1、Mogao CavesMogao Caves-Official introduction from UNESCOReading comprehension training Brief introductionBrief introductionWhat is Mogao Caves?What is Mogao Caves?Located at a strategic point along the Silk Route, at the crossroads of trade as well as religious, cultural and intellectual influences,
2、 the 492 cells and cave sanctuaries（圣殿） in Mogao are famous for their statues and wall paintings, spanning（横跨） 1,000 years of Buddhist art.NoImageVocabulary learningVocabulary learningMore detailsMore detailsCarved into the cliffs above Carved into the cliffs above the Dachuan River, the Mogao the D
3、achuan River, the Mogao Caves south-east of the Caves south-east of the Dunhuang oasis(Dunhuang oasis(沙漠中的绿沙漠中的绿洲洲), Gansu Province, ), Gansu Province, comprisecomprise the largest, most the largest, most richly endowed(richly endowed(被捐赠的；被捐赠的；被资助的被资助的), and longest used ), and longest used treasur
4、e house of Buddhist treasure house of Buddhist art in the world.art in the world.It was first constructed in 366AD and It was first constructed in 366AD and represents the great achievement of represents the great achievement of Buddhist art from the 4th to the 14th Buddhist art from the 4th to the
5、14th century. 492 caves are presently century. 492 caves are presently preservepreserved, housing about 45,000 d, housing about 45,000 square meters of murals(square meters of murals(壁画壁画) and ) and more than 2,000 painted sculptures. more than 2,000 painted sculptures. Cave 302 of the Sui dynasty C
6、ave 302 of the Sui dynasty contains one of the oldest contains one of the oldest and most vivid (and most vivid (生动的生动的) ) scenes of cultural exchanges scenes of cultural exchanges along the Silk Road, along the Silk Road, depicting(depicting(描述描述) a camel ) a camel pulling a cart pulling a cart typ
7、ical typical of trade of trade missions of that period. missions of that period. Caves 23 and 156 of the Tang dynasty Caves 23 and 156 of the Tang dynasty show workers in the fields and a line show workers in the fields and a line of warriors respectively and in the of warriors respectively and in t
8、he Song dynasty Cave 61, the celebrated Song dynasty Cave 61, the celebrated landscape of Mount Wutai is an early landscape of Mount Wutai is an early example of artistic Chinese example of artistic Chinese cartography, where nothing has been cartography, where nothing has been left out mountains, r
9、ivers, cities, left out mountains, rivers, cities, temples, roads and caravans are all temples, roads and caravans are all depicted.depicted.Vocabulary learningVocabulary learningcomponentpartconsist ofMy diet consisted almost exclusively of chocolate-covered cookies and glasses of milk.由。组成consist
10、in = lie inTrue education does not consist in simply being taught facts.在于compriseOlder people comprise a large proportion of those living in poverty由。组成 （主动或者被动都可以）be made up of等于 be comprised of 由。组成compromise折中consistentWe must be consistent in applying the rules. 一致的Its something I have consiste
11、ntly denied.一惯地Vocabulary learningVocabulary learningpreserveWe will do everything to preserve peace. v.保持，维持wild life reserve = wild life preservepersevereI first began to investigate the basis of human motivationand how people persevere after setbacksas a psychology graduate student at Yale Univer
12、sity in the 1960s.vi.坚持Those who persevere in their efforts will succeed eventually.v. 坚持某事perseveranceHe has never stopped trying and showed great perseverance.n.坚持不懈perseverantA perseverant person always has the mind to insist on finishing what they do no matter what happens.adj.锲而不舍的Vocabulary le
13、arningVocabulary learningordinary普通的common普通的 common readers共同的 common sense 常识normal正常的 (是指“常态化”的那种正常，反义词abnormal; 不是疯疯癫癫的意思，疯疯癫癫是insane)usually通常的typical典型的Whats meaning?Whats meaning?The discovery of the Library Cave at the Mogao Caves in 1990, together with the tens of thousands of manuscripts a
14、nd relics it contained, has been acclaimed as the worlds greatest discovery of ancient Oriental culture. This significant heritage provides invaluable reference for studying the complex history of ancient China and Central Asia.NoImage高分句型，背！Vocabulary learningVocabulary learningdeclare/claim（高考超高频单
15、词）宣称（有的语法书会辨析这两者中某一个更正式，没有必要花这个时间，高考不会考到这么细的维度）claim还可以表示索回，索赔 The lost property has not been claimed by its owner.acclaim赞扬Criteria (i)Criteria (i)The group of caves at Mogao represents a unique artistic achievement both by the organization of space into 492 caves built on five levels and by the pr
16、oduction of more than 2,000 painted sculptures, and approximately 45,000 square meters of murals, among which are many masterpieces of Chinese art.Criteria (ii)Criteria (ii)For 1,000 years, from the period of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386-534) to the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty (1276-1386), the caves of
17、 Mogao played a decisive role in artistic exchanges between China, Central Asia and India.高分句型，背！Criteria (iii)Criteria (iii)The paintings at Mogao bear exceptional witness to the civilizations of ancient China during the Sui, Tang and Song dynasties.高分句型，背！Criteria (iv)Criteria (iv)The Thousand-Bud
18、dha Caves constitute an outstanding example of a Buddhist rock art sanctuary.Criteria (v)Criteria (v)Occupied by Buddhist monks from the end of the 19th century up to 1930, the rock art ensemble at Mogao, administered by the Dunhuang Cultural Relics Research Institute, preserves the example of a tra
19、ditional monastic settlement.Vocabulary learningVocabulary learningsettleThey agreed to try to settle their dispute by negotiation.vt.解决He visited Paris and eventually settled there.vi.安顿Albert settled himself on the sofa.vt.安顿settel down One day Ill want to settle down and have a family.settel down
20、 安顿下来settle for Virginia was a perfectionist. She was just not prepared to settle for anything mediocre.settle for 勉强接受Criteria (vi)Criteria (vi) The caves are strongly linked to the history of transcontinental relations and of the spread of Buddhism throughout Asia. For centuries the Dunhuang oasis
21、, near which the two branches of the Silk Road forked, enjoyed the privilege of being a relay station where not only merchandise was traded, but ideas as well, exemplified by the Chinese, Tibetan, Sogdian, Khotan, Uighur and even Hebrew manuscripts found within the caves.The goal of preserveThe goal
22、 of preserveThe goal in the future is to implement the measures set out in the management The goal in the future is to implement the measures set out in the management plan by the scheduled time, to learn from plan by the scheduled time, to learn from advanced advanced experiences in heritage site e
23、xperiences in heritage site conservation and management at home and abroad, to ensure the conservation and management at home and abroad, to ensure the authenticity(authenticity(真实性真实性) and integrity of the heritage site and its setting, and to ) and integrity of the heritage site and its setting, a
24、nd to make its full historical information and value available to future generations.make its full historical information and value available to future generations.Vocabulary learningVocabulary learningadvancevt. & vi. & n.to accelerate the growth or progress of: advance a cause 推动事业to bring or move
25、 forward: advance a pawn 下棋用语to raise to a higher rank: was advanced from clerk to assistant manager 升职=promoteto bring forward in time: advance the date of the meeting 提前会议 in advance of 3 daysto bring forward for notice, consideration, or acceptance: advance an idea 提出想法to supply or furnish in exp
26、ectation of repayment: advance a loan 提前还贷 （advance可以表示预付款）to raise in rate: advance the rent 涨租金advnaced高阶的；先进的Vocabulary learningVocabulary learninggene（源自古希腊语genos，意思是诞生）generation一代人；regeneration再生；degeneration退化英语凡是含有gene的单词，都跟诞生有关He is one of the greatest scientists of his generation.他是他们那一代人里最伟大的科学家之一He is one of the greatest scientists of all time.他是历史上最伟大的科学家之一Thank you!Thank you!
