1、Accounting English Jing ShutingFinancialAccountingManagement Department 2 课程内容简介课程内容简介 会计英语根据会计英语根据“应用型本科人才应用型本科人才”的教育理念的教育理念而开设，各个专业在大学英语授课结束后，在第而开设，各个专业在大学英语授课结束后，在第5 5个学期开设专业英语课程，使学生获得用英语从事个学期开设专业英语课程，使学生获得用英语从事专业工作的基本能力。专业工作的基本能力。 本课程内容主要包括会计的理论概述，会计信本课程内容主要包括会计的理论概述，会计信息的归集与披露，会计要素，资产负债表、利润表息的归
2、集与披露，会计要素，资产负债表、利润表和现金流量表等基本财务报表以及分析，内容为财和现金流量表等基本财务报表以及分析，内容为财务会计中应知应会的部分。课程结合实际案例，既务会计中应知应会的部分。课程结合实际案例，既吸收了西方会计理论与实务之精华，又符合我国会吸收了西方会计理论与实务之精华，又符合我国会计发展的具体实践。计发展的具体实践。3 授课主要内容授课主要内容 会计理论基础会计理论基础 会计定义、内容；会计等式与会计要素；会计定义、内容；会计等式与会计要素； T T型账户，复式记账；日记账与分类账。型账户，复式记账；日记账与分类账。 会计要素会计要素 财务报表及报表分析财务报表及报表分析
3、资产负债表；利润表；现金流量表资产负债表；利润表；现金流量表; ;财务报表分析财务报表分析资产资产收入收入负债负债费用费用所有者权益所有者权益利润利润4重点重点内内 容容1.资产资产Assets2.负债负债Liabilities3.所有者权益所有者权益Owners Equity4.收入收入Revenue5.成本与费用成本与费用Costs and Expenses6.利润利润Profit会计报表及分析会计报表及分析 S&A会计要素会计要素Accounting Elements理论部分理论部分Accounting Theory1.Accounting:Information for Decisio
4、n Making2.Accounting Equation Double-entry Accounting 1.Financial Statements2.Analyzing Financial Statement 授课主要内容授课主要内容the definition of Accounting； T-account； Accounting cycle Contentsp2-55 教学总体目标教学总体目标 通过本课程的学习，主要目标是让财务管通过本课程的学习，主要目标是让财务管理专业的学生掌握会计的基本术语，能够理专业的学生掌握会计的基本术语，能够用英语表述会计概念及内容，能够读懂并用英语表述
5、会计概念及内容，能够读懂并分析英文会计报表。分析英文会计报表。 掌握用英语做账的实际操作能力，熟悉常掌握用英语做账的实际操作能力，熟悉常用会计术语、符号。用会计术语、符号。 了解国际会计惯例、国内外会计准则不同了解国际会计惯例、国内外会计准则不同之处。之处。6考核方式考核方式 听写、课堂表现、作业（听写、课堂表现、作业（30）书面考核：书面考核： 闭卷考试（闭卷考试（60）考勤（考勤（10）总成绩总成绩7 参考书目参考书目l 张其秀张其秀.会计英语会计英语基础会计基础会计. 2007 . 上海财经上海财经大学出版社大学出版社l 孙耀远孙耀远. 2007.财务会计英语财务会计英语 .外语教学与研
6、究出外语教学与研究出版社版社l 劳伦斯，赖恩劳伦斯，赖恩. 2003 .会计基础会计基础（第九版）（英（第九版）（英文）文） .上海：立信会计出版社上海：立信会计出版社l 于久洪于久洪. 2005. 会计英语会计英语. 北京北京:中国人民大学出中国人民大学出版社版社8 General Introduction to AccountingGeneral Introduction to Accounting9Chapter 1 General IntroductionThe users of accounting informationIntroduction of AccountingTypes
7、 of accounting information101.1 New Words11 accountant 会计人员会计人员 Accounting terms 会计术语会计术语 Monetary unit 货币计量货币计量 Financial position 财务状况财务状况 criterion 评价的标准评价的标准 diverse adj. 多种多样的多种多样的 Enterprise / firm 企业企业 creditor 债权人，债主，贷方债权人，债主，贷方 regulatory 监管的，管制的监管的，管制的 sales volume 销量销量 obligation 债务债务 mer
8、chandise 商品，货物商品，货物 inventory 存货存货Key wordsKey words2022-5-1412121.2 What is the definition of Accounting?2022-5-1413.13Accounting Accounting is a “language. It is widely used to describe all types of business activities. Accounting is an information system. It provides necessary information to the
9、management and those outside the firm to aid them in their decision making. Accounting is designed to record, classify and summarize financial and other economic information about firms, and analyses and interprets its results with monetary unit as its main criterion. The primary objective of accoun
10、ting is to provide information that is useful for decision making purposes.2022-5-1414.141.3 Whats the functions of accounting2022-5-1415.15Function of accounting Record、 classify and summarize Analyses and Interprets Provide information2022-5-1416.161.4 How the economic activities flow into the acc
11、ounting process?2022-5-1417.172022-5-1418.181.5 Types of accounting information2022-5-1419.19Types of accounting informationFinancial accounting informationRefers to information describing the financial resources, obligations, and activities of an economic entity.It is used primarily by investors an
12、d creditors, also used by managers and in income tax returns.It often is called “general-purpose” accounting information.Management accounting informationIt is used to assist management in operating the business, making types of managerial decisions. such as: set companys overall goals; evaluate the
13、 performance of department and individuals; decide where to introduce a new line of products. Tax accounting informationA special field within accounting.Tax planning is the most difficult and important aspect of tax accounting.How to minimize the income tax burden in a legitimate way. It is quite c
14、omplex.2022-5-1420.201.6The users of accounting information owners ,investors ,creditors ,suppliers, general public,customersInternal usersExternal usersManagement and employees of firms (managers, workers )2022-5-1421.211.7Objectives of External Financial Reporting2022-5-1422.22 Accounting Elements
15、 Double-entry System, Accounting Equation T account, Ledger and Chart of AccountsChapter 22022-5-1423.231.1 Key words 2022-5-1424.24Relevant Terms Accounting equation 会计等式会计等式 Accounting element 会计要素会计要素 Double-entry system 复式记账制复式记账制 T account T型账户型账户 Debit n.借方借方 vt.借记借记 Credit n.贷方贷方 vt.贷记贷记 Bala
16、nce 余额余额 Ledger n.总账总账 Chart of account 会计科目表会计科目表2022-5-1425.25First Level: Basic ObjectivesSecond Level: Fundamental ConceptsThird Level: Recognition and MeasurementBasic assumptionsBasic principlesConstraintsQualitative characteristicsBasic elements1.2 (Familiar with)Conceptual Framework for Fina
17、ncial Reporting 2022-5-1426.26First Level: Basic ObjectivesWhat are the objectives of financial reporting2022-5-1427.27Second Level: Fundamental ConceptsSecond Level = Qualitative Characteristics and Basic Elements2022-5-1428.28Second Level: Qualitative Characteristics2022-5-1429.29Liabilities 负债负债A
18、ssets 资产资产Equity 所有者权益所有者权益Expenses 支出支出Revenue 收入收入Net Income (or Net Loss)Second Level: Elements2022-5-1430.30Assets 资产资产 Assets are economic resources that are owed or controlled by a business. Probable future economic benefits obtained or controlled by a particular entity as a result of past tra
19、nsactions or events. Current assets 流动资产流动资产 Fixed assets 固定资产固定资产 Intangible assets 无形资产无形资产2022-5-1431.31Liability 负债负债 Liabilities are debts of a business owed to suppliers, banks, etc. Probable future sacrifices of economic benefits arising from present obligations of a particular entity to tran
20、sfer assets or provide services to other entities in the future as a result of past transactions or events. Current liabilities 流动负债流动负债 Long term liabilities 长期负债长期负债2022-5-1432.32Owners equity 所有者权益所有者权益 Owners equity is the net assets of a business. Residual interest in the assets of an entity th
21、at remains after deducting its liabilities. In a business enterprise, it is the owners interest. Capital 资本资本 Stockholders Equity 股东权益股东权益2022-5-1433.33Revenue 收入收入 Revenue is the increase in owners equity resulting from the sales of goods or services by the business. It constitutes the entitys ongo
22、ing major or central operations.Revenue helps increase owners equity .2022-5-1434.34Expense 费用费用 Expenses are the decrease in owners equity caused by the companys revenue-producing operations. Like revenues, expenses represent flows of resources during a period of time, but expenses are outflows whe
23、reas revenue if inflows.2022-5-1435.35Profit 利润利润 Net Income/Net Loss Profit, often called net income. The result of matching revenue with expenses. When revenue exceeds expenses, net income occurs, otherwise net loss occurs.2022-5-1436.36 Revenue Expense Profit They are opened at the beginning of a
24、n accounting period, and closed at the end of the period. In the accounting equation, they belong to owners equity .Temporary accounts2022-5-1437.37RevenueExpensesGainsLossesProfitSecond Level: ElementsAssetsLiabilitiesEquity“Moment in Time”“Period of Time”2022-5-1438.38Third Level: Recognition and
25、Measurement2022-5-1439.39 Conceptual Framework for Financial ReportingFirst levelSecond levelThird level2022-5-1440.401.3 What are the mechanics of double-entry accounting 2022-5-1441.411. 4The accounting equationAssets = Liabilities + Owners equity +(Revenues Expenses)shows the basic shows the basi
26、c relationship relationship between the between the accounting accounting elementselementsNet income (Net loss) = Revenues - ExpensesAssets=Liabilities + Owners Equity2022-5-1442.42Examine the balance condition of the accounting equation Assume that a business owns assets of $ 10,000, borrows from c
27、reditor $2,000, and that the owner invests $8,000. The accounting equation would be: $10 000=$2 000+$8 000 Suppose that $1 600 in cash has been used to pay for a debt, the changed equation would then be: $8 400=$400+$8 000 Suppose again that the business has received $3 500 as an income, the account
28、ing equation is : $11 900=$400+$11 500TransactionTransaction(会计事项)2022-5-1443.43Debit sideCredit sideAccount TitletotaltotalBalanceBalanceDr.Cr.1.5 T account2022-5-1444.44Double-entry Rules. Increases in assetsIncreases in assets are debiteddebited to asset accounts, decreases decreases must be cred
29、ited.credited. Increases in liabilitiesIncreases in liabilities and owners equityowners equity items are creditedare credited to liability and owners equity accounts, decreasesdecreases be debited.debited. . RevenuesRevenues will eventually increase increase owners equity and are creditedcredited, d
30、ecreasesdecreases of revenue are debiteddebited . ExpensesExpenses will eventually decreasedecrease owners equity and are debiteddebited in an expenses account, decreasesdecreases are creditedcredited.2022-5-1445.45Debit for DecreaseCredit for IncreaseDebit for DecreaseCredit for IncreaseCredit for
31、DecreaseDebit for IncreaseExpenses decrease owners equity.Revenues increase owners equity.n Debit and Credit Rules 2022-5-1446.46Debit for DecreaseCredit for IncreaseDebit for DecreaseCredit for IncreaseCredit for DecreaseDebit for IncreaseAn owners withdrawals decrease owners equity.An owners inves
32、tments increase owners equity.n Debit and Credit Rules 2022-5-1447.47 Assets, Expenses Liabilities, Owners equity, Revenue, ProfitDr. +(Increases)Cr. (Decreases)Dr. (Decreases)Cr. +(Increases)Entries in the T Account2022-5-1448.48=+=-AssetLiabilityEquityRevenueExpenseDebitCreditDebits and Credits Su
33、mmary2022-5-1449.49Basic Accounting EquationRelationship among the assets, liabilities and stockholders equity of a business: The equation must be in balance after every transaction. For every Debit there must be a Credit.2022-5-1450.50Double-Entry System ExerciseAssets=+1.Invested $32,000 cash and
34、equipment valued at $14,000 in the business.+ 32,000+ 14,000+ 46,0002022-5-1451.51Double-Entry System ExerciseAssets=+- 600- 600 (expense)2022-5-1452.52Double-Entry System ExerciseAssets=+ 3,200+ 3,2002022-5-1453.53Double-Entry System ExerciseAssets=+ 2,300+ 2,300 (revenue)2022-5-1454.54Double-Entry
35、 System ExerciseAssets=+ 6,100- 6,1002022-5-1455.55Double-Entry System ExerciseAssets=+- 7,000- 7,0002022-5-1456.56Assets=+ 10,000- 10,000Note that the accounting equation equality is maintained after recording each transaction.Double-Entry System Exercise2022-5-1457.57Ownership structure dictates t
36、he types of accounts that are part of the equity section.Proprietorship or PartnershipCorporationCapital AccountDrawing AccountCommon StockAdditional Paid-in CapitalDividends DeclaredRetained EarningsOwnership Structure2022-5-1458.58Corporation Ownership StructureStockholders EquityBalance SheetStat
37、ement of Retained EarningsNet income or Net lossDividends2022-5-1459.59Account GroupAccount NameAccount Number1.Assets CashNotes ReceivableAccounts ReceivablesuppliesPrepaid InsuranceFurnitureEquipmentBuildingLand1011051061251281301671711912.LiabilitiesNote PayableAccounts PayableSalaries PayableUne
38、arned RevenueInterest Payable2012022052362213.Owners equityCapital Withdrawals(or Drawing)3013111.61.6 Chart of AccountsChart of AccountsBalance Sheet Accounts2022-5-1460.604.RevenueRevenueSalesInterest Revenue4014115.Expenses Rent ExpensesSalaries ExpensesSupplies ExpensesUtilities ExpensesBank Ser
39、vice Charge ExpensesDepreciation ExpenseAdvertising ExpenseMiscellaneous Expense 501502504506509510530Income Statement Accounts2022-5-1461.61Stockholders Equity Barones Repair Shop was started on May. Prepare a tabular analysis of the following transactions for the month of May.+10,0001.+10,000CashA
40、ccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+1. Stockholders invested $10,000 cash to start the repair shop.InvestmentAssetsLiabilities2022-5-1462.62+10,0001.+10,000 2. Purchased equipment for $5,000 cash.-5,0002.+5,000InvestmentStockholders EquityCashAccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccount
41、s PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilities2022-5-1463.63+10,0001.+10,000 3. Paid $400 cash for May office rent.-5,0002.+5,000-4003.-400Stockholders EquityCashAccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilitiesRetained EarningsExpense+2022-5-1464.64+10,0001.+10,000-5,0002.+5,0
42、00-4003.-400Stockholders EquityCashAccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilitiesRetained Earnings+5,1004.+5,100 4. Received $5,100 from customers for repair service.Revenue+2022-5-1465.65+10,0001.+10,000-5,0002.+5,000-4003.-400Stockholders EquityCashAccounts Receivable
43、EquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilitiesRetained Earnings+5,1004.+5,100 5. Paid dividends of $1,000 cash.-1,0005.-1,000+2022-5-1466.66+10,0001.+10,000-5,0002.+5,000-4003.-400Stockholders EquityCashAccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilitiesRetained E
44、arnings+5,1004.+5,100-1,0005.-1,000 6. Paid part-time employee salaries of $2,000.-2,0006.-2,000Expense+2022-5-1467.67+10,0001.+10,000-5,0002.+5,000-4003.-400Stockholders EquityCashAccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilitiesRetained Earnings+5,1004.+5,100-1,0005.-1,0
45、00-2,0006.-2,000Expense 7. Incurred $250 of advertising costs, on account.+250-2507.+2022-5-1468.68+10,0001.+10,000-5,0002.+5,000-4003.-400Stockholders EquityCashAccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilitiesRetained Earnings+5,1004.+5,100-1,0005.-1,000-2,0006.-2,000Rev
46、enue+250-2507. 8. Provided repair services on account to customers $750.+7508.+750+2022-5-1469.69 6,820 + 630 + 5,000 = 250 + 10,000 +2,200+10,0001.+10,000-5,0002.+5,000-4003.-400Stockholders EquityCashAccounts ReceivableEquipmentAccounts PayableCommon Stock+=+AssetsLiabilitiesRetained Earnings+5,10
47、04.+5,100-1,0005.-1,000-2,0006.-2,000+250-2507.+7508.+750 9. Collected $120 cash for services previously billed.+1209.-120+2022-5-1470.70Companies prepare four financial statements from the summarized accounting data:Balance SheetIncome StatementStatement of Cash FlowsRetained Earnings Statement2022
48、-5-1471.71 Income StatementReports the revenues and expenses for a specific period of time.Net profit revenues exceed expenses.Net loss expenses exceed revenues.2022-5-1472.72 Income StatementRetained Earnings StatementNet profit is needed to determine the ending balance in retained earnings.2022-5-
49、1473.73Retained Earnings StatementStatement indicates the reasons why retained earnings has increased or decreased during the period.2022-5-1474.74 Balance SheetRetained Earnings StatementThe ending balance in retained earnings is needed in preparing the balance sheet.2022-5-1475.75Reports the asset
50、s, liabilities, and stockholders equity at a specific date.Assets listed at the top, followed by liabilities and stockholders equity.Total assets must equal total liabilities and stockholders equity. Balance Sheet2022-5-1476.76Statement of Cash Flows Balance Sheet2022-5-1477.77Statement of Cash Flow
