1、一、分析长句一般来说，这些长句的共同点就是同位语、定语和分句很多，主语和谓语之间的距离很远，还时常伴有插入成分，所以理解长句的要领就是先找出主干，化繁为简，然后再看各个分句或修饰成分与它的关系。（一）分析句子，找出全句的主语、谓语、宾语。（二）找出句中非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。（三）分析从句和短语的作用，是主从、宾从、表从等还是 某种状语等。（四）注意插入语等其他成分。（五）注意一些固定句型、固定搭配等。1 People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to sta
2、nd by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.2People were afraid to leave their houses, for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency, they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.分析: 该句共有三层含义: A: 人们不敢出门; B: 尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好
3、准备以应付紧急情况; C: 警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。在这三层含义中, B表示让步, C表示原因, 而A则表示结果, 按照汉语习惯顺序, 我们作如下的安排:尽管警察已接到命令, 要作好准备以应付紧急情况, 但人们不敢出门, 因为警察也和其他人一样不知所措和无能为力。3practice I wondered how she would feelif she learned that the Negrobefore whom she had behaved in such an unladylike mannerwas in fact a white man. 4长句翻译的操作方法：
4、理顺原句内部关系，理出句中包含的各语义点 I wondered （1）how she would feel（2）if she learned that the Negro（3）before whom she had behaved in such an unladylike manner（4）was in fact a white man（3）. 我心中思忖（1）不知她作何感想（2）倘若得知这个黑人其实是白人时（3）在一个黑人面前表现得如此有失女士风度（4）我心中思衬（1），在一个黑人面前表现得如此有失女士风度（4），倘若得知这个黑人其实是白人时（3），不知她作何感想（2）。5 Finally
5、，because the ultimate take holders are patients，the health research community should actively recruit应该积极争取to its cause not only well -known personalities such as Stephen Cooper，who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research，but all who receive medical treatment. 译文：最后，因为最有发言权
6、的人是病人，医疗研究机构不仅应该积极争取斯蒂芬库柏这样曾大胆陈述动物研究价值的名人来支持自己的事业， 而且应该争取所有接受过治疗的人的支持。6 英语习惯于用长的句子表达比较复杂的概念， 汉语不同，常常使用若干短句，清晰简洁地表达， 在进行长句翻译时，要特别注意英语和汉语之间的差异，一般采取下列方法7顺序法/顺译法 当英语长句所叙述的一连串动作基本上是按动作发生的时间先后等逻辑关系安排的， 这与汉语表达方法比较一致，因此翻译时可按照原文顺序译出。8 例.If you are part of the group which you are addressing，you will be in a p
7、osition to know the experiences and problems which are common to all of you and itll be appropriate for you to make a passing remark about the inedible canteen food or the chairmans notorious bad taste in ties. 译文：如果你是你谈话对象集体中的一员，你就可以设身处地了解你们所有人共有的经历和问题，你可以对食堂极难吃的食物或者领导在选择领带方面差劲的品味进行评头论足。9 Large num
8、bers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are needlessly and predictably suffering，to the extent that it constitutes “sysematic pain abuse”蓄意虐待病人” 译文：“许多医生对病人遭受不必要的、可预见的痛苦无动于衷”，甚至构成“蓄意虐待病人”。10The fact that the average Englishmans home has become his workshop(1) is partly becau
9、se he is keen on working with his hands (2)and partly because he feels, for one reason or another(4), that he must do for himself many household jobs (3)for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. (5)普通英国人的家已经成了自家的工场，1一方面是因为他热衷于自己动手干，2另一方面是因为出于某种原因4，他觉得许多家务活必须自己干，3而这些活在几年前他会雇专人
10、来干的。511practice After years of harbouring tens of thousands of illegal foreign workers, Taiwan is gradually opening its doors to legal labourers from Southeast Asia in an effort to relieve a chronic manpower shortage. 许多年中,台湾曾容留了成千上万的非法外来劳工.现在它正逐渐打开门户,接纳接纳来自东南亚的合法劳工,以努力缓解岛内劳动力的长期短缺.12逆序法/逆译法 有些英语长句的
11、表达次序与汉语表达习惯不同，甚至完全相反，这时就必须从原文后面译起，逆着原文的顺序翻译，进一步解释。也就是说在英语中，许多定语、状语修饰语常放于被修饰语的后面，在译成汉语时，我们习惯把它们放在修饰语之前13 例.International affiliates国际分公司account for a fast -growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. 译文：在那些对外开放并欢迎外资的国家的经济中，国际分公司在经济生产中所占份额也在快速增长。 The policem
12、en set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还未交赎金，警察就把他放了。14 Its all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare，who earns their living，was himself an actor （with a beard）and did his share of noise-making. 译文： 当你想到为他们提供生计的莎士比亚本人就是个留着胡须、吵吵嚷嚷的演员时，这真是一个极好的讽刺。15practice From radio-
13、active water and soil around a nuclear-weapons plant in Colorado to man-made deserts in Soviet Central Asia, the world is peppered with examples of what poor education or unneighborly attitudes can do to the planet that must feed and clothe us all. 如果人们受教育不够或不能善待环境，他们会对人类赖以生存的这个星球做出些什么事来呢？全世界到处都有这样的
14、例子：从科罗拉多州核武器工厂周围幅射活跃的水土到原苏联中亚地区的人为沙漠。（逆译法） 162022-5-2217综合法 实际上，在翻译一个英语长句时，并不只是单纯地使用一种翻译方法，因为有些英语长句顺译或逆译都不合适，分译也有困难，单纯地使用一种译法不能译出地道的汉语，此时就应仔细琢磨，或按时间先，或按逻辑顺序，顺逆结合，有主有次地进行综合处理。18 1. we have a certain conception of the American citizen，a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how h
15、is livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. 译文：我们对美国公民有这样一种概念：如果他不能准确地判断自身的生活及幸福如何受外界影响， 他就是一个不完善的公民。19It would take me an entire book to list（1）all of the people I have known in my life who spent the majority of their lives as single people（2）, but who were the undisputed
16、 focus of a large group of friends（3）- usually serving as problem-solvers, and widely respected and loved（4）. 我毕生认识了许多人，他们一生中大部分时间都是单身（2），但在朋友群中却无可非议地是个核心人物（3）。他们经常帮人解决问题，广受尊敬，广受爱戴（4）。要把这些人的姓名一一列出的话，恐怕要写一本书（1）20 One of the most heartwarming aspects（1）of people who are born with a facial disfiguremen
17、t（2）, whether minor or major（3）, is the number of them（1） who do not allow it to upset their lives（4）, even reaching out to help others with the same problem（5）. 有些人生来面部就有残缺（2），残缺有大有小（3），但令人欣慰的是这些人中很多人（1）并没有因此而生活得不愉快（4），相反，他们倒去主动帮助其他有同样问题的人（5）。21The most important day I remember in all my life is th
18、e one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrast between the between the two lives which it connects. two lives which it connects. 在我的记忆里，安妮曼斯菲尔德沙利文老师来的那一天，是我一生中最重要的日子。从这一天开始，我的生活和以我的生活和以前迥然不同，前迥然不同，一想到这一点，我就感到非常兴奋。22 Wh
19、en the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War，it had a market eight times larger than any competitor，giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 译文：二战结束后，美国恰好进入了这样的一段辉煌时期，当时，它拥有比任何竞争者大八倍的市场，使其产业经济达到了前所未有的规模。23practice Many man-made substance
20、s are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property of the synthetic substance合成材料, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasi
21、zed, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied.24 Many man-made substances are replacing certain natural materials because either the quantity of the natural products can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or more often, because the physical property o
22、f the synthetic substance, which is the common name for man-made materials, have been chosen, and even emphasized, so that it would be of the greatest use in the fields in which it is to be applied. 合成材料通常称为人造材料。许多人造材料正逐步取代某些天然材料，这或许是因为天然制品的数量不能满足人们日益增长的需求，但更多的则是因为人们看中了合成材料的某种物理性能，并充分发挥这些性能，以便使合成材料在
23、其应用领域中最大限度地发挥作用。（综合法）25分句转换26 分句转换是指一种英语分句翻译成汉语时转换成另一种分句，例如：(1) They felt that it was much easier and safer to rob their own people, for they knew that white policemen never really searched diligently for Negroes who committed crimes against other Negroes. 他们觉得抢劫他们的同种人要安全得多，因为他们知道，如果如果黑人侵犯的是黑人黑人侵犯的是
24、黑人，白人警察便从来不认真搜捕。 （定语从句-条件状语从句）27 (2) Her great grief in this relation was that her only child, on whose education no expense had been and would be spared, was now old enough to perceive these deficiencies in his mother. 这一方面给她造成了极大的苦闷，也就是有关她的独生子的问题。虽然过去和今后在儿子的教育虽然过去和今后在儿子的教育费用上既不曾也不会省掉什么钱费用上既不曾也不会省掉
25、什么钱，然而如今他的年纪已经不小，能注意他母亲的这些缺点了。（定语从句-让步状语从句）28 All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books - but we must know how to avail ourselves of this treasure and how to get the most from it. Th
26、e most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.29All the wisdom of the ages, all the stories that have delighted mankind for centuries, are easily and cheaply available to all of us within the covers of books - but we must know how
27、to avail ourselves of this treasure and how to get the most from it. The most unfortunate people in the world are those who have never discovered how satisfying it is to read good books.古往今来人类的一切智慧结晶，数百年来一直使人津津乐道的那些故事，我们都可以轻而易举地从书本中得到，而且也无需花费很多钱。但是我们必须懂得该如何来利用这笔财富，如何最大限度地从中汲取养分。世界上最不幸的就是那些人-他们从来没有发现
28、过读好书是何等令人愉悦的事。30But without Adolf Hitler, who was possessed of a demoniac personality, a granite will, uncanny instincts, a cold ruthlessness, a remarkable intellect, a soaring imagination and until toward the end, when drunk with power and success, he overreached himself an amazing capacity to size up people and situations, there almost certainly would never have been a Third Reich. 然而，如果没有阿道夫希特勒，那就几乎可以肯定不会有第三帝国。因为阿道夫希特勒有着恶魔般的性格、花岗石般的意志、不可思议的本能、无情的冷酷、杰出的智力、深远的想象力以及对人和局势惊人的判断力。这种判断力最后由于权力和胜利冲昏了头脑，终于弄巧成拙。312022-5-2232
