1、语气语气英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助的语气用动词的不同形式（有的还借助句法形式）来表示。句法形式）来表示。虚拟语气虚拟语气l虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在在条件条件从句中从句中或或让步让步状语从句中状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等望、要求、命令、
2、建议等 (在宾语从句、表在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气的概念 一、一、虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟语气在条件句中虚拟条件句虚拟条件句主句主句与与现在现在事实事实相反的假设相反的假设与与过去过去相反相反的假设的假设与与将来将来相反相反的假设的假设If+主语主语+动词的过去式动词的过去式（动词（动词be用用were)主语主语+should,would,might,could动词动词原形原形If+主语主语+had +过去分词过去分词主语主语should, would, might, couldhave doneIf+主语主语+动词过去式动词过去式If+主语主语
3、+were to+ 动词原形动词原形If+主语主语+should +动词原形动词原形主语主语should, would might, could动词动词原形原形eg:If I had time, I would attend the meeting. If he had hurried ,he could have caught the train. If I were to go abroad ,I would go to America.如果我是你，我就会努力学习如果我是你，我就会努力学习如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了如果我知道他的电话号码，我就给他打电话了如果明天下雨的话，我们
4、会取消比赛如果明天下雨的话，我们会取消比赛If I were you, I would work harder at my lessons.If I had known his telephone number, I would have called him.If it should were to rain, we would call off the match.More practice:c. If the policeman _ (be not) in that room, it _ (be) very dangerous.d. If I _ (be) in your positio
5、n, I _ (ask) for teachers help.were notcould bewerewould aska. If Tom _ (be) more careful in the exam, he _ (pass) it already.b. If you _ (get) up earlier, you _ (catch) the first train.had beenwould have passedhad gotwould have caughtPRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks.a. If there _ (be) no natural reso
6、urce any more, we _ (make) use of nuclear power .b. What _ (happen) if you _ (get up) too late tomorrow?should beshould makewould happenshould get upPRACTICE 3: Fill in the blanksc. If Robots _ (control) the world some day, here _ (be) no friendship.were to controlwould be使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点：使用虚拟条件句要注意的几点
7、：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为：错综时间条件句错综时间条件句“，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整If you _(follow)my advice , you _(be)better now.如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了如果你听我的建议，你现在就会痊愈了had followedwould beIf you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now
8、.如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了如果你努力学习的话，你现在就会是大学生了省略句省略句 在条件句中，可在条件句中，可省略省略 if，把，把were ,had, should 提到句首，变为倒提到句首，变为倒装句式装句式If I were at school again, I would study harder.Were I at school again, I would study harder.If you had come earlier, you would have met him.Had you come earlier, you would have met him.I
9、f it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用 、wish wish 后面的宾语从句中。后面的宾语从句中。 一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为：其谓语动词形式为：表现在过去时表现在过去时表过去过去完成时表过去过去完成时表将来表将来would, might, could动词原形动词原形I wish (that) I
10、 were a bird.I wish (that) I had seen the film last night.I wish (that) I wouldcould go.2. If only （要是该有多好啊（要是该有多好啊)表示现在表示现在的情况的情况,应用过去式应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用过应用过去完成时态去完成时态 *if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。通常独立使用，没有主句。 If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!If only she would go with
11、 me! 3. as if ( as though) 看起来看起来常用虚拟形式，即常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it4. would rather + 从句动词用从句动词用过去式过去式或或过去完成时过去完成时I would rather you told me the truth.I w
12、ould rather you had gone there last Sunday.I would rather you came tomorrow. 1. It is (high / about ) time that从句从句中的谓语动词用过去式或中的谓语动词用过去式或should动词动词原形，原形，should不能省略不能省略It is high time that you went / should go to school.2. If only （要是该有多好啊（要是该有多好啊)表示现在表示现在的情况的情况,应用过去式应用过去式; 如果是过去的情况如果是过去的情况,应用过应用过去完成
13、时态去完成时态 *if only 通常独立使用，没有主句。通常独立使用，没有主句。 If only I knew the answer!If only I had seen the film yesterday!If only she would go with me! 2. 2.用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.We suggested that the me
14、eting (should) be put off.They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.注意：注意：suggest 当表示当表示“暗示、表明暗示、表明“讲时，讲时，insist 表示表示”坚持认为坚持认为“之意时，应用之意时，应用陈述语气。陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意他脸上的表情
15、表明他对我们的工作很满意那个人坚持说他没有偷钱那个人坚持说他没有偷钱 在在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等等名词后的表语名词后的表语和同位语从句中和同位语从句中要用要用“should动词原形动词原形”should可以省略可以省略（2）用于表语从句和同位语从句）用于表语从句和同位语从句My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it. My suggestion that we (should) have a meeting
16、has been accepted by others.We all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.A.在句型在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词后面的从句中的谓语动词用：用： should + 动词原形动词原形 1. 我们有必要出去散散步。我们有必要出去散散步。 Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 2 她这样做是很自然的。
17、她这样做是很自然的。 Its natural that she should do so. 3 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。重要的是我们要照顾好病人。 Its important that we should take good care of the patient. （3）虚拟语气在）虚拟语气在 在主语从句中在主语从句中B. 在在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中句型中从句用从句用(should )+动词原型动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan.C. 在
18、在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中句型中从从句也常用句也常用(should )+动词原型动词原型 Its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.3. would rather + 从句动词用过去式或过去完成时从句动词用过去式或过去完成时I would rather you told me the truth.I would rather you had gone there last Sunday. 4. as if ( as though) 看起来看起来常用虚拟形式，即常用虚拟形式，即表示与现
19、在事实相反，用过去表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done).He treats /treated the boy as if he were his own son.He speaks/ spoke as if he had known about it5. even if ( even though)即使即使Even if he were here, he could not solve the problem.Even if I had been busy then, I would have helped you.四四
20、情态动词情态动词+ have donecould have done 本来可以本来可以- - -might have done 本来可能本来可能 - - -should / ought to have done 本来应该做本来应该做 - - -shouldnt / ought not to have done 本不该做本不该做 - - 你本不应该告诉她真相。你本不应该告诉她真相。You shouldnt have told her the truth .neednt have done 本不必做本不必做 - - - 比较：比较：didnt need to do 没必要做也没有做没必要做也没有做
21、 - - - 我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I didnt need to clean the windows . My brother did it.would have done 本来会去做本来会去做-我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的我没有足够的钱否则我会买那本书的I didnt have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.虚拟语气虚拟语气3. 一些介词短语, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否则), in that case(如果是那样的话), 表示含蓄的
22、条件,这时主句要用虚拟语气 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.虚拟语气中的几个特例虚拟语气中的几个特例III. 用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。1. If I _ (know) more about giving first aid, I _ (help) them when the accident happened.2. If I _ (be) a man, I _ (run) for president.3. Do you think the thief entered
23、through the side door?No, if he _ (have), he _ _(not break) the window of the living room.had knowncould have helpedwerewould runhad hadwouldnthave broken4. I would rather you _ (stay) at home last night.5. I wish that the rain _ (stop) immediately.6. They talked as if they _ (be) good friends for many years.had beenhad stayedwould stop
