1、Part 2 Word StudyWarm up and Pre-readingIn our solar system eight planets circle around the sun. 在我们的太阳系中，八颗在我们的太阳系中，八颗行星围绕着太阳旋转。行星围绕着太阳旋转。(P25)1. system n. 系统；体系；制度系统；体系；制度(a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal)熟读深思熟读深思 请指出下列句中画线单词的词请指出下列句中画线单词的词性和意义。性和意
2、义。 What are the differences between the American and British systems of government? (词性词性:_;意义意义: _)体制体制 n. They have an alarm system in the house.(词性词性:_ ;意义意义:_ ) We should think up a systematic approach to solving the problem.(词性词性: _;意义意义:_ )n.系统系统adj.系统的系统的熟读深思熟读深思 用用system或或systematic填空。填空。The
3、y are designing a road_ using a _ method. systematic adj. 成体系的；有条理的成体系的；有条理的 归纳总结归纳总结systematicsystemReading and Comprehending The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not.地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状地球变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存在下去。是否会继续存在下去。(P25 L 9)2. violent adj. 猛烈的；激烈
4、的；强暴的猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的(severe or extreme；caused by strong physical force)熟读深思熟读深思阅读下列句子，归纳阅读下列句子，归纳violent及及其同根词的词性和意义。其同根词的词性和意义。 There was a violent wind.(词性词性: _; 意义意义:_ ) Students were involved in violent clashes with the police.(词性词性:_ ；意义；意义:_ )猛烈的猛烈的 adj. 暴力的暴力的 adj. Is there too much violence on T
5、V?(词性词性: _；意义；意义:_ ) She shook her head violently.(词性词性:_ ；意义；意义: _)暴力暴力 n. 强烈地强烈地 adv.灵活运用灵活运用 The robbers bit them_, and they couldnt bear it any more so they decided to answer_ with_ and began their_ fight back.violence n.暴力；暴行暴力；暴行violently adv. 强烈地；激烈地强烈地；激烈地 归纳总结 violentviolentlyviolenceviolen
6、ceThey were in time to produce他们最终产他们最终产生了生了(P 25 L11)熟读深思熟读深思 阅读下列句子阅读下列句子,体会体会in time/on time的意义。的意义。We got to the station just in time to catch the train. (in time:_)及时及时 3. in time 及时；终于；迟早；总有一天及时；终于；迟早；总有一天Youll learn how to do it in time.(in time:_) These buses are never on time.(on time:_)迟早，
7、总有一天迟早，总有一天 准时准时 灵活运用灵活运用用用in time/on time填空。填空。 Youll get used to the weather in Guangdong _. You must always return your library book_.in time on time on time 准时；按时准时；按时归纳总结归纳总结 联想拓展联想拓展 time 构成的短语你还知道哪些？构成的短语你还知道哪些？at a time一次一次 at times 有时有时at the same time 同时同时 all the time 一直一直at one time 曾经曾经
8、 in no time 立刻立刻at no time绝不绝不 ahead of time 提前提前Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later.在火星这些其他行星上都在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。都消失了。(P26 L17)4. unlike prep. 不同；不像不同；不像(different from; not like) 熟读深思熟读深思 请指出下列句中画线单词请
9、指出下列句中画线单词的词性和意义。的词性和意义。 Music is quite unlike any other art form.(词性词性:_ ;:_ ;意义意义:_:_ )不像不像 prep. Unlike most systems， this one is very easy to install.(词性词性:_ ;意义意义:_ ) Its unlikely that it will rain tomorrow.(词性词性:_ ；意义；意义:_ ) Tom dislikes going to the dentist.(词性词性:_ ；意义；意义: _)与与不同不同 prep.adj.不
10、太可能的不太可能的vt.不喜欢不喜欢 unlikely adj. 不太可能的；未必发生的不太可能的；未必发生的dislike vt. n.不喜欢；讨厌不喜欢；讨厌 归纳总结归纳总结灵活运用灵活运用用用unlike/unlikely/dislike填空。填空。_ John, Tom_ playing football. Donna might come, but its very_ .Unlikedislikesunlikely熟读深思熟读深思 请指出下列画线单词的词性和请指出下列画线单词的词性和意义。意义。 Smoking can be harmful to your body.(词性词性:_
11、 ；意义；意义:_ )adj.有害的有害的5. harmful adj. 有害的有害的(causing harm, damage or injury to) Modern farming methods have done considerable harm to the countryside.(词性词性: _；意义；意义:_ ) The bacteria is harmless to humans.(词性词性:_ ；意义；意义:_ )n.损害，伤害损害，伤害adj.无害的无害的be harmful to对对有害有害harm n. 伤害；损害伤害；损害do harm to sb.= do s
12、b. harm对某人有害处对某人有害处do more harm than good弊多利少弊多利少come to no harm没受损害没受损害harmless adj. 无害的无害的 归纳总结归纳总结灵活运用灵活运用用用harmful/harm/harmless填填空。空。This object gives off_ gases. They may do _to our health. You must make the object_ before you use it.harmlessharmfulharmThese animals were different from， becaus
13、e they gave birth to young baby animals这些动物和这些动物和有所不同，因为它们是有所不同，因为它们是分娩后代分娩后代(P26 L43)6. give birth to 产生；分娩产生；分娩(produce young)熟读深思熟读深思请指出下列句中画线部分的意义。请指出下列句中画线部分的意义。 She gave birth to a fine healthy baby.( ) He only weighed three pounds at birth.( )出生出生;分娩分娩 在出生时在出生时 (3)Anne was French by birth but
14、 lived most of her life in Italy.( ) No one knows when the boy was born.( )出身出身 出生出生 at birth 在出生时在出生时by birth 出身，天生出身，天生be born 出生出生 归纳总结归纳总结 灵活运用灵活运用用用be born/give birth to的正确的正确形式填空。形式填空。 How many children did she _? She _ into a musical family.was borngive birth to7. in ones turn 轮到某人；接着轮到某人；接着T
15、hus they have， in their turn， become the most important animals on the planet.于是，它们接着成为这个行星上最重要的于是，它们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。动物。(P26 L46)熟读深思熟读深思 阅读下列句子，归纳阅读下列句子，归纳turn的相的相关搭配的意义。关搭配的意义。 He is going to clean the classroom in his turn.(_) Each man in turn stood up and spoke.(_)轮到他轮到他 依次依次 The two brothers lo
16、oked after their sick mother by turns.(_) We took turns to drive the car.(_) I think its our turn to drive the kids to school this week.(_)轮流地轮流地 轮流做某事轮流做某事 轮到我们轮到我们 in turn 依次依次by turns 轮流地轮流地take turns to do sth.依次依次/轮流做某事轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事轮到某人做某事 归纳总结归纳总结 灵活运用灵活运用根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语
17、提示完成句子。 I gave a speech_ (轮到我轮到我) this morning. The shop assistants had to have their day off _ (轮流轮流). They_ (轮流轮流) to look after their sick father. _ (轮到你们轮到你们) to ask a question.Its your turnin my turnby turnstake turns8. preventfrom 阻止阻止（做某事）（做某事）They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the
18、 atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。(P26 L48)熟读深思熟读深思 阅读下列各句阅读下列各句,并观察并观察prevent from 在句中的用法。在句中的用法。 Nothing can prevent their plans from being carried out. The bad cold prevented/stopped Ali
19、ce (from) taking part in the sports meeting.=The bad cold kept Alice from taking part in the sports meeting.归纳总结归纳总结preventfrom的意思是的意思是_。用于主动语态时，用于主动语态时，prevent sb. from doing sth.和和stop sb. from doing sth.中的中的from常可常可_，而而keep sb. from doing sth.中的中的from_。(若省略若省略from，那么，那么keep sb. doing sth.表示表示“使某使
20、某人一直干某事人一直干某事”)阻止阻止/ /制止制止做某事做某事省略省略不可省略不可省略 stop(from) doing sth.阻止阻止做某事做某事keepfrom doing sth.阻止阻止做某事做某事keepdoing sth.使使一直做某事一直做某事 归纳总结归纳总结灵活运用灵活运用用下列单词的适当形式完成下列句子。用下列单词的适当形式完成下列句子。 Nothing will_ us from coming here. The heavy snow _ the children going to school. Im sorry to have _ you waiting for
21、so long. We were _ by heavy smog from seeing anything.prevent stop keepprevented/kept/stop stop/prevent/keepprevented/stoppedkept9.puzzle n. 谜；难题谜；难题 v. (使使)迷惑；迷惑；(使使)为难为难How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地地球上的生命是如何起源的，这是科学家们发球上的生命是如何起源的，这是科学家们
22、发现的最难以解决的谜团之一。现的最难以解决的谜团之一。(P27)熟读深思熟读深思阅读下列句子，归纳阅读下列句子，归纳puzzle及其同根词的词性与意义。及其同根词的词性与意义。 Her decision was a puzzle to him.(词性词性: _；意义；意义:_ ) Karen puzzled over the question all evening.(词性词性: _；意义；意义: _)n.谜谜vi.苦思苦思 Faced with the puzzling situation， the sales manager looked puzzled. (puzzling 词性词性:_
23、 ；意义；意义:_ )(puzzled 词性词性: _；意义：；意义：_ )adj.令人迷惑的令人迷惑的adj.感到困惑的感到困惑的puzzle over/about sth. 为为苦思冥想苦思冥想puzzle sth. out 设法想出某事设法想出某事puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的；费解的令人迷惑的；费解的Puzzled adj. 感到困惑的感到困惑的 归纳总结归纳总结灵活运用灵活运用 I think its really a problem. I really_ dont know which to choose. She listened with a_ expression o
24、n her face. Im doing a word_ in this newspaper. He finally _ out how to solve the problem.puzzlingpuzzledpuzzlepuzzledUsing Language10. pull n.& vt. 拉（力）；拖；牵引力拉（力）；拖；牵引力As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earths gravity
25、. 随着火箭徐徐升空，我们慢慢逃离随着火箭徐徐升空，我们慢慢逃离地球的引力，但这种引力太强了把我们重地球的引力，但这种引力太强了把我们重重地向后推在座位上。重地向后推在座位上。(P30 L6)熟读深思熟读深思请指出下列句中请指出下列句中pull的词性和意义。的词性和意义。 The moons pull affects the tides on the earth.(词性词性:_ ;意义意义:_ ) She pulled his sleeve to get his attention.(词性词性: _；意义；意义:_ )n.引力引力vt.拉拉灵活运用灵活运用 根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完
26、成句子。 他拉了一下我的头发。他拉了一下我的头发。He gave my hair _. 我帮助把他从水中拉了出来。我帮助把他从水中拉了出来。 I helped_ .pull him out of the watera pull联想拓展联想拓展pull构成的短语你知道哪些？构成的短语你知道哪些？pull out (of)拔出；取出拔出；取出pull away 开走开走;离开离开pull down 拆毁拆毁pull in (火车火车)到站；进站到站；进站pull off成功做成功做pull up 停下；刹车停下；刹车I cheered up immediately and floated weig
27、htlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.我立刻感到很我立刻感到很高兴，由于失重，我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着高兴，由于失重，我在太空舱里飘来飘去，我望着(身后的身后的)地球越来越小，而地球越来越小，而(前方的前方的)月球越来越大。月球越来越大。(P31 L12)11. cheer up （使）感到高兴；感到振奋（使）感到高兴；感到振奋(start to feel happier or make someone start to feel happie
28、r)熟读深思熟读深思 The news cheered him up.这消息使他这消息使他高兴起来。高兴起来。 Cheer up! Our troubles will soon be over.振作起来振作起来!我们的困难很快就会过去。我们的困难很快就会过去。灵活运用灵活运用根据汉语提示完成句子。根据汉语提示完成句子。 想办法高兴点儿，生活并不是那么糟。想办法高兴点儿，生活并不是那么糟。Try，_ life isnt that bad! 他带她去听音乐会以使她高兴。他带她去听音乐会以使她高兴。He took her _ to_ .cheer her upand cheer up a bitto
29、 the concert12.now that 既然；由于既然；由于(since; because of the fact that)“Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.”“天哪，天哪，”我大声说，我大声说，“重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。练一练了。”(P31 L23)熟读深思熟读深思Now that you are busy， let me do it for you.既然既然你忙，你忙， 就让我为你做吧。就让我为你做
30、吧。灵活运用灵活运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。既然你长大了，就不应该依靠你的父母。_, you should not rely on your parents. 既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。You ought to have a good rest _.now that youveNow that you have grown upfinished the work 13.break out 突发；爆发突发；爆发(start suddenly)We watched， amazed
31、 as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased.我们惊奇地看着，随着地我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。(P31 L26)熟读深思熟读深思Fire broke out during the night.夜间突然发生夜间突然发生了火灾。了火灾。 灵活运用灵活运用根据汉语意思完成句子。根据汉语意思完成句子。在深夜，突然有人吵架。在深夜，突然有人吵架。_ suddenly at midnight.A quarrel br
32、oke out联想拓展联想拓展由由break构成的短语你还知道哪些？构成的短语你还知道哪些？break down打破打破; 坏掉坏掉break in破门而入破门而入; 打断打断break away from脱离脱离;挣脱挣脱break through 突围突围; 突破突破; break up打碎打碎;拆散拆散break into闯入闯入;突然突然break ones word/promise食言食言; 说话不算数说话不算数熟读深思熟读深思 Watch out! Dont dirty the paper on the desk.当心，别把桌子上的纸弄脏了。当心，别把桌子上的纸弄脏了。 Watch
33、 out for a tall man in a black hat.要密要密切注意一个戴黑帽子的高个子男人。切注意一个戴黑帽子的高个子男人。 We must watch out for the thieves on the bus.我们必须提防公共汽车上的小偷。我们必须提防公共汽车上的小偷。14. watch out for小心小心(pay attention so that you notice it)(P31)watch out 密切注意；提防当心密切注意；提防当心(单独用于祈使句单独用于祈使句)watch out for 密切注意密切注意/提防（某人或某物）提防（某人或某物） 归纳总结归纳总结 灵活运用灵活运用根据汉语意思完成英文句子。根据汉语意思完成英文句子。 如果你不小心，就会上当受骗。如果你不小心，就会上当受骗。Youll be cheated if_ . 过马路时要小心车辆。过马路时要小心车辆。_ when you cross the road.Watch out for carsyou dont watch out
