1、动词不定式动词不定式动词不定式的结构动词不定式的结构肯定：肯定： to + V.原原或者或者 (to)+ V.原原否定：否定：not/never + (to) + V.原原1) He likes to read novels.2) I saw him come.3) We decided not to buy that house.4) It is interesting to fly a kite.5) Please let him not go there. 作主语作主语To hear your voice is so nice.It is so nice to hear your voi
2、ce.To study hard is very important.It is very important to study hard.注意注意:不定式作主语时，通常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面。1、It is +adj. for/ of sb. to do sth.作主语作主语It +be + adj. +for/of sb. to do sth.for: adj.多多为为 描描述述 不不定定 式式行行 为为的的特特 征征（important/ necessary / interesting 等等.）of: adj. 多为多为 描述主语的品质特征描述主语的品质特征（kind /
3、 nice / friendly / wise / foolish 等等.）It is easy _ her to learn English well.forofIt is clever _ you to solve the problem.作主语作主语2、It takes sb. some time to do sth.我每天花去三个小时完成家庭作业。It takes me three hours to finish the homework every day. I spend three hours finishing the homework every day.作主语作主语3、It
4、 is + n. (for sb) to do sth.It is my pleasure to help you with your English.作主语作主语4 4、用在谚语中、用在谚语中ToTo saysee is to believe.is easy, but to do is hard.练习练习for1、It is necessary _us to learn to wait. (of/for)2、It was careless _me to break the cup .of（of/for)to buy3、It took them 1,000 yuan _this table.
5、(buy)to carry4、It is my pleasure _ the box for you.(carry)练习练习5、轮到我们打扫教室了。、轮到我们打扫教室了。It is our turn_to clean the classroom.6、To waste time is to shorten life. （翻译成中文）（翻译成中文）浪费时间就是缩短生命。浪费时间就是缩短生命。作宾语作宾语1 1、动词、动词+ to do sth.常用动词有：常用动词有：want / wish / like / would like / hope / plan / try / decide / lea
6、rn / need / agree / begin / start / forget / remember / manage / seem / fail/ manage/ promise等等1、I hope to finish it tomorrow .2、She plans to go and teach in the country. 作宾语作宾语2 2、动词疑问词、动词疑问词+to do1、我不知道接下来该做什么。I dont know_ next.what to do2、她不能决定买哪本书。which book to buyShe cant decide_.=She cant deci
7、de which book she should buy.练习练习to turn off the light1、Dont forget _.(关灯关灯)to go out2、I happened _when he called me. （出去）（出去）to depend on others依赖别人）依赖别人）3、I dont want_. (how to drive a car怎样开车）怎样开车）4、Sam is learning_. (to protect5、We promise _ the environment.(保护保护)作宾补作宾补- -对宾语进行补充说明对宾语进行补充说明1、动词动
8、词 + 宾语（宾语（sb./sth.) + to do sth.1、The teacher asked her to answer the question. 2、The doctor told me to have a good rest.常用动词有：ask, tell, allow, want 等2、动词、动词+宾语宾语+不带不带to的不定式的不定式动词多为感官动词、使动词。动词多为感官动词、使动词。一感：feel二听：hear, listen to三使：make, let, have四看：see, notice, watch, look atJohns mother makes him
9、play the piano every day. 被动：John _ play the piano every day.is made to练习练习finish1、Let him _ the work at once. (finish / to finish)2、Do you like listening to other people_?talk(talk / talking/to talk ) 3、Jim was seen _the room.to enter(enter /to enter )to come4、Please tell her _here on time . (come
10、/ to come)(to ) solve5、Ill help you _this problem. (to solve /solve )6、 I wish you will stay with us.(改成简单句）改成简单句）I wish you to stay with us.7、Her story made us laugh. (改成被动句）改成被动句）We were made to laugh by her story.作表语作表语1、主语、主语 + be + to do sth主语多为主语多为 duty / wish / hope / idea / plan / ambition/
11、dream / work / job 等等 名词名词我的梦想是成为一名歌手。他的工作是每天清扫教室。1、My ambition is to be a singer. 2、His work is to clean the classroom every day.2 2、谚语中、谚语中1、To know everything is 2、To see is to believe.to know nothing.作定语作定语位置位置： 放在被修饰词的后面放在被修饰词的后面I have a lot of work to do. I want to find something to drink.不定式为
12、不及物动词时后面应有必要的不定式为不及物动词时后面应有必要的介词介词。Im looking for a hotel _.DA. stay B. stay at C. to stay D. to stay atHe hasnt got a house to live_.inwithI have no pens to write _.作状语作状语1、原因状语、原因状语: 主语主语 + be + adj.(表情感表情感) + to do sth.(happy/ glad angry / sorry / sad /afraid Im sorry to hear that.Im glad to see
13、you. 等等)2 2、目的状语、目的状语The soldier ran into the room to save the girl_ _ the soldier run into the room?Why didMany parents send their children abroad _.(to further their studies深造学习).3 3、结果状语、结果状语too + adj./adv. +to do sth.adj./adv. enough to do sth.You are too young to do this job. He ran fast enough
14、 to catch the bus. 动词不定式可以充当的句子成分动词不定式可以充当的句子成分1、作主语、作主语2、作宾语、作宾语3、作宾语补足语、作宾语补足语4、作表语、作表语5、作定语、作定语6、作状语、作状语7、与特殊疑问词连用8、特殊用法和固定表达下列不定式作何种成分？下列不定式作何种成分？All I did was to give him some advice（表语）（表语）. Lucy needs a friend to play with（定语）（定语）.He was the last guest to arrive .（定语）（定语）（表语）（表语）His dream is
15、to travel all over the world.Its interesting to read a science fiction . （主语）（主语）下列不定式作何种成分？下列不定式作何种成分？He was glad to see you.（状语）（状语）My father offered to buy a computer for me.（宾语）（宾语）He interviewed detective Ken to get someinformation .（状语）（状语）The doctor asked him to have more fruit and vegetables
16、.（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）介词介词 to 与与不定式不定式 to 的区别的区别1、习惯于be used to _doing被用于be used to _doWater is used to _put (put) out fires.I am used to _taking (take) a walk after supper.2、prefer to 比起来更喜欢比起游泳来，我更喜欢跑步。I prefer _ to _.running swimming3、look forward to期待，盼望Im looking forward to _visiting(visit) Beijing ag
17、ain.1. 作主语作主语2. 作宾语作宾语3. 作宾语补足语作宾语补足语4. 作定语作定语5. 作状语作状语6. 作表语作表语7. 作独立成分作独立成分8. 与疑问词等连用与疑问词等连用三三. 用法用法/ 功能功能(1). 主语主语To see is to believe.It s important to learn .不定式作主语时不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后往往放在谓语之后,用用it作形式主语作形式主语.(2). 表语表语isMy job to help the patient.Your task to clean the isclassroom.I want to go home
18、.The workers demanded to get better pay.I found it necessary to talk to him again.think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do (3) 宾语宾语常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：hope, refuse, learn, set outchoose, decide, agree, manage,pretend, plan.warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等(4). 宾补宾补The teacher told me to
19、clean the blackboardI expect you to give me some help.listen to 一听一听二看二看hearwatch seelook at 三使三使letmakehave四注意四注意: notice五感觉五感觉: feel2. 用作宾语补足语：用作宾语补足语：(v.+ sb. + to do )She asked me to help her.The teacher told him to come on time.Edisons mother taught him to read and write.want sb. to dowish sb.
20、to doget sb. to doorder sb. to dofind sb. to be like sb. to dowould like sb. to do help sb. to do(5). 定语定语I have something to say.He has a lot of homework to do.He is looking for a room to live in .There is nothing to worry about.(如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词则不定式中要有介词.)?不定式作定语时，应放在不定式作定语
21、时，应放在 被修饰词的后面被修饰词的后面，而，而且放在其他后置定语之后。且放在其他后置定语之后。1. 不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有 三种三种关系：关系：(1)动宾关系动宾关系I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系主谓关系He is always the first to come.他总是第一个来。他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系同位关系We all have a chance to go to college.我们都有上大学的机会。我们都有上大学的机会。2. 不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动不定式
22、所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有式后面仍须有相应的介词相应的介词。请给我一支写字的笔请给我一支写字的笔.Please give me a pen to write with.3. 不定式所修饰的名词如果是不定式所修饰的名词如果是time, place或或way，不定式后面的不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去介词习惯上要省去。He had no money and no place to live.他没钱没地方住。他没钱没地方住。4. something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不
23、定代词常用不定式做后置定语。等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。注意比较：注意比较：1. Do you have anything to send?你有什么东西你有什么东西要寄吗？（不定式要寄吗？（不定式to send的动作执行者是的动作执行者是you）2. Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？（不定式（不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的动作执行者是已被省略的的me或或someone else）(6) 状语状语I came here to see you.He got up ear
24、ly to catch the train.in order to , so as to ,enough to ,only to , too.to.,?不定式与疑问词who,which, when, how, what 等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。He didnt know what to say.他不知道说什么。(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.如何解决这个问题很重要。 (主语) My question is when to start.我的问题是什么时候开始。(表语)注意：?在与why连用时，只用于why
25、或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带 to。Why not have a rest?固定句型固定句型:1. had better/had best + (not) do sth. 最好（不）做某事最好（不）做某事2. Why (not) do sth.?3. prefer to do/prefer doing4. prefer + n./doing A +to + n./doing B5. prefer + to do A rather than (to) do B6. would rather (not) do sth.7. would rather do A than (do) B8. would rather + 句子（过去式）句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）（虚拟语气） 要做要做
