1、Non- Restrictive Attributive Clauses非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句Discuss & Summarize(group work)Compare the two sentences in the following groups and find the difference.第一组第一组A.The old man has a son who is in the army.B.The old man has a son, who is in the army.第二组第二组A.My younger brother who is 18 years old is
2、a college student.B.My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student.第三组第三组A.Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.B.Jim doesnt like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry. 第一组第一组A. The old man has a son who is in the army.B. The old man has a son, who i
3、s in the army.A句的意思是：这位老人有个在部队工作的儿子。（隐含的意思：也许还有其他的儿子，在干别的工作）B句的意思：这位老人有一个儿子，在部队工作。（隐含的意义：只有一个儿子）第二组第二组A.My younger brother who is 18 years old is a college student.B.My younger brother, who is 18 years old, is a college student.A句：我18岁的那个弟弟是大学生。（明确是18岁的那个弟弟，而不是其他的，即有可能还有几个弟弟）B句：我弟弟是大学生，今年18岁。第三组第三组A
4、.Jim doesnt like to ask questions which make his teacher angry.B.Jim doesnt like to ask questions, which makes his teacher angry.A.吉姆不喜欢问使老师生气的问题。（which 指代questions)B.吉姆不喜欢问问题，这让老师很生气。（which指代Jim doesnt like to ask questions 这个情况）More examples1.I have a sister who works in a hospital. 我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。（
5、不只一位姐姐）2. I have a sister , who works in a hospital. 我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。（只有一位姐姐）3. He has a brother who lives in Beijing. 他有一个住在北京的哥哥。（可能有几个哥哥，其中一个是住在北京的。）4. He has a brother, who lives in Beijing. 他有一个哥哥住在北京。Non-restrictive attributive clause:A clause that adds extra information to the main clause of a
6、sentence. 非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句: 对先行词进行对先行词进行补充说明补充说明，关系不关系不是十分紧密是十分紧密,省去对主句没有多大影响省去对主句没有多大影响.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句: 是先行词在意义上是先行词在意义上不可缺少不可缺少的定语的定语,如果去掉如果去掉,主句的意思就不完整主句的意思就不完整.概念概念用法用法当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。His father, who works in Beijing, came back
7、yesterday.Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.先行词先行词使用非限制性定语从句使用非限制性定语从句 先行词指人，则用先行词指人，则用who, whose，which等；等； 先行词指物，要用先行词指物，要用which； 先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状先行词表时间或者地点，并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用语时要用when或者或者where引导；引导； that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。不可用于引导非限制性定语从句。1.A middle-aged woman killed her hu
8、sband, which frightened me very much.2.He didnt pass the exam, which disappointed me. 3.Well graduate in July, when we will be free. 4.Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫,这令我十分恐惧。他没通过这次考试,令我很失望。我们将于七月份毕业,到那时我们就自由了。他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要在那里举行。限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
9、形式上不用逗号和主句隔开用逗号隔开意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，不能删除是对先行词的补充说明，删除后意思仍完整译法上 翻译成先行词的定语，“的” 通常翻译成主句的并列句关系词的使用 A做宾语时可省B 可用that A不可省 B.不用that 区别Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.1.The famous basketball star, _is an American, came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _ she had a
10、wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_ cost me a lot.4.Xian, _I visited last month, is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July, _ he wont be so busy.6.The school,_I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said hed been working in the office for an hour,_ was true.whowhomwhichw
11、hichwhenwherewhich as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开；中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开； which所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。所引导的非限制性定语从句不能放在句首。eg:As is known to all, he is the best student in our class. (as指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首指代整个句子，作主语，置于句首)He opposed the idea, as could be expected. (as 指代整个句子，作
12、主语，置于句末指代整个句子，作主语，置于句末)Taiwan , as you know, is a part of China. (as指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中指代整个句子，作宾语，置于句中)He has to work on Sunday, which he doesnt like. (which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面)1.She heard a terrible noise, _ frightened her. A. that B. which C. what D. who 2.She heard a terrible noise
13、 _ frightened her. A. that B. / C. what D. who 3.I had told them the reason, _ I didnt attend the meeting. A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why4.I had told them the reason _ I didnt attend the meeting. A. when B. which C. why D. for that 介词介词+关系代词关系代词介词的选择：看前看后看意思介词的选择：看前看后看意思A.看与先行词的搭配看与先行词的
14、搭配The bicycle _ he often rides needs repairing. A. on whichB. in whichC. by which D. with whichThe world _ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live C. where we live inD. we live inADB.看谓语的搭配看谓语的搭配The two things _ they felt very proud are Jims gold watch and Dellas hair. A. about
15、whichB. of which C. in whichD. for whichHe is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned. A. whoB. that C. from whichD. from whomIn the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. from whomBDCC.根据句子意思根据句子意思The clever boy made a hole in the w
16、all, _ he could see _ was going on inside the house. A. which; whatB. through which; what C. through that; whatD. what; that In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m., _ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on whichD. by which timeVillagers here depend on the fish
17、ing industry, _ there wont be much work. A. whereB. that C. by whichD. without whichBDD1.(2012全国高考全国高考)That evening, _I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. that B. which C. what D. whenB2. (2012浙江高考浙江高考)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had w
18、ithdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whomB 3. （2011北京高考）北京高考）Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others,_, of course, made all the others upset. A.who B. which C. what D. thatB 4.（2011陕西高考）I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _we enjoyed a splendid v
19、iew of the lake. A. which B. where C. who D. thatB5.（2011江苏高考）江苏高考） Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, _ the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. whichA6.（2013浙江）浙江）The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whomD
