1、Section Discovering Useful Structures 第一版块第一版块|核心单词核心单词1.function n功能；作用；机能vi.起作用；正常工作；运转(教材P30)TheyvebuiltakindofnewPCwithmorefunctions.他们制造了一种功能更多的新电脑。thefunctionofapoliceman警察的职责thefunctionofaclock钟表的功能thefunctionoftheheart心脏的功能perform/servevitalfunction起重要作用functionas起作用；具有功能functionasamobilepho
2、ne具有移动电话的功能联想拓展：perform/fulfilla(n).function履行职责，发挥作用performavarietyoffunctions履行多种职责functionwell/normally运转良好/正常Inyournewjobyouwillperformavarietyoffunctions.在新的工作岗位上，你将要履行许多不同的职责。Thesofaalsofunctionsasabed.这沙发还可当床用。FlightsinandoutofTaipeiarefunctioning normallyagain.进出台北的航班又恢复正常了。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Co
3、mparedtothetraditionalones,theyhavethreenewunique_(function)Althoughtheelectricitywascutoff,thehospitalcontinuedto_(正常运转)Toputitanotherway,hisadvice_(起作用)partofthesolution.functionsfunction normallyfunctions as2.confirm vt.确认；使确信；证实；证明；批准confirmation n证实；确认书；证明书(教材P30)HaveyouconfirmedtheWi-Fipasswor
4、d？你确认Wi-Fi密码了吗？confirmthat/wh-证实Ithasbeenconfirmedthat.已经证实confirmsb.insth.使某人确信某事confirmsb.assth.任命某人担任某职位Whatyouhavesaidconfirmsmyprediction.你的话证实了我的预测。It has been confirmed thatpeoplearemorelikelytogetillunderpressure.已经证实，人们在压力下更容易生病。Thelatestevidenceconfirmed us inhisidea.最新的证据证实了他的观点。Hewasconf
5、irmed ascaptainfortherestoftheseason.他被正式任命在这个赛季剩下的时间内担任队长。Beforechoicesarefinalised, parents/carers will be asked to sign to confirm their childs choices.在最终决定之前，家长/照料者将被要求签字确认他们孩子的选择。Heproved(tobe)agreatwriter.事实证明他是一位优秀的作家。/他证明是一位优秀的作家。词语辨析：confirm与prove(1)confirm和prove均可作及物动词，后接宾语；(2)prove还可作连系动
6、词用，意为“证明是，被发现是”，后接形容词或名词作表语，常用固定搭配是prove(tobe)adj./n.。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子It_(confirm)byexperiencethatthisistherightapproachtothecommandofgrammar.Theofficial_(confirm)thatthepaintingswereoriginalsandworthasmuchas$50million.Hiswordsconfirmedme_mybeliefthatourcausewasright.ThePresidentconfirmedhim_Secretar
7、yofState._(已经证实)itwasthedriverscarelessnessthatresultedintheterribleaccident.We_(证实了那则报道)is confirmedconfirmedinasIt has been confirmed thathave confirmed the report3.press vt.按；压；敦促pressure n压力(教材P30)Haveyoupressedthebuttonyettocopythefile？你按下按钮复制文件了吗？pressagainststh.紧贴着某物press.against/on.把按在上press
8、abutton/switch/key按下按钮/开关；按键Theshoespress againstmytoes.这双鞋压着我的脚趾。Press the button, thenthemachinewillwork.按下电钮，机器就能转动了。词语拓展：beunderpressuretodosth.面临做某事的压力putpressureonsb.给某人施加压力bloodpressure血压reducepressure减轻压力giveintopressure屈服于压力underpressuretoresign被迫辞职的压力dealwithpressure应对压力即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Inre
9、centyears,stresshasbeenregardedasacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighblood_(press)tomentalillness.Michaeltookafewstepsbackwardsandpressedhisback_thewall.Im_(处于压力下)frommyparentstobecomeateacher.Thecompanymayhave_(对施加压力)hertoagree.pressureagainst/onunder pressureput pressure on 第二版块第二版块|单元语法单
10、元语法现在完成时的被动语态现在完成时的被动语态即学即练单句语法填空1Wildlife_(threaten)greatlyinthemodernage.Therearespecies(物种)thataredisappearingeveryday.2A90-year-old_(award)“WomanOfTheYear”forbeingBritainsoldestfull-timeemployeestillworking40hoursaweek.3Whilemuchofthedebatesofar_(focus)onthesafetyofdriverlesscars(andrightfullyso
11、),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.4Useafireextinguisheronlyifyou_(train)todoso.has been threatenedhas been awardedhas been focusedhave been trained5Moransaysoneoftheproblemswithjazzto
12、dayisthattheentertainmentaspectofthemusic_(lose)6Despitethepreviousroundsoftalks,noagreement_(reach)sofarbythetwosides.7Wewontstarttheworkuntilallthepreparations_(make)8Sarah_(tell)thatshecouldbeBritainsnewsupermodel,earningamilliondollarsinthenextyear.9Hestheonlystudentintheclassthat_(select)totake
13、partintheModelUnitedNationsconference.10Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms_(produce)allovertheworld.has been losthas been reachedhave been madehas been told/was toldhas been selectedhave been produced.现在完成时的被动语态的2个用法1表示动作已经完成，强调对现在造成的影响或结果，经常与一些副词连用，如：already，ever，never，recently，lately，just，yet等，通常把这
14、些副词放在助动词have或has的后面，有时候也可以放在句末。Tomsnovelhas not been publishedyet.汤姆的小说还没有出版。2表示一直持续到现在的动作或状态，经常与foratime，since，howlong，sofar等表示一段时间的时间状语连用。Thechildhas been taken care ofbygrandmaalltheseyears.这些年来，孩子一直由奶奶照看。【名师点津】现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，就是have/has和been，这两个都是助动词，缺一不可。.现在完成时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别一般过去时的被动语态表示的是
15、一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，它的结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时的被动语态，动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但强调这个动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。*Thehousewas builtlastyear.这个房子是去年建造的。*Thehousehas been built.Wecanmovein.这个房子已经建好了。我们可以搬进去。.几点注意事项1由finish，buy，start，begin，post，return，borrow，marry，open等词构成的现在完成时的被动语态，不能与表示一段时间的状语(如：forfourdays，howlong等)连用，而要改换动词或者是时态。试比较：
16、*Howlonghasthisbookbeenbought？()*Howlongagowasthisbookbought？()2短语动词不能分割，而且不能省略短语动词中的介词或副词。试比较：*Thepatienthasbeentakengoodcare.()*Thepatienthasbeentakengoodcareof.()3并不是所有的动词都有被动语态。如：happen，occur，takeplace，breakout，belongto，cost，last等不及物动词或词组，就没有被动语态。试比较：*Someofthebestconversationshaveeverbeenhappen
17、edaroundthedinnertable.()*Someofthebestconversationshaveeverhappenedaroundthedinnertable.()基础知识自测.单句语法填空1Agreatmanymachines_(produce)bythefactorysincethetechnologicalrevolution.2Greatchanges_(take)placeinmyhometownandalotoffactories_(set)upinthepasttenyears.3Inthelastfewyears,thousandsoffilms_(produ
18、ce)allovertheworld.4Uptonow,alotofhigh-risebuildings_(build)inourcity.5Overthepastthreeyears,morethan$10million_(spend)carryingouttheproject.have been producedhave takenhave been sethave been producedhave been builthas been spent6Therobots_(use)tohelphumansdosomedangerousworksincethelate1990s.7TheEn
19、glishsong_(sing)formanyyears,butwestilllikeit.8ProfessorYang_(invite)tothefilmfestivaltwicesofar.9OvertimeI_(change)quitealot.10It_(use)inofficesandhomessincethe1970s.have been usedhas been sunghas been invitedhave been changedhas been used.句型转换1WehavesentsomerocketstospacetoexploretheMoonandMars.So
20、merockets_tospacebyustoexploretheMoonandMars.2RoberthasboughtaniPhoneusinghisownmoney.AniPhone_byRobertusinghisownmoney.3Thefamouscompanyhasgiventhecomputersawaytothosehighschools.Thecomputers_bythefamouscompanytothosehighschools.have been senthas been boughthave been given away4Thelocalgovernmentha
21、schosentheuniversitytoorganizethetrainingcourse.Theuniversity_bythelocalgovernmenttoorganizethetrainingcourse.5TheyhaventtoldmethatthemeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday.I_thatthemeetingwillbeputoffuntilnextFriday.6Peopleusebambooinmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears.Bamboo_inmanydifferentwaysforthousandsofyears.has been chosenhavent been toldhas been used
