ be + adj. +to do.1.to do 和主语之间构成动宾关系；和主语之间构成动宾关系；2.adj.通常为表示主语性质、特征的词：通常为表示主语性质、特征的词：difficult, easy, hard, comfortable, good, interesting, exciting. 3.若动词为不及物动词，要加介词。若动词为不及物动词
37、，要加介词。1.English is easy _(learn).2.The sofa is _(comfort) to sit on.3.This book is very interesting _(read).4.Tom is not easy _（get along).to learnGrammar 2：固定句型：固定句型comfortableto readto get along withReading for Writing根据课文回答问题。根据课文回答问题。1.When did the tsunami happen?2.What caused the tsunami?3.Why
38、would it be difficult to deliver food and supplies?It happened on 26 December, 2004.A very powerful earthquake of 9.0-magnitude which happened under the sea off the west coast of Sumatra Island in Indonesia.Dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.Ke
39、y Words and Phrases1.news report新闻报道新闻报道2.release v.释放；发布释放；发布3.hit-hit-hit-hitting v.打击；袭击打击；袭击4.the most powerful最强烈的最强烈的 the+adj.最高最高级级5.crash into coastlines 撞击撞击/席卷海岸线席卷海岸线6.at least/most至少至少/至多至多7.sweep away消灭；彻底消除消灭；彻底消除Key Words and Phrases8.(be) caused by 由由造成造成9.reach a magnitude of 震级达到震级
40、达到10.the undersea quake海底地震海底地震11.off the west coast在西海岸附近在西海岸附近Key Words and Phrases1.some+数字数字 大约大约2.the quake centre震中震中3.the number of 的数量的数量+单数谓动单数谓动 a number of+名词复数名词复数 许多许多+复数谓动复数谓动4.stand at+数字数字 达到达到.5.be affected by 受受影响影响/受受感动感动6.as many/much as 多达多达Key Words and Phrases7.hurt v.使受伤；使疼痛使
41、受伤；使疼痛 adj.（身体）受伤的；（感情）痛苦的（身体）受伤的；（感情）痛苦的8.have breakfast吃早餐吃早餐9.run to safety跑到安全地带跑到安全地带Key Words and Phrases1.be expected to do sth. 被期待做某事被期待做某事/应该应该做某事做某事2.tsunami-hit countries受海啸影响的国家受海啸影响的国家3. “6123”结构结构4.many more/even higher：a lot；a bit；a little；many；much；evenfar；still；any；rather修饰形容词修饰形容词
42、/副词比较副词比较级级不规则动词不规则动词1. sweep2. strike3. stand4. say5. find6. runsweptstruckstoodsaidfoundransweptstruck/strickenstoodsaidfoundranGrammar 1:非谓语动词非谓语动词1.Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake.2.Mice ran out of the fields looking for
43、places to hide.1.过去分词作定语过去分词作定语（名后为定）（名后为定）2.现在分词作状语现在分词作状语主动进行用主动进行用doing被动完成用被动完成用doneto do表目的，未完成表目的，未完成Grammar 1:非谓语动词非谓语动词1.Who is the girl _(invite) to your party last night?2._(sing) a song, the teacher walked in.3.If _(give) more time, we will do it better.4.Tom can sing and _(dance).5.The c
44、hildren _(paly) in the garden look very happy.invitedSinginggivendanceplayingGrammar 2: 原级比较原级比较1.Indian officials said as many as 1,900 had been killed along the southern coast.asas原级比较结构：原级比较结构：1.as+adj./adv.+as和和一样一样Tom is as handsome as Jerry.2.否定形式：否定形式：not as/so+adj./adv.+as表示表示前者不如后者前者不如后者Tom
45、 is not as/so handsome as Jerry.Grammar 2: 原级比较原级比较3.加名词：加名词：as+adj.+(a/an+) n.+asWe have produced as many cars as we did last year.Lily is as beautiful a girl as Lulu.1.This book is not so _(interest） as that one.2.Tom is _thin as Lulu.3.The teacher is as kind a woman _ my mother.4.I am not _ busy
46、as I used to be.interestingGrammar 2: 原级比较原级比较asasas/soGrammar 3:when句型句型1.I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.1.sb. be doing sth. when某人正在做某事某人正在做某事这时这时2.sb. be about to do sth. when某人正要做某事某人正要做某事这时这时Grammar 3:when句型句型4.sb. had (just) done sth. when某人刚做完
47、某事某人刚做完某事这时这时3.sb. be on the point of doing sth. when某人正准备做某事某人正准备做某事这时这时1.He was about _(leave) when his mom arrived.2.I was on the point of _(go) out when the telephone rang.3.We had just finished doing our homework _ the teacher came in.4.We had just_(arrive) home when the rain poured down.to lea
48、veGrammar 3:when句型句型goingwhenarrived写作：写作：练习册练习册Reading for Writing书面表达书面表达事件发生六要素：事件发生六要素：时间时间地点地点范围范围原因原因灾情灾情救援救援Discovering Useful Structures1.a beautiful girl 2.a stone table3. my mother4. I have five apples.5. It is a swimming pool.6.There are many books to be read.7. The girl in the room is ve
49、ry beautiful.8. I like the girl who is singing now. 9.The girl sitting behind me is Lucy.10.The trees planted by my father grow well now.形容词作定形容词作定语语名词作定语名词作定语代词作定语代词作定语数词作定语数词作定语动名词作定动名词作定语语不定式作后置不定式作后置定语（目的，定语（目的，未完成）未完成）介词短语作后置定语介词短语作后置定语定语从句作定语定语从句作定语现在分词作后置定语现在分词作后置定语（主动，进行）（主动，进行）过去分词作后置定语（被动，
50、完成）过去分词作后置定语（被动，完成）定语从句定语从句She is a beautiful girl.定语：定语：修饰名词修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。或代词的成分叫定语。She is a girl who is very beautiful.定语从句：在主从句中，定语从句：在主从句中，修饰名词修饰名词或代词的从或代词的从句叫定语从句。句叫定语从句。Harry Porter is a boy who has magic power.先行词先行词 关系词关系词定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词关系关系副词副词that, which, who, whom, whosewhen, where, why定
