1、The Nervous SystemDepartment of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University雷留根雷留根 DivisionsnCentral nervous system (CNS) nPeripheral nervous system (PNS)Central nervous system (CNS)nBrain 脑脑qTelencephalon 端脑端脑qDiencephalon 间脑间脑qCerebellum 小脑小脑qBrain stem 脑干脑干 nMidbrain 中脑中脑nPons 脑
2、桥脑桥nMedulla oblongata 延髓延髓nSpinal cord 脊髓脊髓Peripheral nervous system (PNS)nCranial n. (12 pairs) 脑神经脑神经nSpinal n. (31 pairs) 脊神经脊神经nVisceral n. 内脏神经内脏神经qVisceral sensory n.qVisceral motor nnSympathetic part 交感神经交感神经n Parasympathetic part 副交感神经副交感神经Cellular organizationnNeurons 神经元神经元 qCell body 胞体胞体
3、qAxon 轴突轴突qDendrites 树突树突 n Neuroglia glial cell胶质细胞胶质细胞 NeuronnCell Bodyn Dendrite Processes AxonStructural classificationnBipolar neuron 双极神经元双极神经元 has an axon and a dendritenPseudounipolar neuron 假假单极神经元单极神经元 has a central branch and a peripheral branchnMultipolar neuron多极神经元多极神经元has an axon and
4、two or more dendritesFunctional classificationnSensory (efferent) neuron 感觉神经元感觉神经元nMotor (afferent) neuron 运动神经元运动神经元nAssociation neuron 联络神经元联络神经元structurenLM（光镜下）Silver StainNissl StainEM电镜下的胞体nProtein Synthesis蛋白质合成nEnergy Metabolism能量代谢nAxoplasmic Flow轴浆运输nPhagocytosis吞噬作用Nerve fibrenAxonsn轴突nM
5、yelinn髓鞘nEndoneuriumn神经内膜Synapsesn Synapse is a specialized area connected between neuron and neuron or neuron and effector Structures of the SynapseClassification of the Synapse Transmission Pattern Chemical ElectricNeuroglianMacroglia大胶质细胞 astrocyte星行胶质 schwanncell施万细胞 oligodendrocyte少突胶质nMicrogli
6、a小胶质细胞n室管膜细胞Structure of PNnEpineuriumn神经外膜nPerineuriumn神经束膜nEndoneuriumn神经内膜RegenerationnReflex: a reaction of the organism by the nervous system in response to a stimulusnReflex arc: has 5 basic components Receptor Sensory neurons CNS Moter neurons Effector Reflex and reflex arc常用术语常用术语n灰质灰质 gray matter n皮质皮质 cortea n神经核神经核 nucleus大脑皮质大脑皮质小脑皮质小脑皮质神经核神经核锥体细胞锥体细胞大脑皮质大脑皮质
