1、名词分类和名词词组的句法功能主要内容 一、名词的定义一、名词的定义 二、名次分类二、名次分类三、名词词组和句法功能三、名词词组和句法功能一、名词的定义名词名词 (Nouns)(Nouns)：指人、物、事、：指人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。抽象事物的词。二、名词分类1 1、简单名词、复合名词、派生名词、简单名词、复合名词、派生名词 简单名词：包含一个自由词素的名词，简单名词：包含一个自由词素的名词，如如manman、chairchair、landland、shipship、waterwater、gasgas等。等。 复合名词：由两个或两个以上自由词
2、素复合名词：由两个或两个以上自由词素合成的名词，如合成的名词，如armchairarmchair、farmlandfarmland、seasideseaside、roommateroommate等。等。 派生名词：指由动词、形容词、简单名派生名词：指由动词、形容词、简单名词加词缀构成的名词，如词加词缀构成的名词，如arrangementarrangement、expectationexpectation、abilityability、greatnessgreatness等。等。2、普通名词和专有名词3、可数名词和不可数名词 可数名词有单、复数形式；不可数名可数名词有单、复数形式；不可数名词一般
3、没有单、复数之分，但有时也可以以复词一般没有单、复数之分，但有时也可以以复数形式出现，表示不同意义。数形式出现，表示不同意义。 个体名词个体名词都是可数名词，有单、复数形都是可数名词，有单、复数形式，可以计数；比如说式，可以计数；比如说a cara car，two carstwo cars，one one peachpeach，ten peachesten peaches；集体名词集体名词有的可数，有有的可数，有的不可数，比如说的不可数，比如说a familya family，two familiestwo families，却不可以说却不可以说a furniturea furniture，t
4、wo furniturestwo furnitures；物物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词质名词、抽象名词和专有名词通常不可以计数，通常不可以计数，从而是不可数名词。从而是不可数名词。普 个体名词 可数通 集体名词 名词名 物质名词 词 抽象名词 不可数名词专有名词注意注意：可数名词与不可数名词的划分：可数名词与不可数名词的划分关系到名词与限定词的搭配，也关系关系到名词与限定词的搭配，也关系到主语和谓语动词的一致（主谓一致）到主语和谓语动词的一致（主谓一致）三、名词词组的句法功能1 1、名词词组的结构模式、名词词组的结构模式 （限定词）（限定词）+ +（前置修饰语）（前置修饰语）+ +名词名词+
5、+（后（后置修饰语）置修饰语） 例如：例如：a a boyboy a little boy a little boy a lovely little boy a lovely little boy a most lovely little boy a most lovely little boy a most lovely little boy a most lovely little boy at playat play a most lovely little boy a most lovely little boy in red at playin red at play名词词组用途广泛
6、，可以在句子中充当主语、名词词组用途广泛，可以在句子中充当主语、主语补语、宾语、宾语补语、同位语、介词补主语补语、宾语、宾语补语、同位语、介词补足成分、状语和连词；但足成分、状语和连词；但不能不能充当谓语成分。充当谓语成分。做主语EgEg：1 1、Children at play Children at play seldom remember what seldom remember what time it is.time it is.2 2、The boys quarrelling over the game The boys quarrelling over the game each
7、 insisted that the other was unfair.each insisted that the other was unfair.做主语补语EgEg：1 1、That That was an attractive little black was an attractive little black chairchair. .2 2、My grandfather My grandfather died a martyr to his died a martyr to his revolutionary idealrevolutionary ideal. .做宾语EgEg：
8、1 1、They gave himThey gave him a first-rate education a first-rate education. .2 2、In the hall,I saw In the hall,I saw some extremely some extremely valuable picturesvaluable pictures. .做宾语补语EgEg：1 1、They elected him They elected him chairman of the boardchairman of the board. .2 2、The School Board
9、have appointed her The School Board have appointed her superintendent of the citys schoolssuperintendent of the citys schools. .做同位语EgEg：1 1、Mr Brown,Mr Brown,director of the coal director of the coal minemine,should be responsible for the ,should be responsible for the accident.accident.2 2、Alice,A
10、lice,a professor of the a professor of the departmentdepartment,will be invited to our English ,will be invited to our English evening.evening.做介词补足成分EgEg：1 1、We teachers should be concerned about We teachers should be concerned about the students moral culturethe students moral culture. .2 2、Within
11、 the house nothing stirs, In Within the house nothing stirs, In the the garden garden I can hear the singing of I can hear the singing of birdsbirds.I .I can hear the rustle of can hear the rustle of their wingstheir wings. .做状语和连词EgEg：1 1、He returned He returned last nightlast night. .2 2、A photo is taken A photo is taken each time each time this button this button is pushed.is pushed.3 3、She phoned her parents She phoned her parents the moment the moment she she reached the hotel.reached the hotel.
