1、1公路施工新技术2004年12月2345施工过程6施工过程新技术 自检碾压机 移动式拌和楼 红外线摄影机 混合料传送机78910111213不均匀密度的影响 同压密不够类似增加剥落与水损减少疲劳寿命 增加空隙率1%将至少减少10%的寿命1415161718不均匀密度的位置19温差超过14C空隙率增加2%20材料传递机2122材料传递机拌和叶片摊铺之前的再拌和23施工工艺自动化 计算机技术应用 卫星和激光定位技术 遥控技术 图控技术 机器眼技术 动态反馈和传感技术 人机对话技术24卫星定位技术25激光定位技术26遥控技术27遥控挖掘装载机28碾压自动化29多台碾压机碾压自动化3031机器眼探测裂
2、缝32机器眼安装路面标记33自动封缝机34图控技术35人机对话36遥控管涵安装机37遥控挖掘装载机38桥梁除漆机器人39自动扫雪洒盐机40路面新技术 超级性能路面 玛蹄脂沥青碎石混凝土路面 永久路面41混合料主要特点混合料主要特点严格的材料选择严格的材料选择旋转压密机和体积比设计旋转压密机和体积比设计 PGAGG% passingsieve size 0.45SGC42沥青性能分级以天气为基础PG 64-22PerformanceGradeAverage 7-daymax pavementdesign tempMin pavementdesign temp43The higher theGra
3、de, the stiffer the binder. The more rut resistance. PG 82PG 76PG 70PG 64PG 5844The lower thenumber, the moreresistant tothermal cracking.PG - 22- 28-3445集料特性集料特性 基本特性基本特性 要求要求 coarse aggregate angularity (CAA) fine aggregate angularity (FAA) flat, elongated particles (F & E) clay content (SE) 来源特性来
4、源特性 选择选择 toughness soundness deleterious materials polish values461000 .075.3 2.36 4.759.512.5 19.0Percent PassingSieve Size (mm) Raised to 0.45 Power级配级配47控制点控制点1000 .075.3 2.36 4.759.512.5 19.0Percent Passingcontrol pointrestricted zonemax density linemaxsizenommaxsizeSieve Size (mm) Raised to 0.4
5、5 Power48Marshall MethodSFSCBFBCSR4919.0 mm25.0 mm37.5 mm9.5 mm4.75 mm12.5 mm50AGGREGATE GRADATIONNominal Size: 19.0 mm SMA& 19.0 mm SuperpavePercent Passing19 mm Nominal Sieve Size0.020.040.060.080.0100.0120.0Sieve Size R aised to 0.45 PowerPercent PassingBlend 1Blend 2 SMASuperpave5119.0 mm Superp
6、ave52Insert I-70I-70 Ndesign - 96 19.0 mm SMAVTM - 4.353AGGREGATE GRADATIONNominal Size: 12.5 mm SMA& 12.5 mm Superpave12.5 mm Nominal Sieve Size0.020.040.060.080.0100.0120.0Sieve Size R aised to 0.45 PowerPercent PassingBlend 1Blend 2Percent PassingSMASuperpave54I-8312.5 mmPG 70-22 BinderFirst 12.5
7、 mm SMAI-68Ndesign - 100 3.9VTM56热压密和紧跟摊铺机热压密和紧跟摊铺机!57特性比较特性比较Rut ResistantDurableSkid ResistantReduced SprayReduced HydroplaningReduced SoundSuperpaveSMA58Decision Points for using SMA as the Surface Layer 2000 ESALs per day 55 mph59永久路面路面设计概念60永久路面路面设计概念抗疲劳沥青基层：通过厚度使拉应变最小61永久路面路面设计概念抗车辙上面层集料颗粒摩擦互锁
8、：轧制和粗颗粒沥青胶结料：高温性能和改性空隙率：现场4%-6%62永久路面路面设计概念抗车辙上面层车辙试验验证 现场 加速试验63上开裂64华盛顿州永久路面州际高速公路90号 47% 没有破坏27-33年；路面24公分；第一次罩面12年；第二次罩面13年。65厚度比较666768性能试验69车辙仪70车辙仪试验结果71727374757677 车辆噪音: engine, exhaust system, aerodynamic noise tire noise. For 90 kmph, pavement/tire noise dominates.Power train noiseCoast-
9、by noise路面噪音78 FHWA - Noise Abatement Criteria 67 dB(A)“this is not an absolute value or design standard, only a level where noise mitigation must be considered”790.0000010.000010.00010.0010.010.11101001000Sound Pressure, N/sq. m.020406080100120140Decibel LevelThe Decibel ScaleHearing ThresholdConve
10、rsationPain ThresholdDiscomfort80The Decibel ScaleIncreasing the decibel level by10 doubles the noise intensity!0246810121416Noise Intensity60708090100DecibelsConversationTrainChain Saw81 隔音墙和种树隔音墙和种树 Erect Noise Walls or Plant Trees/Shrubs 路面微观构造防止噪音措施82隔音墙隔音墙Effective only for those in line-of-sig
11、ht.Do not reduce noise atsource.83 Effectiveness must justify expense. Cases: I-40, Knoxville: $25,000/home I-285, Atlanta: Requirements of 69 dB(A) and 67dB(A), 5dB(A) Nationwide (FHWA, 1998): $1M/mile隔音墙隔音墙84Conclusions, “In general, when dense-graded asphalt and PCC pavements are compared, the de
12、nse-graded is quieter by 2 to 3 dB(A)”路面微观构造8567 dB(A)15 mThe Decibel Scale86A reduction of 3 dB(A) is like doubling the distance from the noise.67 dB(A)30 m- 3 dB(A) = 64 dB(A)87Conclusions: “In general, when dense-graded asphalt and PCC pavements are compared,the dense-graded is quieter by 2 to 3
13、dB(A)”A 3dB(A) reduction corresponds to:- doubling the distance- reducing traffic volume by 50%- reducing traffic speed by 25%88Conclusions: “Open-graded asphalt shows the greatest potential for noise reduction for passby noise. Reduction when compared to dense-graded asphalt ranged from 1 to 9 dB(A
14、).” A 9dB(A) reduction corresponds to:- a reduction in traffic noise by almost 50%!89OGFCsReduce Noise and Improve Visibility90Noise ReductionOpen vs Dense Graded Mixes74767880820246Age, in yearsSound Pressure, dB(A)12mm Dense12mm Dense12mm Porous8mm Porous18-22% voids8mm Porous22% voidsSource: NCHR
15、P 28491 DOTs indicate a strong need for pavement noise control strategies. Proper selection of pavement surface is the best method to reduce noise from pavement/tire interactions.What Can Be Done?92 OGFC is the quietest surface type. (Wayson, NCHRP Synthesis 268) SMA has also proven to be a quiet su
16、rface. (Wisconsin DOT, 1993) Dense graded HMA surfaces are quieter than PCC pavements.(Hibbs and Larson, Report FHWA-SA-96-068, May 1996)Effect of Pavement Surface93Families Near I-275 is lobbying the Michigan DOT forsound abatement. In 1999, MDOT rebuilt I-275 withconcrete. Residents contend the pr
17、oject has increasenoise levels. Levels have been registered upwards of90 decibels.Steve Phillips of Berkshire, England-based TRLLimited spoke about Englands 10-year plan to install quieter surfaces on 60% of main trunk roads.The surfaces will be SMA or OGFC.94Summary Highway noise is important to th
18、e public. Small changes in dB level are noticeable. Decrease of 9 dB(A) reduces noise by 50% Decrease of 3 dB(A) is like doubling distance95Summary Noise walls can work, but: They are expensive. They dont work in all types of terrain. Source of noise is still there. Asphalt pavements can reduce noise at the source by up to 9 dB(A).96Hot Mix AsphaltSummary Asphalt pavements for noise reduction in order of effectiveness: OGFC SMA Dense-Graded HMAPCC
