1、We主主s sWe主主s sknowhim简单句简单句谓谓v v宾宾o oknowhe likes English. 复合句复合句谓谓v v主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o oThe Objective Clause 宾语从句宾语从句1) I know that he will come.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered my birthday.4) It depends on whether they will support us.5) He doesnt care what the headmaster said.6) Please tell
2、 me when he came back from the south.7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?8) He asked whose book it belonged to.1) I know that he will come.2) I wonder whether/if she remembered my birthday.4) It depends on whether they will support us. 5) He doesnt care what the headmaster said.6) Ple
3、ase tell me when he came back from the south.7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy? 8) He asked whose book it belonged to.Questions1. 什么是宾语从句？什么是宾语从句？2. 哪些词性后常接宾语从句？哪些词性后常接宾语从句？3. 引导宾语从句的连接词有哪些？引导宾语从句的连接词有哪些？1、 在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫宾语从句。宾语从句。2、宾语从句常放在、宾语从句常放在及物动词及物动词和和介介词词之后。之后。3、宾
4、语从句的语序、宾语从句的语序-陈述陈述语序语序（主语（主语+谓语）谓语）4、连接词有：、连接词有：从属连词从属连词 that, whether, if连接代词连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whoever, whatever等等连接副词连接副词 where, how, why, when等等从属连词从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注1：that在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常充当成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省略。省略。我听说他一小时后回来。我听说他一小时后回来。I hear (tha
5、t) he will be back in an hour.是不是所有的that都能省略？从属连词从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注2：如果宾语从句太长，可以用：如果宾语从句太长，可以用it做形式做形式宾语，将真正的宾语放于句末宾语，将真正的宾语放于句末, 连接词连接词that不能省略。不能省略。consider, find, think, feel, make, believe 等动词常带宾语补足语, 用it做形式宾语 , 宾语从句放到宾补之后1. We think that middle school students master one foreign language
6、possible . (改用形式宾语改用形式宾语it )2. We have made that a foreign language is useful weapon in the struggle of life clear. (改用形式宾语改用形式宾语it )3. 我认为学好英语是非常必要的。我认为学好英语是非常必要的。有从属连词有从属连词that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注3：当主句的谓语动词是：当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect等引导否定含义的等引导否定含义的宾从时，要把否定结构移到上述动宾从时，要把否定结构移到上述动词上来。词上来。
7、我认为你是不对的。我认为你是不对的。I dont think you are right.I dont believe they will come here. 从属连词从属连词if, whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句注注1：whether, if 有有“是否是否”的含义，在从句的含义，在从句也不充当成分。也不充当成分。老师问我们是否准备好了期末考试。老师问我们是否准备好了期末考试。The teacher asked us if / whether weare ready for the final examination.I doubt whether he will be aga
8、inst the idea.doubt1. I doubt if / whether he will pass the exam. 2. I dont doubt that we will win the match.3. Do you doubt that he did it on his own? 肯定句中用 if / whether否定句中用 that 疑定句中用 that 1. I doubt _he is telling the truth. if / whetherthat 2. We never doubt _ the plan will be carried out .that
9、 3. Does he doubt _ you are from Austria?if / whether4. Im doubtful _ he will agree to this.从属连词从属连词if, whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句a. 引导宾语从句时whether与if可以互换:She asked me whether/if the teacher would leave.b. 作介词的宾语或同不定式连用时只能用 whether；It all depends on whether they will help us.I dont know whether to go.c.
10、和or (not)连在一起时只能用whether引导；The meal will be ready for her whether she comes or not.d. 位于句首引导主语从句只能用 whether；Whether they will come is unknown.e. 引导表语从句、同位语从句时只能用 whether引导；The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai.The issue whetherhe will come tomorrow is under discussion.连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句连接代
11、词和连接副词引导的宾语从句注：连接代词注：连接代词what, which, who等在从句中可等在从句中可充当主语，表语，宾语等；充当主语，表语，宾语等；连接副词连接副词when, where, how等在从句中可等在从句中可充当状语。充当状语。1.I didnt hear _he wanted me to do.whatthat/whichI didnt hear the news _he wanted me to know.2. Ms Xiao asked who could answer the question.3. He wants to know whom/who they are
12、 waiting for?4. He asked me why I was late for class this morning?5. He asked whose writing was the best in the class?that how whether whatthat1. He doesnt doubt _ she can pass the exam.2. Could you do me a favor? -It depends _ it is.what3. We havent settled the question of whether_ it is necessary
13、for him to study abroad. how4. Do you know _ Tom is getting with his neighbors?5、时态与语序：、时态与语序：Why are you so happy ?He askedWhy you were so happy ?Am I taller than you?He askedif/whetherwasHe taller than them.宾语从句的时态与语序宾语从句的时态与语序1）宾语从句的语序为陈述语序）宾语从句的语序为陈述语序May I ask what you are doing in this country
14、 and what your plans are?2)主句用现在时时主句用现在时时,从句可根据需要选用各种时态从句可根据需要选用各种时态I think that the Greens have left for Hawaii.I want to know if/whether he will go surfing this afternoon.3)主句为过去时主句为过去时,从句用相对应的过去时态从句用相对应的过去时态1. Tom said. He is reading a book. Tom said that he was reading a book.2. Who bought the p
15、en? He wondered. He wondered who had bought the pen.3. Where is the hospital? He told me. He told me where the Hospital was.4. He asks me. Are they playing a game? He asks me if/whether they are playing a game.注意注意：如从句表示客观真理：如从句表示客观真理,可用现在时可用现在时Yesterday Tom said that the earth goes round the sun.Th
16、e Predicative Clause 表语从句表语从句1. Her question was that she has no time to look after her daughter.2. The question is whether the boy will turn up in time.3. Tom is no longer what he used to be .4. That is where I cant agree with you.1. Her question was that she has no time to look after her daughter.
17、2. The question is whether the boy will turn up in time.3. Tom is no longer what he used to be .4. That is where I cant agree with you.Questions1. 什么是表语从句？什么是表语从句？2. 引导表语从句的连接词有哪些？引导表语从句的连接词有哪些？3. 哪些词性后常接表语从句？哪些词性后常接表语从句？表语从句从句在句中充当从句在句中充当表语表语成分，一般放在成分，一般放在连连系动词系动词之后之后. 作用：对主语进行解释说明。作用：对主语进行解释说明。连接词
18、：连接词：that / whether （ if 不引导表语从句，不引导表语从句， that不省不省)连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what (充当充当 主语主语, 宾语宾语,定语定语, 表语，有自己的词义表语，有自己的词义.)连接副词：连接副词：when / where / why / how / because(有有词义，词义，充当时间充当时间, 地点地点,方式方式,原因状语原因状语.)1. that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起
19、进一步解。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。释的作用。e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.2. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底”（注意注意：if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. The question is whether that man will turn up in time3. where, when, why,
20、how引导的表语从句引导的表语从句连接副词连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。具有词义。e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you.This is why Sara was late for the meeting.This is how they overcome the difficulties.My strongest memory is when I attended an American w
21、edding.注意下列表语从句中where, how, why 的译法1. This iswhere Lu Xun once lived.这就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方. 这就是的地方This is how 2. That was howthey won the match.这就是的方法他们就是这样赢得这场比赛的. This is why.3. This is whyshe got up so early this morning.这就是的原因这就是她为什么今天早上起得这么早的原因.1.我们就是这样克服困难的 .This is whereThis is / That was how we overc
22、ame the difficulties.2.那就是他昨天缺席的原因 .That is why he was absent yesterday.3.这就是我们上星期碰头的地方 .This is where we met last Sunday.4. What who which 等等引导的表语从句引导的表语从句连接代词：连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what (充充当当 主语主语, 宾语宾语,定语定语, 表语，有自己的词义表语，有自己的词义.)e.g. Thats what he could do at the age of 6.Tom is whom y
23、ou can turn to when you have trouble.1. I am afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is _ he never finishes anything. 2011 山东卷A. thatB. whenC. whereD. whyD2.Id like to start my own business-that s _ Id do if I had the money (2011 陕西卷）. A.why B. when C. which D. whatD3. One reason for her pref
24、erence for city life is_ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. （10上海36）A. that B. how C. what D. whyA4.I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays. （10江苏35）DThats_I dont agree .You should have a more active life. A. where B. how C. when D. what5. Pa
25、rt of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life. （10北京32）A. what B. that C. why D. whetherB1. Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt _ he could have expressed it differently.（2012北京）A. why B. how C. that D. whethe
26、rcBA2. Scientists study _ human brains work to make computers. （2012四川）A.when B. how C. that D. whether3. The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face.（2011北京卷)A. what B. how C. that D. why4. The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of _ others
27、actually understand. (2011上海卷)A. why B. that C. which D. whatD5. Weve offered her the job, but I dont know_ shell accept it （2011山东卷）.A. whereB. whatC. whetherD. whichc6. His writing is so confusing that its difficult to make out _it is he is trying to express. (2011安徽卷)A.that B. how C. who D. whatD
28、7. Our teachers always tell us to believe in _ we do and who we are if we want to succeed. (2011四川卷)A. why B. how C. what D. whichC8. Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach _ to read first. （2011辽宁卷）A. what B. who C. how D. whyC9. It is not always easy for the public to see _ us
29、e a new invention can be of to human life. （2011重庆卷）A.whoseB. whatC. whichD. thatB10. We should respect food and think about the people who dont have _ we have here and treat food nicely. （2010福建35）A.that B. which C. what D. whetherC11. Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the
30、 office knew _she was so angry. （2010湖南35）A. where B. whether C. that D. why D12. As a new graduate, he doesnt know_ it takes to start a business here. （2010天津14）A. howB. whatC. WhenD. whichB关联词比较whether / ifwhether / if1.Please tell me you will go to the lecture tomorrow.2. It all depends on whethe
31、r the sky will clear up.whether3. The question isthe film is well worth seeing.whether4. he will be well tomorrow I am not sure.whether5. it is true remains a problem.A.B.C.D.引导宾语从句时可互换.位于介词后要用whether.位于句首时要用whether.引导表语从句, 主语从句, 从句时,要用 whether.同位语what / thatthat? 1. I think it is unnecessary for me
32、 to speak louder.what2. His mother is satisfied with he has done.That? 3. he was able to come made us happy.what? 4. This is makes us interested.? 5. The reason was Tod had never thatseen the million pound note before.所引导的从所引导的从汉语意义汉语意义句是否句是否缺主缺主语语, 表语表语,宾语宾语what什么什么; 所所.的的缺缺(东西东西/事情事情)能否省略能否省略不能省略不
33、能省略that不缺不缺无意义无意义引导宾语从引导宾语从句时可省略句时可省略.Correct the mistakes(改错改错)1.He asked me why was I late for school.2.Tom didnt know what he does yesterday.3.Li lei said the earth went around the sun.4.He doesnt know that when he can come back.5.Lily said she didnt know how much did the computer cost.6.I dont k
34、now if he can help me or not.1. He asked me why was I late for school.I was 注意语序。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。注意语序。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。即先主语后谓语即先主语后谓语2. Tom didnt know what he does yesterday.did3. Li lei said the earth went around the sun.客观事实或真理用一般现在时客观事实或真理用一般现在时goes4. He doesnt know that when he can come back.去掉去掉th
35、at宾语从句中不能同时用两个连接词宾语从句中不能同时用两个连接词5.Lily said she didnt know how much did the computer cost.去掉去掉did宾语从句应用陈述语序宾语从句应用陈述语序6.I dont know if he can help me or not.whetherwhetheror not和和whether or not1.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of Cinsects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D
36、. when A2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where B3.Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. BA
37、. why B. where C. what D. how5.I think Father would like to know_ Ive Cbeen up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 6.The road is covered with snow. I cant Aunderstand_ they insist on going by motorbike. A.why B.whether C.when D.how 7.-Are you still thinkin
38、g about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_. AA. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has Dsaid; they are waiting to see_ he will do. A. how B. that C. when D. what9.-I think its going to be a big pr
39、oblem. -Yes, it could be. b-I wonder _ we can do about it. A. if B. how C. what D. that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well. AA. what B. that C. which D. why A11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken . A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it wa
40、s D. it was why12.Never take _for granted that I will Bhelp you. Better depend on yourself. A. that B. it C. which D. this C13.It looks _he is unhappy today. A. that B. if C. as if D. whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I Awould do_ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whiche
41、ver D15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her daughter. A. whom B. which C. that D. what单项选择单项选择C16.I dont know_ we can live on the island without any food.A.where B what C how D thatB17.Could you tell me _?A Where is the part ? B Whos on duty ?C Whose book is this ? D What are they doi
42、ng ?B18. The teacher told us that the earth _around the sun.A moved B moves C move D movingC19.Could you tell me _?A if he would come tomorrowB will he come tomorrowC whether he will come tomorrowD If he comes tomorrowC20.I did nt know that Mr. Smith _yet.A. has returned B has returned C had returne
43、d D returned 1.We wonder how we shall do next.what2.Could you tell me where are they having a picnic?they are3. We believe that they have finished their task, dont we ?havent they4.I am sorry that I dont know you want to takedidntpart in the competition.5.Mr. Li seems that he is very expert at repai
44、ring at computers.as if ?who / whoeverWho1.The competition is coming. will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet.whoever2. I believe takes part in the competition will try his best.what / whateverwhat3. Can you tell me you d like to order?4. Whateverhappens, dont be surprised.5.All the food here
45、 is delicious. Just order Whateveryou like.名词从句who whoeverwhat whatever让步状语从句/表 “谁”表”.” 的任表” 不论谁”何人/表”什么”“所.的东西”表”.的任“ 无论什么”何东西”1.We cannot figure out_ quite a number of Cinsects, birds, and animals are dying out. A. that B. as C. why D. when A2.A modern city has been set up in_ was a wasteland ten
46、years ago. A. what B. which C. that D. where B3.Parents are taught to understand_important education is to their childrens future. A. that B. how C. such D. so 4.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. BA. why B. where C. what D. how5.I think Father would like to know
47、_ Ive Cbeen up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. A. which B. why C. what D. how 6.The road is covered with snow. I cant Aunderstand_ they insist on going by motorbike. A. why B. whether C. when D. how 7.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_. AA. what makes me feel
48、 excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited 8.People have heard what the President has Dsaid; they are waiting to see_ he will do. A. how B. that C. when D. what9.-I think its going to be a big problem. -Yes, it could be. C-I wonder _ we can do about it. A
49、. if B. how C. what D. that 10.Perseverance is a kind of quality-and thats _ it takes to do anything well. AA. what B. that C. which D. why A11.I really dont know _ I had this photo taken . A. where it was that B. it was that C. where it was D. it was why12.Never take _for granted that I will Bhelp
50、you. Better depend on yourself. A. that B. it C. which D. this C13.It looks _he is unhappy today. A. that B. if C. as if D. whether 14.These wild flowers are so special I Awould do_ I can to save them. A. whatever B. that C. which D. whichever D15.The old woman was shocked by _ had happened to her d
