1、To learn more about relative clauses.To learn to describe people or things in greater detail.定义定义用作定语的从句用作定语的从句类型类型限制性限制性定语从句定语从句描述主句所涉及的人或物的描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。义不完整或失去意义。非限制性非限制性定语从句定语从句对主句所描述的人或物提供对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，补充说明作用；如附加情况，补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。省去
2、，主句意义仍完整。关系词关系词关系代词关系代词that, which, who, whom,whose, as等等关系副词关系副词 when, where, why等等定语从句定语从句关系关系代词代词that指物和人指物和人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语which指物指物在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语who指人指人在从句中作主语或宾语在从句中作主语或宾语whom在从句中作宾语在从句中作宾语whose指人和物指人和物在从句中作定语在从句中作定语as指物指物在从句中作主语在从句中作主语引导定语从句的关系词引导定语从句的关系词关系关系副词副词when指时间指时间在从句中作时间状语
3、在从句中作时间状语where指地点指地点在从句中作地点状语在从句中作地点状语why指原因指原因在从句中作原因状语在从句中作原因状语Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs.After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.Temple
4、s and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water.Find more sentences containing relative clauses from the text on page 4.There comes a time when the old must give way to the new.Water from the dam wou
5、ld likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypts cultural heritage.Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.Not only had the countries found
6、 a path to the future that did not run over the relics of the past,Discuss briefly with a partner the major functions of them. Then make a short summary in a table or mind map.that与与who指人作主语或宾语时均指人作主语或宾语时均可互换；可互换；that与与whom指人作宾时指人作宾时均可互换；均可互换；that与与which指物作主指物作主语或作宾语时均可以互换；语或作宾语时均可以互换；that, which, w
7、hom, who作宾语时，在口作宾语时，在口语或非正式场合可以省略。语或非正式场合可以省略。that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代理由的名词后取代when, where, why和和“介词介词+ which”引导的定语引导的定语从句从句，在非正式文体中在非正式文体中that常被省略。常被省略。Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses.1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egy
8、pt.The photo (that/which) he showed me in his room was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.I have downloaded that free app, but it doesnt work well.The free app (which/that) I have downloaded doesnt work well.vt.&n.下载下载2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Repub
9、lic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries.The project team whose members were from fifteen countries helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania.3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.The time when this temple was first built was during
10、the Qin Dynasty.n.共和国共和国4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.The professional archaeologist (who/ whom) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building su
11、ch a difficult structure.adj.&n.职业的职业的;专业人员专业人员n.入口入口;进入进入n.过程过程vt.处理处理;加工加工5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday.The place where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk.adj.海外的海外的adv.在海外在
12、海外6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.The reason why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.Which relative pronouns can be deleted
13、?做主语的关系代词不可以省略；做主语的关系代词不可以省略；作宾语的关系代词经常被省略，出现作宾语的关系代词经常被省略，出现“介介词词+关系代词关系代词”时，关系代词不可省略。时，关系代词不可省略。1. He is a person who I like to talk with. whom that 2. He is a person with whom I like to talk. whom不可省略。不可省略。Play a game of definitions. One asks the questions below and the other answers them with re
14、lative clauses. Work out two more questions of your own.A: What is an exit?B: An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building.v.&n.出去出去;出口出口1. Whats a library? (from/in which; where)A: What is a library?B: A library is a place from/in which you can borrow books.B: A library is a pla
15、ce where you can borrow books.2. Whats a good friend? (to whom; who)A: What is a good friend?B: A good friend is someone to whom you can tell your problems. B: A good friend is someone who you can tell your problems to.3. Whats a vacation? (during which; when)A: What is a vacation?B: A vacation is a
16、 time during which you dont work.B: A vacation is a time when you dont work.4. Whats a football coach? (from whom; who)A: What is a football coach?B: A football coach is someone who trains football players.B: A football coach is someone from whom football players receive training.A: Whats a giraffe?
17、B: A giraffe is an animal that has a long neck.A: Whats a dentist?B: A dentist is someone who looks after your teeth.Use dialogue. If there is a relevant conversation that will attract your readers attention, consider using part of it to start your paragraph.Describe an emotion. Use the opening sent
18、ence to portray an emotion.Use detail. While you dont want to write too much in detail, its a good idea to create interest using sensory language in topic sentence.How do you describe people or things?To use more complicated sentence structures. attributive clausesHow do you describe people or thing
19、s in more detail?限制性定语从句的一些注意事项：限制性定语从句的一些注意事项：1. much/all后用后用that不用不用which，作定语从句，作定语从句的宾语时可以省略。的宾语时可以省略。 eg There was not much (that) we could do when it was raining. That is all that works.2. 关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to/for。 无关系代词时，也要用无关系代词时，也要用to/for。 eg Who is the girl that he gave the flow
20、er to? The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister.3. 正式英语中，介词可放从句之首，正式英语中，介词可放从句之首，whom/which 之前。注意介词不能放之前。注意介词不能放who/that前。前。 eg This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring. He asked a question to which there was no answer.4. 定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则介词不能移至从句之首。动词，则介词
21、不能移至从句之首。 eg He received the email he was looking forward to.介词介词+关系代词关系代词关系代词关系代词whom 或或which 在定语从句中作介词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成介宾语时，介词可放在后面，也可提前构成介词词+关系代词关系代词whom (先行词指人先行词指人)/ which (先行先行词指物词指物) 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。注意：介词不可放注意：介词不可放who/that前。前。Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. =Mary is the
22、 girl from whom I borrowed a book.介词的选择介词的选择1. 介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配。介词与从句中谓语动词的搭配。 You must remember the person to whom you lent your money.2. 介词与先行词的搭配。介词与先行词的搭配。 The wall on which there was a picture has been painted.3. 结合语境恰当选用介词。结合语境恰当选用介词。 The river over which there is a bridge is very deep.1. My frie
23、nd showed me around the town, _ was very kind of him.2. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other.3. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house _ I would be staying.whichwhich/thatwhere4. If a shop has chairs _ women can park t
24、heir men, women will spend more time in the shop.5. If you dont tell us the reason _ you didnt show at the party, Im afraid you cant pass off.6. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.7. Students should involve themselves in community activities _ they c
25、an gain experience for growth.wherewhywhenwhere9. He was generous with his time, _ which people were very grateful.10. What do you think of the direction _ which we are driving?11. They held a grand graduation ceremony, _ which the students expressed their thanks to the teachers.12. I have many frie
26、nds, _ whom some are businessmen.forinatof选用正确的关系词填空。选用正确的关系词填空。1. China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot _ it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. (2020.新课标全国新课标全国I卷卷)2. In ancient China lived an artist 61._ paintings were almost lifelike. (2020.新课标新课标全国全
27、国III卷卷)wherewhose 3. The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum _ opened in 1759. (2020. 全国新高考全国新高考I卷卷)which/that 4. Many lessons are now available online, from _ students can choose for free. (2020.江苏卷江苏卷)A. Whose B. which C. when
28、D. whom5. We have entered into an age _ dreams have the best chance of coming true. (2019江苏卷江苏卷单项填空单项填空) A. which B. what C. when D. that6. Their child is at the stage _ she can say individual words but not full sentences. (2019天津卷天津卷单项填空单项填空) A. why B. where C. which D. what7. One afternoon where I
29、 was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. (2019新课标新课标卷卷短文改错短文改错)8. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， _ she opened with her late husband Les. (2019新课标新课标卷卷语法填空语法填空)whenwhere用合适的关系词补全下面短文。用合适的关系词补全下面短文。In and around Bradstone, many fac
30、tories unexpectedly closed down, 1. _ resulted in a sharp rise in local unemployment. But news that on a site of an old factory 2. _ the construction of a new high-technology centre will begin shortly made people happy. Network UK, the company responsible, made the announcement. whichwhereThey said
31、they would soon start to advertise for 200 new staff 3. _ were suitably qualified for the new jobs available. The management said it was also their intention to offer fifty job-training positions for young people 4. _ have recently left school. They want to build up a dynamic, well-trained and enthusiastic team, making Bradstone a happy and wealthy town once again.who / thatwho / thatWrite 7 sentences to describe people/ things/ buildings, etc. At least 3 restrictive relative clauses must be used.
