1、1.2022-5-1722022-5-1732022-5-174非谓语动词具有以下特征：非谓语动词具有以下特征： 非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分，但唯独不能做谓语。 非谓语动词具有各种形态：原形、主动语态、被动语态、进行时态和完成时态。 非谓语动词具有动词的功能，如可以有自己的宾语，但不具有语法上的动词性质,如没有人称和数的变化。 Growing flowers is my hobby. Thank you for helping us. I hope to see you again.2022-5-1752022-5-176不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态不定式主动态被动态一般
2、式完成式进行式完成进行式to doto be doneto have doneto have been done to be doing无to have been doing无2022-5-1771. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时，用一般式。 He wanted to see you. 2. 强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时，用完成形式。 He is said to have written a novel.3. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时，用不定式的进行形式。 When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book. 4. 当不定式的逻辑主
3、语是不定式动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here. The book is said to have been translated into English.2022-5-178动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态和语态动名词主动态被动态一般式完成式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done2022-5-1791.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 We are interested in climbing mountains. I prefer
4、 singing to dancing.2.如果强调动名词的动作已经完成，要用完成形式。 He was praised for having passed the exam .3.如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，也要用完成形式。 He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet .4.当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词动作的承受者，这个动名词要用被动形式。 He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.2022-5-1710分词的时态和语态分词的时态和语态现在分词主动态被动态
5、一般式完成式doingbeing donehaving donehaving been done过去分词的时态和语态只有一种，即done.2022-5-1711现在分词表主动、进行，过去分词表示被动、完成。分词与其逻辑主语的关系是主动的用现在分词；是被动的，要用过去分词。1._(look) out of the window, I can see many cars and buses.2._(see) from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more beautiful.3.The teacher came in, _ (follow) many
6、 students. 4.The teacher came in, _ (follow) by many students. LookingSeenfollowingfollowed2022-5-1712如果强调一个被动的动作正在进行，要用分词的被动形式being done。Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter.The house being built now is a Hope Project School.如果强调分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，要用完成形式。Not having finished his homework
7、,Tom was made to stay at school .Having closed all the windows ,I went home. Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy .2022-5-1713 所有非谓语动词的否定形式都是直接在其前面加上not. 不定式的否定形式：not to do 动名词的否定形式：not doing 现在分词的否定形式：not doing 过去分词的否定形式：not done2022-5-17141. Mrs. Smith warned her daughter _ after d
8、rinking. A. never to drive B. to never drive C. never driving D. never drive2. -I must apologize for _ ahead of time. -Thats all right. A. letting you not know B. not letting you know C. letting you know not D. letting not you knowAB2022-5-17153. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another
9、two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completedC2022-5-1716Key to Part 1:1.not to have seen him2.to have given you so much trouble3.to be dreaming4.to have been studying5.to be better treated6.being interrupted7.having been there8.Having reviewed his les
10、sons2022-5-1717不定式动名词现在分词过去分词主语宾语宾补表语定语状语2022-5-17182022-5-17192022-5-1720 我们学好英语很重要。 It is very important for us to learn English well.2022-5-1721 He chose not to go home this weekend. The manager desires to see you. My mother dislikes seeing you with me. He could hardly resist laughing. He is fond
11、 of playing tennis. 动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语，而不定式只能做动词宾语。 有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而有的只能接不定式做宾语，有的既可接动名词也可接不定式做宾语，但意义不同。2022-5-17222022-5-1723 2022-5-1724。2022-5-17252022-5-17262022-5-17272022-5-17282022-5-1729可以接不定式做宾语补足语的动词常用的有： ask, want, advise, allow, encourage, force, forbid,like, order, permit, persuade, req
12、uest, require, tell, warn, urge, expect 这些词后均可接+sb. to do sth.的结构 Father will not allow us to play on the street. My teacher advised me to do more exercises.2022-5-1730 常接分词做宾语补足语的动词有： have，keep, get, find see, hear, watch, notice etc. I saw him working in the field yesterday. He kept the water boil
13、ing. I found my car missing. I will have my watch repaired.2022-5-1731 see, hear等词+sb.+do sth.与+sb.+doing的区别： 前者强调动作的真实性、完整性，后者强调动作的连续性、进行性。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 强调“我看见了”这个事实。 I saw him woking in the garden yesterday. 强调我见他正在干活这个动作。2022-5-17321.不定式作表语（be to do): 按计划、趋势将要做的 She is
14、to get married next week.有责任、义务必须做的 Im to see you off at the airport tomorrow祈使、命令不得不做的 Youre to stand here ,do you understand ?命运安排,注定做的 Disney met the mouse and he was to become a famous artist. 2022-5-17332.动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换） My job is teaching you English. Teaching you English is my job.
15、3.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征, 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动和完成。 The book is interesting. Skiing is more exciting than skating. She felt confused, even frightened. The guests are gone. 做表语的分词，其实很多已经转化为了形容词。2022-5-1734A. 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途 drinking water=the water that is (used )for drinking drinking water, living room, sitting
16、 room, washing powder B. 分词作定语，表被修饰词的特点、特征. 单个分词作定语前置,分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后。 现在分词作定语表示正在进行和主动，过去分词作定语表示已经完成和被动。 boiling water 正在沸腾的水 boiled water 白开水（煮开过的水，可能是凉的） a retired worker 一位退了休的工人2022-5-1735 分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句： 现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动关系： Due to the many changes taking place in our way of life, peoples wa
17、y of thinking has also changed a lot. =Due to the many changes which take place in 过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系： Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. =Most of the people who were invited to the 2022-5-17362022-5-17372022-5-17382022-5-17391.called / named Sally2.standing behind the cou
18、nter3.being built4.to be completed next year5.to put the bookshelf6.often playing football on the playground2022-5-17402022-5-1741Hearing the news, he couldnt help laughing.（时间）Given enough time, I can do it better. （条件）Being ill, he didnt go to school （原因）The glass fell to the ground, breaking into
19、 pieces. (结果)Our teacher came in, followed by many students (伴随）Generally speaking, one must be confident.(独立成分)2022-5-1742 分词做时间、条件、原因状语往往可以转换成一个状语从句,做伴随状语可转换为并列句。2022-5-1743Notice: 使用非谓语动词做状语时，一定要注意，非谓语动词的逻辑主语一定要与该句话的主语保持一致。 判断下列句子正误并改错。1. To learn English well, a lot of practice must be done.To l
20、earn English well, I must do a lot of practice.2. Seeing from the hill, the city is more beautiful.Seen from the hill, the city is more beautiful.3. Being ill, his classmate sent him to hospital.Being ill, he was sent to hospital.4. Broken by him, I cant use the cup.Broken by him, the cup cant be us
21、ed.()()()()2022-5-1744Key to Part 5:1.followed by many students2.leaving him an orphan3.only to be told that the train had left4.to/ in order to/ so as to catch the early bus5.Seen from the top of the hill6.Being a student7.to believe your nonsense2022-5-17451.当两个或更多相同功能或意义的不定式并列使用时，除第一个不定式带to 外其余的不
22、加。2.使役动词（have,let,make）和感官动词（如see,feel,hear,find,etc.）后接不定式作宾语补足语需要省略to,但当变成被动态时要加to. The boss made them work the whole night. They were made to work the whole night. I saw him dance.= He was seen to dance. 2022-5-17463.介词but, except前面有行为动词do及其相应形式时，其后的不定式不带to,否则带to. 即有do 无to, 无do要加to We have no choice but to turn back. We could do nothing but obey the order.4.Why not.后面的动词不定式符号to省略。 Why not do it now? Why not go for a walk?2022-5-17
