1、动词动词谓语动词谓语动词时态、语态时态、语态虚拟语气虚拟语气非谓语动非谓语动词词不定式不定式动名词动名词分词分词现在分词现在分词过去分词过去分词动词的分类动词的分类时态和语态的主要考点时态和语态的主要考点1 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：的时态为：一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、现在进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去进行、现在完成、过去完成、现在完成进行、过去将来等。进行、过去将来等。2 2、时间、条件、让步等、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态状语从句中动词的时态； 主从
2、句时态主从句时态呼应问题。呼应问题。3 3、几种时态的替代问题几种时态的替代问题. .一般现在一般现在4. every , sometimes,at , on Sundays 现在完成现在完成现在进行现在进行过去进行过去进行过去完成过去完成过去将来过去将来一般将来一般将来一般过去一般过去1. for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, in the past years, up to now, in the past years, recently 5. yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day
3、, in 1982, just now 2. 多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作语动作以后的动作6. before, 8. next, tomorrow, in 3. now7. this morning, the whole morning, all day, at 8 last evening, from nine to ten last evening48713625最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配最常用的几种时态与时间状语的搭配一般现在一般现在every , sometimes,现在进行现在进行now, 现在完成现在完成for, since, so
4、 far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in the past years, always, recently 一般过去一般过去yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 过去进行过去进行this morning, the whole morning, all day, from nine to ten last evening when过去完成过去完成before一般将来一般将来next, tomorrow, in 过去将来过去将来多用
5、在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的多用在间接引语中表示发生在谓语动作以后的动作动作解动词填空题解动词填空题“三步曲三步曲”1.I (have) this book for 2 weeks.have hadare planted一看时间状语一看时间状语2.Every year, many trees (plant) along the river. 3.Keep quiet, please! They (have) a lesson.are having4.-Hi,Lin Tao. I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I (get) ready for the
6、 exam.was getting5.Tom (go) to bed early， but his brother doesnt.6. Listen! Jims radio (make) a loudnoise. Would you please tell him to turn it down? goesis making二观上下文联系二观上下文联系 三找隐含条件三找隐含条件1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法1 1） 经常性或习惯性的动作经常性或习惯性的动作1. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since
7、the new year.A .will play B. have played C. played D. playHe plays Ping-Pong quite well. 1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法2 2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或客观真理，客观存在，科学事实或表示格言或警句。警句。 Knowledge begins with practice. She said that the sea water is salty. In some parts of the world, such as in England , tea _ with milk and
8、sugar.A. is serving B. serves C. is served D. served1 1 一般现在时的用法一般现在时的用法 3 3）按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。按火车、汽车、飞机等时刻表将要发生的事。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时句中有时有将来的时间状语，但不用将来时。此时主语是物：车，船，飞机等此时主语是物：车，船，飞机等 The train leaves at three this afternoon. 4 4）在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用在时间、条件、方式、让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替一般将来时。一般现在时代替一般将来时。
9、 If it is fine tomorrow ,we will go to the countryside. 2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 1 1）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。）表示过去发生的，和现在没有联系的动作或状态。1.-Look! Someone has spilt （溢出）（溢出）coffee on the carpet.（地毯）（地毯） -Well , it _ me. A. isnt B. wasnt C. hasnt been D. hadnt been2.-Ive bought a box of chocolates for our daught
10、er. -Oh, how good a dad! But she doesnt like sweet things. _ that? A. Dont you know B. Havent you known C. Didnt you know D. Hadnt you known3.-Was Mary in the office when you arrived there? -Yes , but she _soon afterwards. A. had left B. left C. would leave D. will leave2 2 一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法 2 2）注意：一
11、般过去时与过去进行时的区别注意：一般过去时与过去进行时的区别： 一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行一般过去时表示一个完成的动作，而过去进行时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。时则表示一个没有完成且正在进行的动作。 I wrote a letter this morning. 今天上午我今天上午我写写了了一封信。（信已写完）一封信。（信已写完） I was writing a letter this morning. 今天上今天上午我午我在写在写一封信。（正在写，不一定写完）一封信。（正在写，不一定写完） 1.-Has Tommy finished his job yet? -I hav
12、e no idea of it ; he _ it this morning. A. was doing B. had been doing C. has done D. did2.As she _ the newspaper, Granny _asleep. A . read, was falling B. was reading ,fell C. was reading, was falling D. read ,fell3. 一般将来时1 .1 .一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注一般将来时表示计划、打算、企图做某事或来注定要发生的事情。定要发生的事情。2 .2 .表示将来时的四
13、种形式表示将来时的四种形式will /shall +will /shall +动词原形动词原形be going to do be going to do be about to do(be about to do(正要干什么正要干什么) )be to do be to do be going to be going to 有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而有很强的计划性，打算干什么，而willwill表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然表示谈话时临时决定的意图，具有临时性和偶然性。性。 -The telephone is ringing.-The telephone is ringing.
14、-I _ answer it. -I _ answer it.A. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about toA. will B. am going to C. am to D. am about to -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was
15、 going to D. did A. had B. would C. was going to D. did be going to be going to 可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而可用来表达某种迹象要发生的事。而will will 不能表示不能表示 Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.Look at the clouds! Its going to rain.3. be to3. be to和和be going to be going to 表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发表示约定、计划或职责、义务要求即将发生的动作。生的动作。 be t
16、o do be to do 安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，安排将要干什么，有很强的计划性，有时有时=be going to=be going tobe to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事. .be going to be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.I am to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon.Im going
17、 to play football tomorrow afternoon.4 4be about to do be about to do 表示表示“正要干什么正要干什么”， 表示即将发生的动作，表示即将发生的动作，不与表示将来的时间状语连用不与表示将来的时间状语连用。常与常与when when 连用，连用，when when 此时意思：此时意思： 就在这时，是并列连就在这时，是并列连词词 构成句型：构成句型： be about to do be about to do whenwhen. . I I was about to was about to leave leave when whe
18、n it rained. it rained. 特别注意特别注意（1 1）一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机一般现在时表示将来，特别用于车、船、飞机等时刻表中安排好的。等时刻表中安排好的。The plane leaves tomorrow.(The plane leaves tomorrow.(尽管有尽管有tomorrow, tomorrow, 但没有但没有will ,be going to )will ,be going to )（2 2）某些瞬间动词某些瞬间动词“go, come, arrive ,leave ,start, go, come, arrive ,leave ,star
19、t, begin, fly, take ”begin, fly, take ”等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动等用现在进行时表示将要发生的动作。作。 Ive won a holiday for two to FloriaIve won a holiday for two to Floria. I _my mum. I _my mum. A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have been been 4. 现在进行时 1 1表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成
20、的动作或状态。表示说话时正在进行而尚未完成的动作或状态。2 2表示现阶段一直在进行的动作表示现阶段一直在进行的动作 ，但说话时不一定正，但说话时不一定正在进行。在进行。I dont really work here. Im helping until the I dont really work here. Im helping until the new secretary comes.new secretary comes.Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no Selecting a mobile phone for persona
21、l use is no easy task because technology_ so rapidly. easy task because technology_ so rapidly. A. will have changed B. has changed A. will have changed B. has changed C. is changing D. will change C. is changing D. will change5.过去进行时 1 1表示表示 过去某一时间正进行的动作过去某一时间正进行的动作 。通常有时间。通常有时间状语（从句），或由上下文表示。状语（从句
22、），或由上下文表示。 1.-Hey ,look where you are going?1.-Hey ,look where you are going? -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. -Oh, Im terribly sorry ._. A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing A. Im not noticing B. I dont noticing C. I havent noticing D. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D. I wasnt noticing 2.-Hey ,wh
23、at did I say? 2.-Hey ,what did I say? -I _. -I _. A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I A. Im not listening B. I was not listening C. I dont listened D. I didnt listendont listened D. I didnt listen3 3 在简单句中有在简单句中有at that time, then , this at that time, then , this time yesterday / last we
24、ek, at 10 time yesterday / last week, at 10 oclock last nightoclock last night 等具体的时间状语等具体的时间状语用过去进行时态。用过去进行时态。I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at I first met Lisa three years ago . She _ at a radio shop at the time.a radio shop at the time.A.A. has worked B. was working has worked B. was wo
25、rking C. had been working D. had workedC. had been working D. had worked特别注意：特别注意：与与alwaysalways连用，表示感情色连用，表示感情色彩。彩。My brother was always losing his key.My brother was always losing his key.6. 现在完成时1 1表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，响或结果， 有时没有时间状语，有时有时有时没有时间状语，有时有时间状语。间状语。They have cleaned
26、the classroom.(TheyThey have cleaned the classroom.(They cleaned cleaned the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)the classroom and the classroom is clean now.)2 2 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能表示过去已经开始，持续到现在而且可能继续下去的动作状态。继续下去的动作状态。He hasnt given me any more trouble since then.He hasnt given me any more tr
27、ouble since then.-When did he go to America?-When did he go to America? -Oh, he _ there since half a year -Oh, he _ there since half a year ago.ago. A. went B. has been C. has gone D. was A. went B. has been C. has gone D. wasShelly _ California for Texas and _ Shelly _ California for Texas and _ th
28、ere ever since. You can go and pay her a visit there ever since. You can go and pay her a visit on your way to Mexico.on your way to Mexico. A. left, worked B. has left, had worked A. left, worked B. has left, had worked C. left, has worked D. has left , workedC. left, has worked D. has left , worke
29、d7.过去完成时 1 1表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作，即的动作，即“过去的过去过去的过去”。请记住：请记住：by the end of +by the end of +过去时间过去时间be the time +be the time +从句（用一般过去时）引导的句从句（用一般过去时）引导的句子或主句用过去完成时）子或主句用过去完成时）1. The old man _ two days after he had been sent to hospital. A. died B. would die C. had died D. has die
30、d 2. Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but soon _ to his old ways. A. returned B. returns C. was returning D. had returned 4. I _ to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. A. hope B. have hoped C. had hoped D. hoped 5. Helen _ her key in the office so she had to wait un
31、til her husband _ home. A. has left; comes B. left; had come C. had left; came D. had left; would come 8.现在完成进行时构成：构成：have /has been doinghave /has been doing表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也表示过去某一动作状态一直持续到现在，也可能将持续下去。可能将持续下去。 -Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work?-Isnt it hard to drive downtown to work? -Yes,
32、that why I _ to work by train. -Yes, that why I _ to work by train. A. have been going B. have gone A. have been going B. have gone C. was going D. will have gone C. was going D. will have gone 9. 9.将来完成时将来完成时： will / shall +have done will / shall +have done 表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示将表示将来某一时间之前完成的动作，常与表示
33、将来时间的状语连用，来时间的状语连用，如：如： by the end of+by the end of+将来时间的短语将来时间的短语, , by the time + by the time +从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来从句（从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时时），这时句子或主句应用将来完成时 We will have finished the work by the time he comes We will have finished the work by the time he comes back.back.10.10.一般将来进行时一般将来进行时
34、； will be dong / shall be doing will be dong / shall be doing 表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作 What will you be doing this time tomorrow?What will you be doing this time tomorrow?1.By the end of this month, we surely _ a satisfactory solution to the problem. A. have found B. will be found C. will have
35、 found D. are finding 2.The conference _ a full week by the time it ends. A. must have lasted B. will have lastedC. would last D. has lasted 1.He stepped into the office, _ down and began to fill in the forms. A. sitting B. to sit C. sat D. having it2.She said she would telephone but we _from her so
36、 far. A.havent heard B.didnt hear C.hadnt heard D.wont hear3.When I got to the cinema, the film_for ten minutes. A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was4.Ill go with you as soon as I_my homework. A.will finish B.finish C.am finishing D.finished5.If it_tomorrow,I wont go to the cinema. A.will rai
37、n B.rains C.is raining D.rained6.She is going to be a nurse when she_up. A.is going to grow B.grows C.growing D.grew7.“这本书我已经买了三个月了。这本书我已经买了三个月了。”，下列哪一句不对？，下列哪一句不对？ A.I have had this book for three months. B.I have bought this book for three months. C.I bought this book three months ago. D.It is thr
38、ee months since I bought this book.8. Come in, Peter, I want to show you something. Oh, how nice of you! I _ you _ to bring me a gift. A.never think; are going B.never thought; were going C.didnt think; were going D.hadt thought; were going9.When I was at college I _ three foreign languages,but I _
39、all except for a few words of each. A.spoke;had forgotten B.spoke;have forgotten C.had spoken;had forgotten D.had spoken;have forgotten10.The police found that the house _ and a lot of things _. A.has broken into; has been stolen B.had broken into; had been stolen C.has been broken into; stolen D.ha
40、d been broken into; stolen11.The volleyball match will be put off if it_. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining12.Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger. A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes13.The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office. A. had written
41、; left B. were writing; has left C. had written; had left D. were writing; had left14. Have you moved into the new house? No yet, the rooms _, A. are being painted B. are painting C. are painted D. are being painting15. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was
42、happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened16. Do you know our town at all? No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming17. We could have walked to the station.It was so near. Yes, A taxi _ at all necessary. A. wasnt B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wont
43、be18.If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have to D. do not keep; have to19.Tom _ into the house when no one _. A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; look
44、ed C. slipped; had looked D. was slippping; looked20.The last time I _ Jane she _ cotton in the fields. A. had seen; was picking B. saw; picking C. had seen; picked D. saw; was pickingDo you remember these sentences？1. A man is hurt badly. 2. Her lost books were usually returned to the library.3. It
45、 must be called a pen.Who wrote this book?Mark Twain wrote this book.=This book _by Mark Twain.was written被动语态被动语态:表示主语是动作的小窍门：小窍门： 我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成：我们可以这样看被动语态的基本构成： be + 及物动词的过去分词及物动词的过去分词表示时态表示时态 表示被动表示被动 要变化要变化 不变化不变化1. It is produced in China.2. The tradition was revived by students承受者例如： 语态语态时
46、态时态主动主动被动被动一般现在时一般现在时v. /v.sam /is /are + Vp.p一般过去时一般过去时vedwas / were + Vp.p一般将来时一般将来时will + v.will be + Vp.p过去将来时过去将来时would + v.would be + Vp.p过去完成时过去完成时had + Vp.phad been + Vp.p现在完成时现在完成时have /has + Vp.phave /has been + Vp.p将来完成时将来完成时will have + Vp.pwill have been + Vp.p现在进行时现在进行时am /is / are + Vi
47、ngam /is /are + being + Vp.p过去进行时过去进行时was /were + Vingwas /were + being + Vp.p注意一：注意一：使用被动语态的场合使用被动语态的场合 1.不知道或不必指出动作的执行者时。如:（1）Computers are widely used in transport.2.强调动作的承受者时。如：A library will be built in this city.注意二：注意二：“be + 过去分词” 并非都是被动语态，系动词 be, feel, seem, look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，表示某种状态。
48、例如：1. Im interested in mathematics.2. He seems unsatisfied with his work.3. Tom was surprised at the news. 注意三：注意三：某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含某些动词用主动语态来表示被动含义义 lock, open, shut, move, read, sell, wash, write等动词,用来说明主语的性质特征而不强调被执行者的动作时,用主动形式表达被动意义,且常与not, hardly, well, easily, badly, nicely等副词连用。如:1. The door do
49、esnt open easily.2. Bikes of that kind hardly sell.1. need, want, require等动词以及形容词worth后面,常跟动词-ing形式,用主动形式表达被动意义。如:This dictionary is well worth buying.2. easy, difficult, hard, heavy等形容词后面跟动词不定式,用主动形式表被动意义。如:What life will be like in the future is difficult to predict.注意四：注意四：3.不定式作定语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语、间接宾语或说话人时,用动词不定式的主动形式表被动意义。如:She has an old grandfather to look after.4.本身就是被动意义： be to blame(应受惩罚) come up（被提出）Its not my fault. She is to blame.
