1、 4 Natural DisastersVocabulary Learning Vocabulary Learning natural disastersnature n. 自然；性质；本性；the nature of.的本质in nature 在本质上by nature 天性，本性上natural adj. 自然的；物质的；天生的；天然的； naturally adv. 自然地；自然而然地；The nature of the issue is economic. 这个事情的本质是经济上的。The most amazing thing about nature is its infinite
2、variety. 大自然最让人惊叹的地方在于它的无限多样性。The _(nature) disaster has killed several thousand monkeys. 这场自然灾害已造成几千只猴子死亡。When things go wrong, all of us _(nature) feel disappointed and frustrated.出问题时，我们自然而然都会觉得失望和沮丧。Its an economic issue _. 在本质上，这是一个经济事件。naturalnaturallyin nature damage/destroy/ruindamage n.& v.
3、 损害；损毁；赔偿金；损害；损毁 vt. cause it to become less good, pleasant, or successful(使功能受损，)damaging adj. 具有破坏性的destroy vt. 破坏；消灭；毁坏 cause so much damage to it that it is completely ruined ()destruction n. n. 破坏，毁灭；摧毁 destroyed adj. 被毁的，遭破坏的ruin n. 毁坏；毁灭，废墟；vt.v. 破坏，糟蹋；毁灭，对有灾难性的影响（）fall into ruin 衰落，衰败 financ
4、ial ruin 破产 the ruins废墟in ruins 成为废墟 ruined 坍塌的; 荒废的 Adj. + n in the ruins在废墟中1.If the tree falls that way, it _ the house. 这棵树向那边倒下就会把那所房子压坏。2.It will cause pollution and the _of our seas and oceans. 这会造成对我们的海洋和江河的污染和破坏。3.Drinking and smoking can _ your health. 饮酒和吸烟会损害你的健康。will destroydestructiond
5、amage 4.One dead child was found _ almost two hours after the explosion.一名遇难儿童在爆炸发生近两小时后在废墟中被找到。5.After the earthquake，the school has been _ in the ruinsin ruinsVocabulary Learning deathdie v. 死亡；凋零；熄灭；死于.die for.渴望，切望；为了而死die of.死于.(由于自身疾病，衰老等)die from.死于.，因.而死(由于外部原因如事故，die out 灭绝；消失dead adj. 死了的，
6、死亡的death n. 死亡，死去的人 a matter of life and death 生死攸关的事be frightened/starving/bored/.to death 极度地害怕/饥饿/无聊.In a severe winter, wild animals can _ lack of food. 在寒冷的冬天, 野兽可能因为缺乏食物而饿死.Around fifty people _ hunger every day in the camp. 集中营里每天大约有五十人饿死。The storm is responsible for as many as four _(death).
7、 这场暴风雨造成多达4人死亡。die fromdied ofdeathsVocabulary Learning affect/affection/effectaffect v. vt. 影响；感染；感动；假装affection n. 喜爱，感情；影响 family affection 亲情affection film 爱情电影 show affection 示爱1.effect作讲时，侧重于指身体上的影响；affection侧重于思想上的影响。 2.affection 更多的是作“喜爱，真挚的感情”，此时是不可数名词，后面可接for或者towards；用于复数时，意思是“爱情、感情”。气候和天
8、气影响我们生活的每个方面。 七百多万多人受到了干旱的影响。 I have a great _affection for New York. 我很喜欢纽约。He is hungry for _. 他渴望得到爱。Climate and weather affect every aspect of our lives.More than seven million people have been affected by drought.affectionaffectionVocabulary Learning floodflood n.&v. 洪水；涨潮；淹没，泛滥；大量涌入a flood of
9、complaints 大量投诉in flood 在泛滥under flood 遭受洪灾flood into/in 涌进a flood of.大量.fight the flood 抗洪flood a place with.使.充斥.Large numbers of immigrants _the area. 大批移民涌入了这个地区。Manufacturers are destroying American jobs by_ .制造商们在以廉价进口货充斥市场，破坏了美国人的就业机会。When the Nile is _ , it leaves a layer of mud on the field
10、s. 尼罗河泛滥时，在田野上留下一层泥。flooded into flooding the market with cheap importsin floodVocabulary Learningbreathe/breathbreath n. 呼吸，气息；一口气 breathe vi. 呼吸；低语；松口气breathless adj. 喘不过气来的；停止呼吸的 breathlessly adv. 气喘地；屏息地out of breath 喘不过气来，上气不接下气地breathe in/out 吸气/呼气breathe into 注入breathe regularly 均匀呼吸breathe h
11、ard 呼吸困难breathe a sigh of relief 舒了一口She was slightly _ from running. 她跑过后有点上气不接下气。He _ watched the spider attempt to spin its web for the third time. 他凝神屏息地观看那蜘蛛试图第三次结网。Watching him climb up the cliff, everybody was _ with anxiety. 看着他往悬崖上爬，大家都紧张得不能呼吸。The air was so cold we could hardly_ . 空气非常寒冷，我
12、们难以呼吸。out of breathbreathlesslybreathlessbreatheVocabulary Learningefforteffort n. 努力；成就； 复数 efforts effortless adj. 不费力的，容易的；make an effort to do something 努力去做某事in an effort to do 企图（努力想）；试图要with (an) effort 吃力地，努力地spare no effort to do. 不遗余力be worth the effort 值得努力with effort 努力地without effort 毫不
13、费力地The new students adapted _ to his new surroundings. 新生们不费力地就适应了新环境。You should make an effort _(figure) it out. 你应该努力去弄明白这件事。They are _ to decrease the production costs. 他们正尽力减少生产成本。We should _our environment. 我们应该不遗余力保护环境。effortlesslyto figure making an effortspare no effort to protect Vocabulary
14、 Learningas ifas if 好像，仿佛，似乎在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句；如：She looks as if she were ten years younger她看起来好像年轻了十岁。（虚拟语气）It seems as if our team is going to win看来我们队要胜了。 还可以引导方式状语从句，如：She loves the boy as if she were his mother 她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。（虚拟语气）The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up那孩子跟我们谈起
15、话来，像个成年人似的。（虚拟语气）Vocabulary LearningHomework!Vocabulary Learning5 Read the sentences describing what happened after a huge earthquake. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the new words and phrases from the text.1. The huge earthquake let nearly the whole city _.2. Everyone was_, thinikn
16、g the world must be coming to an end.3. Millions of people were left without water, food, or _. 4. Soldiers and volunteers worked as hard as they could to pull away _ and rocks, and rescue those who were_ under the ruins. 5. Some were found alive, though they were suffering from terible injuris, but
17、 others had already stopped _when they were discovered.6. A few buldings were stil standing, but people were afraid to use them as shelters, worrying they would be _ if the buildings fell. destroyedbricks shelters trapped breathing buried shocked Vocabulary LearningComplete the passage with the corr
18、ect forms of the words below. death destroy survive crash shelter disasterEarthquakes are a form of natural _. They are so powerful that they can cause tall buildings to_ to the ground in just a few seconds. In fact, most of the _ in an earthquake are caused by falling houses or buildings. New resea
19、rch data from earthquake zones is helping architects to design saferbuildings that will not be _ during an earthquake. Instead of being fixed in place like most ordinary buildings, the new buildings they have designed can move. Other researchers have designed small round houses that will not fall do
20、wn when there is a quake. Because the houses are round, they can _srong winds and floods, and are good _during a disaster.The photo below shows a special earthquake-proof house in Sichuan, China. Do you have any other ideas to make houses safer? disasters crash deaths destroyed survive shelters Vocabulary Learning
