1、Language pointsunit 4 reading and thinking重点单词kingdom /kdm/ n._ 王国王国;领地They said they would only let us through if we hired the chief and his brother as guides. 他们说，只有我们雇用部族酋长和他的兄弟作为向导，才允许我们通过此地。She had to keep bringing forth new ideas in her dance to support her chief position in the troupe. 她得不断地创
2、新她的舞蹈，才能继续保住她在剧团中的首席位置。His chief joy centred in studying foreign language. 他的主要乐趣集中在学习外语上。词根词缀：king(国王)+-dom(统治)：国王统治的地方chief tifn._adj._【pl:_】词源:cap(头,帽子)chief：当头的_(cch, aie, pf）音意相通：欺负 助记：当首领的不能欺负下属。首领;酋长;主要部分首席的;主要的chiefs首领;首要的词根词缀：puzz-(put摆放)+-le(反复)：反复摆在你的面前puzzle pz()lvt._ vi. _n._ 谜,难题;使困惑使困
3、惑Everyone was a bit _ by her sudden departure. 她突然离开，大家都感到有点莫名其妙。Their reason for doing it is still a _ to me. 他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。To explain the _ findings, he offers two theories.为了解释这些令人困惑的发现，他提出了两种理论。I am _that I havent heard from Liz for so long.我很奇怪这么长时间没有收到莉斯的信了。She listened with a _ expressi
4、on on her face.她脸上带着困惑的表情听着。No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _ of how life began.至今还没有人能成功地解释生命是如何开始的这个谜。_对某事感到困惑be puzzled about/over/by sth.迷惑;冥思苦想谜;难题;迷惑puzzledpuzzlepuzzlingpuzzledpuzzledpuzzleThere were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.(2017浙江) 附近没有骆
5、驼。本杰明决定用猫毛代替。Some classmates suggest we should go to places of interest nearby.(2016全国II)一些同学建议我们应该去附近的名胜古迹。My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. (2018浙江)我和爸爸在农舍的客房里过夜，听着附近河里的青蛙和流水声。nearby nbaadj._adv. _prep._附
6、近的,邻近的在附近在附近join . to/with . _把和连接起来指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之意。常用结构join .to, join up。若非直接连接，则可与connect换用。指的是通过某种媒介物把事物连接起来，事物的特征还保持着，常表示与技术有关的连接以及火车、飞机等实行联运。常用结构connect .with/to。着重指两个或两个以上的人或事物为了共同的目的而结合在一起，结合后原来的部分可能仍不改变，但也可能失去其本性，常用结构combine .with。强调紧密地结合成一个整体体，含难以分开之意，常用结构unite .with。joinc
7、onnectcombineunitePlease _ this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子接起来。The island is _ to the mainland by a bridge.这座岛由一座桥与大陆相连。The two parties have _ to form a new government. 两党联合组成了新政府。_Chinese traditional medicine with western medicine. 将中西医结合。This flight _ with a New York one.这班飞机可接上纽约的另一趟航班。The fight
8、 against terrorism seemed to _ the nation.与恐怖主义的斗争似乎把全国人民团结了起来.joinjoined/connectedcombinedCombineconnects unitebreak away (from sb/sth) _脱离;逃脱;摆脱The thief broke away from the policeman.小偷从警察那里_了。He broke away from all his old friends.他同所有的老朋友_了往来。You must break away from such habits.你必须_那些习惯。Among
9、the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists,who lived and worked in Paris.在那些_传统绘画风格的画家中，有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。The southern part of Ireland was unwilling and broke away to form its own government.爱尔兰南部不愿意，并_联邦，成立了自己的政府。逃脱断绝摆脱脱离脱离损坏, 出故障崩溃, 垮掉分解, 分类打碎破裂分解驱散放假折
10、断终止; 中断闯入插话闯入爆发迸发, 爆发突破; 突围脱离; 摆脱The students feel that they _a particular group.(2019浙江)学生们觉得他们属于一个特定的群体。The future _ those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.未来属于那些相信梦想之美好的人。Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of _, a bond with others.(201
11、8全国II)邓恩认为，向陌生人伸出援手的人会感到一种强烈的归属感，一种与他人的联系。Lockers are available to store any _ during your visit.(2017全国I)在您参观期间，可以用储物柜存放任何物品。belong blvi. _ 属于_bln. 所有物；财产；归属属于; 应归入belong tobelong to belongs tobelongingbelongingsbelongingas well _as well as _as good as _也和, 以及; 同一样好(副词)几乎和一样; 同一样好(形容词)The classroom
12、 is a place for learning and that includes leaning from textbooks, and mistakes _.(2018全国全国III) 教室是一个学习的地方，也包括从课本和错误中学习。教室是一个学习的地方，也包括从课本和错误中学习。Now when people refer to England, they can find Wales included _.现在，当人们现在，当人们提到英格兰时，他们会发现威尔士也被包括在内。提到英格兰时，他们会发现威尔士也被包括在内。But Sarah, who has taken part in sh
13、ows along with top models, wants to improve that she has brains _ beauty.(2017全国全国III) 但曾和名模们一起参加过各种节目的莎拉，希望自己智慧与美貌并重。但曾和名模们一起参加过各种节目的莎拉，希望自己智慧与美貌并重。Amy, _ her brothers, was given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天天津津) 艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎艾米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子时受到了热烈的欢迎。She coo
14、ks _ her mother.她做饭做得和她妈妈一样好。她做饭做得和她妈妈一样好。as wellas wellas well asas well asas well asI want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just _, if not better than, my competitors.(2016北京北京) 我想证明，我可以我想证明，我可以不上大学，自学一门受人尊敬的专业，就算不比竞争对手强，至少也和他们一样优秀。不上大学，自学一
15、门受人尊敬的专业，就算不比竞争对手强，至少也和他们一样优秀。 I washed those old curtains and now they look _ new.我洗过了这些旧窗帘，现在它们看上去几乎和新的一样。我洗过了这些旧窗帘，现在它们看上去几乎和新的一样。A miss is _ a mile. 失之毫厘，谬以千里。失之毫厘，谬以千里。as good asas good asas good ascurrency kr()nsn. _current kr()ntadj. _currently krntladv. _货币; 通货货币词根词缀：curr-(跑/流通)+-ency(名词后缀)：
16、流通的东西现行的; 流通的当前, 目前The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the _ of power in the new century.(2018浙江浙江) 设计、建造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气设计、建造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气和健康丰富的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币。和健康丰富的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币
17、。currencyOne of the problems she had was getting used to the foreign _. 她的问题之一是如何适应外币。她的问题之一是如何适应外币。These developments are likely to make our _ problems with robocalls(自动电自动电话话) much worse.(2019北京北京) 这些发展可能会使我们目前的自动电话问题变得更糟。这些发展可能会使我们目前的自动电话问题变得更糟。Some analysts estimate that food production will nee
18、d to be raised by 50 percent to maintain _ levels.(2018天津天津)一些分析人士估计，粮食产量需要提高一些分析人士估计，粮食产量需要提高50%才能维持目前的水平。才能维持目前的水平。If _ trends dont bend, Russias population will be about the size of Yemens by the year 2050.(2017江苏江苏)如果目前的趋势不改变，到如果目前的趋势不改变，到2050年，俄罗斯的人口将和也门差不多。年，俄罗斯的人口将和也门差不多。The model projects th
19、at _ blue areas with little phytoplankton(浮游植物浮游植物) could become even bluer.(2019北京北京)该模型预测，目前浮游植物稀少的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。该模型预测，目前浮游植物稀少的蓝色区域可能会变得更蓝。_, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物糊状物) before a printer can use them.(2018天津天津) 目前，大多数成分必须变成糊状，然后打印机才能使用它们。目前，大多数成分必须变成糊状，然后打印机才能使用它们。currencycu
20、rrentcurrentcurrentcurrentlyCurrently跑发生事件;发生流通的; 现行的流通;货币目前,当前总课程发生复发;回归复发的;周期的复发;反复招致;带来;遭受入侵;侵犯远足;短途旅行先驱;先知;预兆草率的;匆忙的路程;过程;课程;主菜military mlt()radj. _军事的;军用的 词根词缀：mil-(mile英里)+-it-(走)+-ary(形容词后缀)：走到远方去参军军事的_ 军训military training Like many military medals, the one Zacs mother had found was a family
21、treasure.(2019浙江浙江) 和许多军功章一样，扎克的母亲发现的那枚也是家族的珍宝。和许多军功章一样，扎克的母亲发现的那枚也是家族的珍宝。It was on the Changan Street that the military parade was held. 阅兵是在长安街举行的。阅兵是在长安街举行的。词源：词源：military来自来自mile（一千罗马步），强调（一千罗马步），强调“行军行军”的内涵。一罗马步指的是古罗马的内涵。一罗马步指的是古罗马士兵在行军时左右脚各移动一次的距离，相当于实际上的两步。所以一英里（士兵在行军时左右脚各移动一次的距离，相当于实际上的两步。所以
22、一英里（mile）原本指的就是一千罗马步的距离（大约等于原本指的就是一千罗马步的距离（大约等于 1.48 公里）。公里）。1592 年，英国女王伊丽莎白年，英国女王伊丽莎白一世颁布法令，规定一英里等于一世颁布法令，规定一英里等于 1760 码（码（yard），大约），大约 1.6 公里。公里。defence dfensn. _为了保卫；为辩护_ dfendvt. 保卫；为辩护vi. 防卫；防御_ 保卫A不受B的伤害防御;保卫;辩护 defendin defence of This fort was once the main _of the island. 这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上主要的防御设施
23、。这座堡垒曾经是这个岛上主要的防御设施。The forest will act as a defence _ desert dust. 森林能起到防御沙漠尘土的作用。森林能起到防御沙漠尘土的作用。The _ of the accused was rather weak. 被告人的辩护软弱无力。被告人的辩护软弱无力。They responded at once and rose as one man _ their motherland.他们立即响应，团结得像一个人，起来保卫祖国。他们立即响应，团结得像一个人，起来保卫祖国。The wall was built _ the road from b
24、eing washed away by the sea. 建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。建这个围墙是为了保护这条路不被海水冲垮。Electricity is used for light, heating, power, and _the ship_attacks.电被用来照明、取暖和作动力，也用来保卫船只免受攻击。电被用来照明、取暖和作动力，也用来保卫船只免受攻击。 defend A from/against B defence against/from defence in defence of to defend to defend against/from打击/防御篱笆;围墙
25、保卫,防御击剑骑墙派保卫;辩护防御; 辩护被告冒犯, 得罪; 触怒冒犯;得罪;罪行冒犯的;不礼貌的法律非法的法律合法的;法律的非法的立法法律的;合法的不法之徒律师立法legal lig()ladj. _法律的;合法的;法定的 For legal reasons, most restaurants have a policy against giving away food waste. (2019浙江) 出于法律原因，大多数餐馆都有禁止转送厨余食物的政策。It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human d
26、rivers.(2017天津)它将把无人驾驶汽车置于与人类司机同等的法律地位。surround srandvt. _ _被被所包围，被所包围，被所围绕所围绕_ srandadj. 周围的，周边的周围的，周边的_ srandzn. 环境；周围的事物【环境；周围的事物【pl】词根词缀:sur-(强调)+round(在周围)：在周围_围绕; 包围围绕; 包围be surrounded bysurroundingsurroundings _ yourself with uplifting individuals who challenge you to be better while loving y
27、ou for who you are.(2016浙江) 让你周围都是积极向上的人，他们会挑战你变得更好，同时也会爱你本来的样子。We are _ by a natural playground just perfect for walking, caving, climbing and cycling.(2019江苏)我们周围有一个天然的操场，非常适合散步、洞穴探险、爬山和骑自行车。Steve arrived and sat in the front row, _by his family. (2019江苏)史蒂夫来了，坐在第一排，周围都是他的家人。Now we live in a world
28、 _by the cant do attitudes. (2018天津)现在我们生活在一个被“做不到”的态度包围的世界。SurroundsurroundedsurroundedsurroundedThat means a transparent object doesnt look very different from the _air or water.(2015北京)这意味着一个透明的物体看起来与周围的空气或水没有太大的不同。Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct phy
29、sical effect on the scenery, but in the ways that they affect the _ community. (2011北京) 铁路和公路的真正意义不在于它们对风景的直接影响，而在于它们对周围社区的影响。Why do the hikers take no notice of the _ during the journey?(2018天津)为什么徒步旅行者在旅途中没有注意周围的环境?Determining where we are in relation to our _ remains an essential skill for our su
30、rvival.(2017江苏) 确定我们与周围环境的关系仍然是我们生存的基本技能。surroundingsurroundingsurroundingssurroundings圆圆 圆形的在周围 迂回地往返旅行;环程旅行迂回的,绕道的在周围大约;到处;在附近围绕;包围周围的,周边的环境;周围的事物21.evident evd()ntadj. _evidence evd()nsn. _Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was _ even in wildlands protecte
31、d from woodcutting or development.(2019浙江) Mclntyre和他的同事们记录了一种大范围的大树死亡，这种现象甚至在禁止伐木或开发的野生丛林中也很明显。This view is especially _on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems (生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.(2019全国I)这种景象在乞力马扎罗山上尤为明显，因为登山者在几公里的空间内穿过五个生态系统。There is _ that they range all the wa
32、y across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.(2019全国I) 有证据表明，它们的活动范围横跨北极，南至加拿大的詹姆斯湾。That is only _that traditions once existed.(2018全国II) 这只是传统曾经存在过的证据。Now we have the most direct _yet that he is right.(2017北京) 现在我们有最直接的证据证明他是对的。证据;证明 明显的;显然的词根词缀：e-(外)+vid-+-ent(形容词后缀)：从外面就能看出来的evide
33、nt 明显的;显然的evidentevidenceevidenceevidence看看,看待景象预习复习;评论采访;面试游客;访客视觉的;可见的可见的看不见的视力; 幻像明显的明显地修订; 复习修订; 复习明显的证据提供供应先前的,前面的视频, 录像参观, 拜访achieve tivvt. _达到;取得;实现词根词缀：a-(去，到)+chiev-(chief头)+e：走到头达到_tivm()ntn. 成就；完成achievementWe should especially recognize our childrens efforts to push themselves and work h
34、ard _ a goal.(2019浙江) 我们尤其应该认可孩子们推动自己，努力工作以达到目标所付出的努力。We can _ meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我).(2019天津) 只有当我们献身于比我们自己更大的目标时，我们才能获得意义。The only way _ the impossible is to believe that it is possible. (Alice in Wonderland)实现“不可能”的唯一办法就是相信它是可能的。
35、爱丽丝漫游奇境 Handle the most important tasks first so youll feel a real sense of _. (2016全国II)先处理最重要的任务，这样你才会有真正的成就感。Picking up her “Lifetime _” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.(2019全国II) 自豪的艾琳在领取“终身成就奖”时宣布，她没有退休的打算。The father of success is work, and t
36、he mother of _ is ambition. 勤奋乃成功之父，志向乃成功之母。to achieveachieveto achieveachievementAchievementAchievementlocate l()ketvt. _位于，座落于_l()ke()nn. 位置；地点 定位;确定的位置 be located at/in locationWhenever you move to a new area, you should _ the fire alarm pull stations and the two exits nearest your room. (2018天津)
37、 当你搬到一个新的地方，你应该找到消防警报拉站与最接近你房间的两个出口。_ where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.(2017江苏) 江苏地处“一带一路”的交汇处，将为“一带一路”建设作出更大贡献。His office _the Xiangshan campus of the university in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province.(2018全国III) 他的办公室位于浙江杭州大学象山校区。The store _ ups
38、tairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.(2017全国I)商店位于3号楼的楼上，就在激光穹顶的旁边。When the Bishop Arts Theatre was donated to our town, the _ was considered a poor area of town.(2018江苏) 当毕晓普艺术剧院被捐给我们镇时，这个地方被认为是镇上的贫困地区。 locateLocatedis located at is locatedlocation放置/位置地方的,当地的地方主义使地方化定位;确定的位置位置be locate
39、d at/in分配,拨出;使坐落于分配,配置;安置The scientist _ the _ _ _ to him.科学家定位出了当地分配给他的位置。locatedlocal locationallocatedconquer kkvt._vi._ 战胜,征服 胜利,得胜 词根词缀：con-(全部)+-quer(寻求)：全部寻求到了征服; 得胜 _ kkr(r)n.征服者，胜利者_kkwestn. 征服;得胜;战利品 conquest Energy and persistence _all things.(Benjamin Franklin) 精力加毅力可以征服一切。本杰明富兰克林Dangers
40、 will arise in any career, but presence of mind will often _ the worst of them. 凡事都有危险，但镇定沉着往往能克服最严重的危险。In 1066 William the_, the Duke of Normandy (part of modern France), invaded and _ England. 1066年，诺曼底(现法国的一部分)公爵威廉率兵征服了英国。The chase is always much more exciting than the _ anyway. 不管怎么说，追求的过程总比得手更为
41、刺激。The French empire had expanded largely through military _. 法兰西帝国的扩张主要靠军事征服。 conquer conquer conquered conqueror Conqueror conquest conquest 寻求, 探求问题, 疑问问卷, 调查表获得, 取得; 学到要求; 请求寻求询问获得物,获得;收购战胜; 征服; 攻克征服, 战胜;战利品询问;探究询问;探究需要; 要求要求; 必要条件battle bt()ln.vi. & vt._词根词缀：bat-(打)+-tle(名词后缀,表反复)：反复打战斗;搏斗 战斗;搏
42、斗;奋斗Theres tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust.(2019全国II) 从一开始尼克和艾米就在为你的信任而战，紧张和焦虑贯穿始终。After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the worlds population, a battle unfolds between good and evil.(2019全国II) 在一场严重的流感疫情席卷全球99.4%的人口之后，一场正义与邪恶之间的战争拉开了帷幕When I st
43、arted running in my 30s, I realized running was a battle against myself.(2018北京)当我30多岁开始跑步时，我意识到跑步是一场与自己的战斗。打球棒;球拍;蝙蝠击球战斗;搏斗打;敲打;打败破旧的辩论投标,竞价战斗,搏斗殴打;炮击;电池羽毛球心跳节奏,节拍beatbeatenport ptn._import mp:t; m-n. &vt. vi. _export kspt; ek-n. &vt.vi._Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, l
44、ike a nearby _ or river. (2018全国III) 城市的存在的位置通常有很好的理由，比如附近有港口或河流。When I reached the _, the workers were loading the rice onto the ship.当我到达港口时，工人们正在把大米装船。One solution is obviously to _ foreign workers via immigration. (2017江苏)一个解决办法显然是通过移民来引进外国工人。The _of meat from aboard is held up for the epidemic
45、situation.由于疫情，从国外进口的肉类中断了。The ability to design, build and _ green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.(2018浙江)设计、建造和出口绿色技术以生产清洁的水、清洁的空气和健康丰富的食物的能力将成为新世纪的权力货币。America will increase its food _.(2012江苏
46、) 美国将增加食品出口。 港口, 口岸 输入,进口 输出,出口;出口商品 port port import import export export搬运港口,口岸出口进口重要的重要性护照报告支持运输便携的驱逐搬运工运输; 交通系统fascinate fsnetvt._ fsnetadj. 迷人的;吸引人的;令人神魂颠倒的 迷住,使着迷,使神魂颠倒词根词缀：fasc-(抓住)+-in(内)+-ate(动词后缀)：从内心抓住你迷住,使着迷 fascinating The place continues to _ visitors, cloaked in its mystery.这个地方笼罩在神秘气
47、氛下,继续使游览者着迷.The children are _by the toys in the shop window.孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了I still find this story both _ and unbelievable. 我仍觉得这个故事既神奇又不太可信。What it will be called in future, and what it will do, remain _ questions. 未来我们会把它叫做什么，会用它来干什么，依然是让人着迷的问题。 fascinate fascinated fascinating fascinating抓住/迷住
48、 固定;扣紧;抓牢快速的;紧的;稳固的 迅速地;紧紧地;彻底地使着迷,使神魂颠倒迷人的;吸引人的;令人神魂颠倒的魅力;魔力;入迷时髦,时尚时髦的,时尚的keep an eye on_keep your eyes open（for）_ 留心;留意 照看;留意;密切关注You must keep your eyes open if you are going to make your trip to the UK enjoyable and worthwhile. 如果你要使你的英国之旅愉快而有意义，你必须时刻留意。Keep your eyes open and be willing to cha
49、nge, but have faith in yourself, too. 时刻留心，愿意改变，但同时也要对自己有信心。If that sounds like good news, keep your eyes open for your chance for change. 如果那听起来像好消息，那么要留心这个为你带来改变的机会。In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.(2018浙江)一般来说，当他们离开的时候，要照看好他们的财产。Could you please keep an eye on my lugg
50、age? 你能帮我照看下行李吗？You must keep an eye on your young children when you are in a crowded street.当你在拥挤的街道上时，你必须照看好你的小孩。重点句型动名词短语做主语，谓语动词常用_。单数仿写：眼见为实。_ is believing. 在阳光下看书对我们的眼睛有害。_ is bad for our eyes.学习哲学将为我们的生活打开另一扇窗。_ another window to our lives.Seeing Reading in the sunStudying philosophy will ope
