1、小魔方站作品小魔方站作品 盗版必究盗版必究第一篇语法知识专题第一篇语法知识专题第一节名词/名词所有格名词(一)名词的分类：名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。类别定义例词专有名词表示具体的人名，事物，地名，组织等名称的词。China，the Great Wall普通名词可数个体名词表个别人或事物的名称teacher，apple集体名词表若干人或事物的名称family，police不可数物质名词表物质或材料的名称water，bread抽象名词表感情等抽象概念的名称love，knowledge3(二)名词的数： 名词按事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。1可数名词：有复数；单数前
2、加a/an。2不可数名词：无复数；不能用a, an 修饰。(1)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化情况构成方法例词特殊名词变内部元音manmen，womanwomen，footfeet，toothteeth单复数同形Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer，fish(中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊、鹿和鱼)完全不规则pennypence，childchildren，mousemice4国人变复数口诀：中日不变英法变，其余一般s加后面。ChinaChinese ChineseJapanJapanese JapaneseEnglandEnglishman EnglishmenFranceFrenc
3、hman FrenchmenGermanyGerman GermansAmericaAmerican AmericansAustraliaAustralian AustraliansIndiaIndian IndiansCanadaCanadian CanadiansItalyItalian ItaliansBrazilBrazilian BraziliansSingaporeSingaporeanSingaporeans KoreaKoreanKoreans5(2)可数名词复数形式的规则变化情况构成方法例词 (口诀)以f或fe结尾一般变f, fe为v再加-es树叶(leaf)半数(half)
4、自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf)，架(shelf)后小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。以o结尾四个单词加-es，其余加-s英雄(hero)和黑人(Negro)喜欢吃西红柿(tomato)和土豆(potato)以辅音字母y结尾变y为i再加-esbabybabies，citycities，dictionarydictionaries(monkeymonkeys“元音字母y”直接加s)以s，x, ch，sh 等结尾加-esbusbuses，boxboxes，watchwatches，wishwishes一般情况加-sbookbooks，tabletable
5、s6(3)不可数名词：分为抽象名词和物质名词，表数量时要用“基数词或不定冠词量词of不可数名词”，注意of后的名词只能用原形。如：a piece of news, two pieces of bread。物质名词食物bread，meat，rice，cheese，fish，beef饮料water，tea，coffee，wine，milk，cola自然物质wood，sand，soil，air抽象名词情感friendship，peace，joy，love概念news，population学科，语言maths，physics，geography，English7名词的形容词转换：nyrainrainy
6、cloudcloudysunsunnyluckluckyhealthhealthynfuluseusefulharmharmful beautybeautifulcarecarefulwonderwonderfulthankthankfulnlessuselesscarecarelesshelphelplessnlyfriendfriendlylovelovelymonthmonthlynnAsiaAsianAmericaAmericanAustraliaAustraliannenwoolwoolenwoodwoodengoldgolden8(三)名词考点1集体名词：family，people
7、，crowd，class，police(1)指整体时，视为单数，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。(2)指成员时，视为复数，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Her family is (be) very big.她家是一个大家庭。Her family are (be) football fans.她全家人都是足球迷。92man，woman 作定语修饰名词时，当表示复数意义时，man, woman 及所修饰的名词均要用复数形式。如：men teachers，women teachers。其余只有后一个名词用复数如：boy students，girl students, apple trees。3短语“a/th
8、is/that pair of 复数名词”作主语时，动词用单数。How much is (be) this pair of shoes?That pair of pants is (be )mine.4“名词介词(with/except.)名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数由介词前的名词决定。Lucy with her friends goes (go) to the park every Sunday.105表时间、金钱、距离的名词作主语时，视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Ten years is (be) a very long time.6常考的不可数名词roomspace 空间；空地There
9、 is no room to put the desk here.news，information，advice，weather，music，pollution, population.7exercise 作不可数名词，意为“锻炼”。作可数名词意为“练习；操”。We should take more exercise.Its good for our health.Doing more eye exercises is good for our eyesight.To get high scores we should do many math exercises every day.11名词
10、所有格(一)名词所有格表示人或物的隶属和所有关系，有两种表示形式：1有生命的名词后加-s。2无生命的名词后加of介词短语。类型构成方法例词有生命的名词 (人或动物)在词尾加-sTonys pen以-s结尾的名词只加-the students textbooks Teachers Day不规则复数名词在词尾加-sWomens Day Childrens Day两人共同拥有某物用A and BsLucy and Lilys mother两人分别拥有某物用As and Bs Lucys and Lilys beds无生命的名词时间、距离在词尾加-s或-twenty minutes walktoday
11、s newspaper其他用“of名词”结构a photo of my family双重所有格of-s所有格a friend of her mothersof名词性物主代词a friend of mine12(二)名词所有格考点1表几十分钟的路程的短语：ten minutes walka tenminute walk2双重所有格和一般所有格的区别：a photo of my sisters (照片属于我姐姐，但照片上的人不一定是我姐姐)；a photo of my sister (照片上的人是我姐姐)3名词所有格表住宅，学校，店铺，诊所(这些名词常省略)the Greens 格林一家at th
12、e doctors在诊所13考点一名词的分类1(2016中考改编)The students didnt find much_about the topic on that website.()A. reportB article C information2(2016中考改编)Look at my stamps.They are very beautiful! Youve got a wonderful_.()A. instruction B description C collection3(2016中考改编)My favorite TV_is A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国)
13、I like it, too. My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.()A. guidebook B program C instructionCCB144(2016中考改编)Someone called you just now.I know. But I was busy at that time. When I called back, there was no _. ()A. voice B soundC answer5(2016中考改编)He will have to watch his _because of
14、 his serious stomach problem.()A. styleB diet C smell6(2016中考改编)The Chinese saying “A tree cant make a forest” tells us that_ is very important in a football match.()AabilityB decision C teamworkCBC157(2016中考改编)A study shows that good habits play a very important_ in childrens education.I think so.(
15、)A. senseB partC reason8(2016中考改编)There are a lot of_of bike riding.I agree. Its good for the environment and it saves money.()AinstructionsBinstrumentsCadvantagesBC16考点二名词的数1(2016中考改编)Mum, Ive heard that we cant eat_these days. Is it true?Take it easy. It is safe to eat cooked meat.()A. chickens B
16、chickenC a chicken2(2016中考改编)I have great_in finishing the work by myself. Can you help me?No problem.()A. funB successC difficultyBC173(2016中考改编)At night in Zunyi, we can see many colorful lights on both_of the streets. ()A. sidesB sideC sides4(2016中考改编)Im happy to see great_have taken place in my
17、hometown. Many new roads have been built. ()A. experiencesB changesC dreams5(2016中考改编)Being honest is the first_if you want to make friends with others.()A. stepB timeC handABA18考点三名词所有格1(2016中考改编)Toms watch is the same as his_.()A. brotherB brothersC brothers2(2016中考改编)Why did they help Mrs.Brown w
18、ith her work?Because she was _.()Aan old friend of themBa good friend of theirsCthe friend of themCB193(2016中考改编)I dont think doing housework is just_work. ()A. womanB womens C women4(2016中考改编)_mother isnt at home, and she has traveled aboard. ()A. Alice and LilysB. Alices and LilysC. Alices and Lil
19、y5(2016中考改编) How far is it from here to the police station? Its about_ride. ()A. forty minuteB. forty minutesC. forty minutes6(2016中考改编)_ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.()A. Jack and MikesB. Jacks and Mikes C. Jacks and MikeBACB20adviceexercisesportsEight-yea
20、r-oldFrenchGermansCACCCA21第二篇语法知识专题第二篇语法知识专题第二节冠词冠词是用于名词前起限定作用的虚词。冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。(一)不定冠词a，an 的区别单词用法口诀(冠词a，an两顶帽，许多名词都需要)例句an开头发音若是元，定把an帽来挑选What an honest boy he is！a开头发音若是辅，一定要把a来套Lets have a rest now.24(二) 不定冠词用法(a, anone)用法示例类指用法用在可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物My sister is an editor.叙述第一次出现的人或物He is
21、a teacher.用在形容词最高级前，表示“非常，很”This is a most beautiful garden.量指用法表示“一”，相当于everyTake the medicine three times a day.用于某些不可数名词前，意为“一次，一阵”There was a heavy rain in our city last night.用于可视为一体的两个名词前I had dinner with a knife and fork.一些固定短语for a while，make a decision25(三) 定冠词(thethis/that/these/those)用法示例
22、用于形容词前表一类人或事物The young should be polite to the old.用于姓氏复数前表一家人或夫妻The Greens are going to have a picnic tomorrow.用于与play连用的西洋乐器名称前He plays the piano/the violin/the guitar very well.“the (adj.)比较级，the(adj.)比较级”表“越越”The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.用在序数词和形容词、副词的最高级前The second g
23、irl is the shortest but she runs the fastest of all.用在世界上独一无二的事物前The earth moves around the sun.特指上文已提到的人或事物My father bought me a gift.The gift is nice.用在双方都知道的人或事物前Pass me the pen on the table.固定搭配the Great Wall, by the way.26(四) 零冠词 (不用冠词)用法示例一日三餐前have breakfast/lunch/supper与play连用的球类、棋类名称前play ba
24、sketball/soccer/chess不可数名词和复数名词前表泛指Man cant live without water.在节日、日期、星期、月份、季节前Spring comes after winter.学科名词前English is an interesting subject.物质名词和抽象名词前Blood is thicker than water.名词前已有指示代词、物主代词等修饰时Every student likes math in our class.序数词前已有物主代词、名词所有格时This is my first time to visit the Summer Pal
25、ace.27零冠词口诀下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前。专有名词不可数，学科球类和三餐。复数名词表泛指，四季星期月份前。颜色语种和国名，称呼习语及头衔。28(五) 冠词考点1以u开头的单词，发字母本身音用a，其余用an。a useful booka European countryan unusual bookan unhappy trip2两个常考的辅音字母开头单词honest，hour前用an修饰。eg.an honest girlhalf an hour3a/an序数词，表示“又一，再一”。The second boy has to take the test a second time.
26、第二个男生不得不又参加了一次考试。294quite a few相当多的I have quite a few friends here.我在这儿有很多朋友。5有无冠词含义差别大的八个短语。in hospital住院in the hospital在医院at table在吃饭at the table在桌边in prison坐牢in the prison在监狱里in front of在.的前面in the front of 在.的前部go to school上学go to the school到学校去go to college上大学go to the college到大学去leave school 毕
27、业leave the school离开学校on earth究竟on the earth在地球上306.the和whole, all连用时的位置the whole storyall the story7国名，城市名，一周七天前不用“the”修饰。China, Japan, Zunyi, Sunday.8country 的两点用法作“乡村”时要加the；作“国家”时常用复数the country the countrysideDifferent countries have different customs.31考点一不定冠词1(2016中考改编)Have you seen_pen? I lef
28、t one at school this morning.Is it_black one？I think I saw it somewhere.()Athe；theBa；aCthe；a2(2016中考改编)Wu Mochou is_very popular singer.She has lots of fans.()AaBanCthe3(2016中考改编) As we know，France is_European country and Korea is_Asian country.()Aan；anBan；aCa；anBAC324(2016中考改编) Though he was_eighty
29、yearold man，he went to college last year.()AaBanCthe5(2016中考改编)Taking photos can be_excellent hobby for kids.()A/BaCanBC33考点二定冠词1(2016中考改编)Youve dropped_“s” in the word “successful”Oh，_ letter “s” is doubled.()Aa；aBa；theCan；the2(2016中考改编)British people say “please” and “thank you” all _ time，and the
30、y always keep their voice down in _ poblic.()Aa；theBthe；/ C/；aD/；/3(2016中考改编)Michael usually plays _ guitar at _ home. ()Athe；theBa；aCthe；/D/；theCBC344(2016中考改编) Whats_most useful invention in the 20th century?_ computer，I think.()Athe；ABa；ACthe；The5(2016中考改编)Many people think that 2012 is one of_mo
31、st successful films.()AaBanCtheCC35考点三零冠词1(2016中考改编)On April 12,1961，_ 27yearold Yuri Gagarin(尤里加加林)became the first human to go into_space.()Athe；/Bthe；theCa；/2(2016中考改编)Did you get there by_bike?No，I took_taxi.()Aa；aB/；aCthe；the3(2016中考改编)The young man plays_violin very well，but he plays_basketbal
32、l badly.()Athe；theBa；aCthe；/CBC364(2016中考改编)In the United States，Fathers Day falls on_third Sunday in_June.()Athe；/Bthe；aC/；the5(2016中考改编) Lily is coming by_plane tomorrow.Lets go to_airport to meet her.()Aa；aB/；aC/；theAC37Cthe sunAAAtheB去掉去掉theBa piece ofBan38第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第三节代词(一) 人称代词、物主代词、反身
33、代词单数复数用法第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe，she，itweyouthey作主语宾格meyouhim，her，itusyouthem作宾语物主代词形容词性myyourhis，her，itsouryourtheir后跟名词名词性mineyourshis，hers，itsoursyourstheirs单独使用反身代词myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves固定搭配41物主代词用法口诀物主代词分两种，形容词性名词性。两种代词形不同，添个s形变名。his，its不用变
34、，my变mine要记清。42(二) 不定代词1some，any 的用法2.a few，few，a little，little的用法 (句中有only，just，still时要用a few/a little)some1.常用于肯定句，表示“一些”；2.用于比较委婉的一般疑问句。Would you like some.？any1.用于否定句或一般疑问句；2.用于肯定句，表示“任何”的意思。You can ask me any question.修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词用法a few几个a little一些表肯定few很少little很少表否定433.each/either/both/all/ne
35、ither/none单词意义谓语动词相同点each每一个 (2)单数形式都能与of 短语连用都能单独作主语either两者中的任何一个单数形式both两者都复数形式all都 (3)复数形式neither两者都不单数形式none (3)都不单/复数形式44 4.one.the other/one.another/some.the others/some.others one the other one another some the others some others45(三) 指示代词，疑问代词(四) 疑问代词单数复数用法thisthese指近的事物thatthose指远的事物疑问代词意义
36、基本用法例句who谁主格Who are you waiting for？whom谁宾语With whom did you go swimming？whose谁的形容词性Whose book is this？46(五) 代词考点1第一、二、三人称主格作主语时排序单数形式：二，三，一；复数形式：一，二，三eg. You, he and I all like watching the World Cup.We, you and they all go to Brazil.2other和else 的区别else 常与疑问词，不定代词连用。what else/anything else/anyone e
37、lseother后跟名词复数。other students/schools/rooms473each和every的区别each常和of连用。Each of us has many problems.every不和of连用，every后跟名词单数。Every student in our class likes PE.4no one和none的区别who提问的句子回答时常用no one来答。Who can answer this question？No one.none 常和of连用。None of us has gone abroad so far.485too many，many后跟可数名词
38、复数。too much，much后跟不可数名词。much too后跟形容词。too many studentstoo much watermuch too heavy6表比较时用that指代前文出现的不可数名词，可数名词复数用those指代。The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Zunyi in winter.7one/it用法比较one代替前文提到的同类事物 (非原物)；it代替前文提到的同一事物 (原物)。Tom has a pet cat.Its very cute.I want to have one like it，to
39、o.498反意疑问句中everyone用they或he反问，everything用it来反问。Everyone has a book，dont they/doesnt he?Everything is OK，isnt it?9电话用语中this指“我”，that指“你”。10重点反身代词固定搭配：teach oneselflearn.by oneself自学enjoy oneselfhave a good time玩得高兴help oneself to 随便吃、用leave sb.by oneself把某人单独留下come to oneself 苏醒all by oneself 全靠某人自己f
40、or oneself 亲自50考点一人称代词1. (2016中考改编)Tell Sally to call_， please. ()AmyBmeCmine2(2016中考改编)Healthy food and exercise help_to study better. ()AusBweCour3(2016中考改编)Who taught_English last year?Nobody.He taught himself. ()AhimBherCyou4(2016中考改编)How are your grandparents? Please say hello to_for me. ()Athe
41、yBthemCthemselvesBAAB51考点二物主代词1(2016中考改编)The scarf is very nice.Is it_？Yes, but Ill give it to my friend Lucy as_birthday present. ()Ayou; herByour; herCyours; her2(2016中考改编)Are these pens_？No, they are not mine. They belong to_.()Ayour; herByours; herCyou; hers3(2016中考改编)Oh! I came in a hurry and f
42、orgot to bring food.It doesnt matter.You can have_.()AweBusCoursCBC524(2016中考改编)Its said that having long hair with students is not allowed to enter your school.Thats true. Its a new rule in_school. ()AmyByourCher5(2016中考改编)This is_classroom, but where is ours? ()AtheyBthemCtheirAC53考点三反身代词1(2016中考改
43、编)I could take care of_when I was five.Really？I cant believe it.()AmyselfBherselfChimself2(2016中考改编)How did your brother learn to play the guitar?By_.()AmyselfByourselfChimself3(2016中考改编)If our parents do everything for us children，we wont learn to depend on_.()AthemBusCourselvesACC544(2016中考改编)Is t
44、his model plane yours，Susan?Yes，its mine.Its made by_.()AmyselfByourselfChimself5(2016中考改编)His name is Thomas，but he usually calls_Tom.()AhimBhimselfCherAB55考点四不定代词1(2016中考改编)Could you come over to my house on Tuesday or Wednesday?Im afraid_day is possible.()AeitherBbothCneither2(2016中考改编)I prefer r
45、eading to speaking in English learning.Oh，really！I think you should be good at_of them.()AbothBneitherCsome3(2016中考改编)Youre late again.Do you have anything to say for yourself?_except sorry.()ASomethingBNothingCAnythingCAB564(2016中考改编)_is waiting for you at the gate.He wants to say thanks to you.()A
46、EverybodyBNobodyCSomebody5(2016中考改编)New Zealand has two islands.One is North Island and_is South Island.()AanotherBthe otherCotherCB57考点五指示代词、疑问代词1(2016中考改编)_ is that woman over there?She is Dicks aunt.()AWhichBWhatCWho2(2016中考改编)Do you know_this notebook belongs to?Let me see.Oh，its_.()Awho does; m
47、ineBwho; mineCwhose; mine3(2016中考改编)_is her son?The boy on the left wearing black jeans.()AWhoBWhatCWhichCBC584(2016中考改编)_ is your sister，Jim? Shes a journalist from CCTV.()AWhatBHowCWho5(2016中考改编)Excuse me，_ is the way to the nearest supermarket？ ()AwhereBwhichCwhyAB59Ceither BusAEachBlikesBhisAnot
48、hing 60第三篇语法知识专题第三篇语法知识专题第四节数词(一) 基数词数字基数词形式例词012各自独立，需强记zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve1319以-teen结尾特殊：thirteen, fifteen, eighteen一般：fourteen, sixteen, seventeen, nineteen2090整十数以-ty结尾特殊：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty，eighty一般：sixty, seventy, ninety两位数(几
49、十几) 整十数连字符个位数twenty-one, thirty-two, forty-three，fifty-four, sixty-five, seventy-six,eighty-seven, ninety-eight63数字基数词形式例词三位数(几百几) 个位数hundred and末尾两位数或末位数215：two hundred and fifteen多位数从右向左每隔三位数加一个逗号，依次为thousand，million，billion89,999,866,266：eighty-nine billion，nine hundred and ninety-nine million，ei
50、ght hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and sixty-six64(二) 序数词数字序数词变化规则例词13特别记first, second, third419八后少t，九减e，五、十二ve变f，再加th；其他为“基数词th”特殊：eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth一般：fourth, sixth, seventh, tenth, eleventh, thirteenth, fourteenth, fifteenth, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth, nineteenth20
