1、分词做定语分词做定语和状语和状语定语定语(attributive)是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词是限定或修饰名词或相当于名词的词的，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从的词的，常由形容词或相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。根据与所修饰的词之间的位置关系可分句担任。根据与所修饰的词之间的位置关系可分为前置定语和后置定语。例如：为前置定语和后置定语。例如：1.The red and big apple in mine.2. There are many fallen leaves on the ground. 3. The piano used by the teacher is very good. 4
2、.Children living by the sea usually begin to swim at an early age. 5.Li Leis written English isnt as good as his spoken English. 一、作定语一、作定语 动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作动词的过去分词作定语时表示动作的被动和完成，单独及物动词的过的被动和完成，单独及物动词的过去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而去分词一般置于被修饰名词前，而过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。过去分词短语则要位于名词之后。 The lost child was found at last.The ch
3、ild lost in the park was found at last. Prices of daily goods _through a computer can be lower than store prices.（2002春招）春招） are bought B. bought A.C. been bought D. buying 过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的过去分词作定语与其它非谓语形式的 区别区别：1. 过去分词过去分词done表示被动和完成；表示被动和完成；2. 现在分词的主动式现在分词的主动式doing表示主动的、表示主动的、正在进行的动作；正在进行的动作；3. 现在分
4、词的被动式现在分词的被动式being done表示被动表示被动的、正在进行的动作；的、正在进行的动作；4. 不定式的主动式不定式的主动式to do表示一个将要发生表示一个将要发生的主动动作；的主动动作；5. 不定式的被动式不定式的被动式to be done则表示一个则表示一个将要发生的被动动作将要发生的被动动作 _ yesterdayThe meeting _ now (hold) _ tomorrow is of great importance. (hold) held being held to be held Do you know the name of the play_ in t
5、he hall now? A. to be put on B. being put on C. put on D. putting on CB1. Did you attend the meeting_ yesterday? -No. But I will attend the one _ tomorrow. A. to be held B. having been held C. held D. being heldAAA4. Please dont forget him. He is one of _. A. those invited B. invited those C. those
6、inviting D. inviting those3. I borrowed a book _ by Mark Twain from the library last week. I like it very much. A. written B. writing C. was written D. to writeThere are some sentences from the reading passage with the past participle used as the attribute: 1. his parents company named “Future Tours
7、” transported me safely into (Line 5, Para1, Page 18) 2. Tomorrow you will be ready for some visits organized by the company. (The last but two line, Para4, Page 18) Finish Ex3 on P21 3. Now combine these two sentences using the past participle as the attribute. 1. Soon we lost sight of that famous
8、astronomer called Li Qiang. 2. I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh. 3. I like the old private house built of wood and mud. 4. The room connected to the rest of the house by a long passage is completely empty. 5. The queen was sitting in a royal carriage drawn by four horses. 6.
9、 The vehicle mentioned in the book is unknown to me. 7. The castle built in 1432 is under repair.状语状语(adverbial)是修饰动词，副词，形容词或是修饰动词，副词，形容词或整个句子的，常由副词或相当于副词的短语或整个句子的，常由副词或相当于副词的短语或从句担任，修饰动词时，可置于动词之前，亦从句担任，修饰动词时，可置于动词之前，亦可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常置可置于动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时，常置于它们之前。可分为时间状语，地点状语，方于它们之前。可分为时间状语，地点状语，方式状
10、语，程度状语，目的状语，原因状语，结式状语，程度状语，目的状语，原因状语，结果状语，条件状语，让步状语，频率状语等。果状语，条件状语，让步状语，频率状语等。例如：例如：1.Tom runs quickly. 2.The book is well worth reading. 3.He gets up at five every morning. 4.The boys are playing on the playground. 时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语5. She always goes to school by bike.6. I arrived at the cinema only
11、 to find the film finished.7. In order to catch up with his classmates in English, he studies harder.8. They didnt go to the park because of the bad weather.9. They will go to the park if the weather is fine tomorrow.10. Although she is over sixty years old , the old woman still looks young. 频率状语频率状
12、语结果状语结果状语目的状语目的状语原因状语原因状语方式状语方式状语条件状语条件状语让步状语让步状语2 做状语做状语 过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一过去分词作状语，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。个状语从句。1. United, we stand; divided, we fall. 如果团结起来，我们就能成功，如如果团结起来，我们就能成功，如果分裂，我们就会失败。果分裂，我们就会失败。 相当于相当于If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall. 2. Moved by the story, he decided to study h
13、arder. 由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努由于被这个故事感动，他决定更加努 力学习。力学习。 相当于相当于Because he was moved 3. Having been shown around the library, we came to the classroombuilding. 我们参观了图书馆后，我们来到了我们参观了图书馆后，我们来到了教学楼前。教学楼前。 相当于相当于After we were shown around 4. Once visited, the city will never be forgotten. 一旦你参观了这个城市，你就永远一旦你参观了这个城
14、市，你就永远不会忘记它。不会忘记它。 相当于相当于Once the city is visited 5. Although published many times, the book still sells well in the market. 虽然这本书已出版好长时间了，但虽然这本书已出版好长时间了，但这本书的销售量仍很好。这本书的销售量仍很好。 相当于相当于Although the book has been published过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表过去分词作状语，一是表被动的动作，二是表动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：动作已经完成。通常作如下几种状语：1. Whe
15、n it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill 可在过去分词前加上连词可在过去分词前加上连词when, while, until等等.2. Dont speak until you are spoken to.until spoken to1. 时间状语时间状语,1. Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly
16、 touched by the teachers words2. As he was surprised at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.Surprised at what happened2.1. If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Given more time2. If it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperature1.
17、Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still working in the fields.Though warned of the storm2. Even if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.Even if invited4. 1. The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.Followed by a group of students2. T
18、he manager held his head high, he walked into the room.Holding his head high5. Difference between the Present Participle and the Past ParticipleUsed for a long time, the book looks old. 由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。 Using the book, I find it useful. 在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。 Lookin
19、g at her, he jumped with joy. Looked at by he, she felt uneasy.注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看注意：选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。词。1. _ some officials, Napoleon inspected(视察视察) his army. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. having been follow
20、ed2. There was a terrible noise _ the sudden burst of light. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedBBPractice3. _ a reply, he decided to write again. Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. Having not receivedC4. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behin
21、d his back. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied5. _ more attention, the trees could have grown better. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having givenDA6. _ his head high, the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting _ then. Holding; being held B. Held; holding C. Having held; held
22、D. Held; to be held7. _, but he still could not understand it. Told many times B. Having been told many times C. He has been told many times D. Though he had been told many timesAC8.The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.(MET91) Ato prepare Bpreparing Cprepared D
23、was preparing 9_ black and blue, the lady couldnt move. ABeaten BBeating CTo be beaten DTo beatAEx2 on P211. I was frightened by the loud noise. I went to see what was happening.Frightened by the loud noise, I went to see what was happening.2. He was hit by the lack of fresh air. He got a bad headac
24、he.Hit by the lack of fresh air, he got a bad headache.3. I felt very tired after the long journey. I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.Tired after the long journey, I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station.4. Sue was frightened by the noise outside. She dared not
25、sleep in her bedroom. Frightened by the noise outside, Sue dared not sleep in her bedroom. 5. The museum was built in 1910. The museum is almost 100 years old.Built in 1910, the museum is almost 100 years old.6.The student was given some advice by the famous scientist. The student was not worried ab
26、out his scientific experiment any more.Given some advice by the famous scientist, the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.p 经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量p Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be写在最后Thank You在别人的演说中思考，在自己的故事里成长Thinking In Other PeopleS Speeches，Growing Up In Your Own Story讲师：XXXXXX XX年XX月XX日
