1、cartilagecartilagen Cartilage tissuel Chondrocytel Intercelluar substances FiberGround substanceCollagen fibril hyaline cartilageElastic fiber elastic cartilageCollagen fiber fibro-cartilagen perichondrium Conncective tissue, containg chondroblasts(1) Chondrocyten Location: at the cartilage lacunaen
2、 Structure: LM: clear nucleoli, basophilic cytoplasm EM: abundant RER and Goli complexn Function: synthesize both the ground substance and fibers divide to form clusters of chondrocytes (isogenous group)Interstitial growth(2) Intercellular substanceGround substance: acid sulphated glycoproteins baso
3、philicFibers(3) PerichondriumConncective tissue, containg chondroblastsChondrocytedifferenciateAppositional growthProtection, provide nutrition, Hyaline cartilageThe intercellular substance is amorphous: the ground substance and collagen (type II collagen fibril )have similar refractive indices. Car
4、tilage capsuleIsogenous groupPerichondriumNumerous bundles of elastic fibers in the cartilage matrixElastic cartilage numerous bundles of collagen fibers in the cartilage matrix FibrocartilageBoneOsseous tissueExtracellular matrixOrganic InorganicCellsOsteoprogenitor / osteogenic cellosteoblastosteo
5、cyteosteoclastOsteumBone marrow Functions: support and protection participate the metabolism of calcium and phosphate ions（bone matrix）Red marrow (active)Yellow marrow (inactive) Bone matrixOrganic componentCollagen fibersGround substance: Glycoproteins, etc.Inorganic component：bone mineral , hydrox
6、yapatite crystals（Ca10PO4 6OH2) Collagen fibers lie parallel one another in the ground substance with the bone mineral deposition. osseous tissue（osteoid）Bone lamellaDiagram of the osseous tissueosteoblastosteoprogenitorosteocyteosteoclastBone lacunaeBone lamella 1、osteoprogenitor /osteogenic cell L
7、ocation：surface of the osseous tissue Functions：bone growth continuous remodelling repair of bone fractures Cells2、osteoblast Location：surface of the osseous tissue LM: basophilic cytoplasm, pale stained nuclear with a prominent nucleolus EM: abundant RER and Golgi C. Functions: synthesize the bone
8、matrix (collagen fiber, glycoproteins, etc.) 3、osteocyte Location：in the bone lamella cell body-bone lacunae cytoplasmic extensions-canaliculi Structure: gap junctions between the extensions Functions: maintain the dynamic state of the mineralised bone matrix; maintain the calcium homeostasis Bone l
9、emella and osteocyteOsteocyteBone lamellaBone lacunaeBone canaliculiCentral canal4、osteoclast Localization：depressions resorbed from the bone surface LM: multinulei, acidophilic cytoplasm Functions: osteoclastic resorption contributes to bone remodelling; maintain the blood calcium homeostasis (resp
10、onse to parathyroid hormone and calcitonin)Osteoclastic resorptionCa 2+(-)Ca 2+Diagram of the osseous tissueosteoblastosteoprogenitorosteocyteosteoclastBone lacunaeBone lamellaLong boneOsseous tissuePeriosteum, endosteumMarrow cavityArticular cartilageBlood vessels and nervesspongy bonecompact bone1
11、9epiphysisepiphysisdiaphysisSponge boneConsists of a network of fine, irregular plates called trabeculae separated by intercommunicating spaces containing bone marrowTrabeculae: l thin, irregular bone lemella with osteocyte insidel lined by endosteum trabeculaeBone marrowCompact bonen Circumferentia
12、l lamella Outer Inner: irregularn Osteon ( Haversian system)Layers of concentric bone lamellae disposed around Haversian canal containing blood, lymphatic vessels and nerves.The Haversian canals interconnect with one another, and with the endosteum and periosteum via Volkmanns canals n interstitial
13、lamellaIrregular lamellae between intact Haversian systems due to resorption of the former Haversian systemsDiaphysis of long boneInner circumferential lamellaosteonInterstitial lamellaOuter circumferential lamellaperiosteumCentral canalendosteumCentral canalPerforating canal(Haversian canal)(Volkma
14、nn canal)(Haversian system)BoneOsteonCompact bone osteum Periosteumouter：dense connctive tissue (perforating fiber/Sharpeys fiber)inner：abundant vessels and cells （osteoprogenitor and osteoblast）Endosteum : rich in blood vessels and nerves, containg osteoprogenitor intramembranous ossificationmesenchymal tissueBone development(Skull vault, maxilla and most of the manible)Bone Endochondral ossificationMesenchymal tissueHyaline cartilage modelBone(long bone)
