1、 The Present Perfect Tense (Revision) 现在完成时复习现在完成时复习1.Walls have ears.2. A cat has 9 lives. 3. Kings have long arms. 4.We know not what is good until we have lost it.Translate the following sayings :Translate the following sayings :翻译以下谚语翻译以下谚语 隔墙有耳。隔墙有耳。猫有九条命。猫有九条命。普天之下，莫非王土。普天之下，莫非王土。好东西，失去了才明白好东西
2、，失去了才明白/珍惜。珍惜。现在完成时的基本结构1、肯定句：3、一般疑问句：、一般疑问句：主语主语 + have / has not + V(p.p)+Have / Has + 主语主语 + V(p.p)+?Yes，主语，主语+ have / has. No，主语，主语 + havent / hasnt. 1、肯定句：、肯定句：2、否定句：、否定句： 主语（主语（I / We / You) + have 主语（主语（They） + have + V (p.p) 主语（主语（It / He / She) + hashe has = they have =has not = have not =4
3、. 4. 缩写缩写: :（过去分词）hestheyvehasnthavent 规则动词的过去分词1. work plant play2. hope arrive skate 3. plan stop fit 以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母再动词，先双写辅音字母再ed.ed. 4. try study cry 以以辅音字母辅音字母y y结尾的动词，结尾的动词，变变y y为为i ieded+ ede +dedededdddnedpedtedtriedstudiedcried不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词typeinfi
4、nitive (A) p. t (B) p. p (C)costcostcostreadreadreadcomecamecomerunranrunmeetmetmetcatchcaughtcaught rideroderiddeneatateeatendrinkdrankdrunkABAAAA ABBABCAAA: cost- cost - costAAA: cost- cost - cost read-read-readread-read-read beat cut hit hurt let set shutbeat cut hit hurt let set shutABA: run-ran
5、 -runABA: run-ran -run come - came - comecome - came - come become - became - becomebecome - became - become不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词lose-lost build -built mean meant lend - lent send-sent spend -spent sit sat meet -met feel -felt sleep -slept keep -kept sweep-swept get -got shoot -shot forget-forgot bri
6、ng -brought buy -bought think -thought catch- caught teach taught fight -fought不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词ABB get-got-got1)在动词原形后加在动词原形后加-n-n或或-en-en构成过去分词。构成过去分词。 eat -ate -eateneat -ate -eaten f fall-fell beat-beat drive-drove see-saw wake-waked /woke throw-threw blow-blew grow-grew know-knew draw-drew s
7、how-showed take-took shake-shook give-gave write-wrote-written ride-rode-ridden2 2）过去式加）过去式加-n-n或或-en-en构成过去分词。构成过去分词。 speak -spoke -spokenspeak -spoke -spoken break-broke(n break-broke(n) ) steal-stole(n steal-stole(n) forget-forgot) forget-forgot (ten) freeze-froze(n) freeze-froze(n) choose-chose(
8、n choose-chose(n) ABC不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词不规则动词的过去分词 （3 3）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母）变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”i”分别为分别为“a”(a”(过去式过去式) )和和“u”(u”(过去分词过去分词) ) begin -began-begunbegin -began-begun (4)(4)其他不规则动词的变化。其他不规则动词的变化。 go -went -gone am / is -was -been go -went -gone am / is -was -been are-were -been do -did
9、 -done are-were -been do -did -done lie -lay -lain wear -wore -worn lie -lay -lain wear -wore -worn fly-flew-flownfly-flew-flownABCABCdrink ring sing swimdrink ring sing swim现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法一一. .表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。影响或结果。 I have just finished my homework.I have just finished
10、my homework. He has watched that movie twice. He has watched that movie twice.三. 表示某人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的表示某人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的经历经历. . Have you ever been to the moon? Have you ever been to the moon? ( (你曾去过月球吗你曾去过月球吗?) ?) I have never had a car. I have never had a car. ( (我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。) )二、二、某个动作从过去已经开始某个动
11、作从过去已经开始, ,一直持续到现在一直持续到现在, ,还有可还有可能能 持续到将来持续到将来. .动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示. .He He has watched TV for half an hour.has watched TV for half an hour.下一页 现在完成时的主要用法四四. .句型句型This / It is the first / second/. This / It is the first / second/. timetime也常与现在完成时连用。也常与现在完成时连用。 This is the third time
12、he has driven a car . This is the third time he has driven a car . 这这是他第三次开车是他第三次开车五五. . 现在完成时和形容词最高级连用表示到现现在完成时和形容词最高级连用表示到现在为止是在为止是“最最的的”. . What an interesting bookhat an interesting book！ Its the most interesting book Ive ever Its the most interesting book Ive ever read. read. 一本多么有趣的书啊！一本多么有趣的书
13、啊！这是我读过的这是我读过的最有趣的书最有趣的书。现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语already (already (肯定句，句中肯定句，句中/ / 末末) )yet (yet (在否定句和疑问句中代替在否定句和疑问句中代替already,already,句末句末) )，nevernever，ever(ever(疑问句和否定句疑问句和否定句) ) ，just (just (句中句中) )，before(before(句末，常与句末，常与nevernever连用连用) ) ，once, twiceonce, twice， these days, recentlythese days, r
14、ecently( (近来近来, ,最近最近) )， lately (lately (近来近来, ,最近最近 ) )， in the past / last few years, in the past / last few years, ( (在过去的几年里在过去的几年里), ), so far= up to now, till now, by now so far= up to now, till now, by now一. 现在完成时常与不确定的时间状语连用：二、二、当表示某个动作从过去已经开始当表示某个动作从过去已经开始, ,一直持一直持续到现在续到现在, ,还有可能持续到将来还有可能持
15、续到将来. .动作的持续性动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示要通过一段时间来表示. . 一段时间的表达方法一段时间的表达方法有两种有两种: :for: +for: +一段时间一段时间 for 2 weeks for 3 yearsfor 2 weeks for 3 years 过去的某一时刻过去的某一时刻, since 9:00 / last week, since 9:00 / last week / 1998 / 1998since since 一段时间一段时间+ago since 2 years / days ago +ago since 2 years / days ago 从句从句 (
16、 (用一般过去时态用一般过去时态) since you came) since you came He has been away since last week.He has been away for a week.对划线部分提问对划线部分提问都用都用how long现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语Fill in the blanks with for or since_three hours_3:00 pm_two days_yesterday afternoon_I came here_last Sunday_ he left here_a long time_1997_two
17、 weeks_a week ago _ we began to learn Englishforsinceforsincesincesincesinceforsinceforsincesince现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语have gone / been to和 have been in/at/on的区别 1 1、have gone to have gone to 去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，去某地了，说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的途中或已在某地。在去某地的途中或已在某地。She has She has gone togone to Shanghai.( Shanghai.(
18、表示现在她人不在这里）表示现在她人不在这里） 3 3、have been in/at /on have been in/at /on 逗留在某地逗留在某地( (已经一段时间已经一段时间). ).常和常和for ten days, since I came herefor ten days, since I came here等连用。等连用。She has She has been inbeen in Chenzhou Chenzhou since she came here. since she came here. 2 2、have been tohave been to去过某地，表示某人的
19、一种经历，去过某地，表示某人的一种经历，可以和可以和once, twice, already, ever, neveronce, twice, already, ever, never等连用。等连用。 She has She has been tobeen to Shanghai twice. Shanghai twice. ( (表示目前人已表示目前人已经回来了）经回来了）They Beijing. 他们他们(已经已经)去北京了。去北京了。It Beijing. 他他(曾经曾经) 去过北京。去过北京。用用 have /has gone/ been to have /has gone/ bee
20、n to 或或 have/has have/has been in/on /atbeen in/on /at填空填空have gone tohas been to They Beijing for an hour. have been in an hour lateran hour later他们到北京有一个小时了。他们到北京有一个小时了。1. 1.Jim and his friends _ London for half a Jim and his friends _ London for half a month.month.2.2.Lucy is not at home now. she
21、 _ the library.Lucy is not at home now. she _ the library.3.3._ you ever _ the USA ? Never._ you ever _ the USA ? Never.4.Where _ you _ these days?here _ you _ these days?5.5.- Has Jim arrived yet?- Has Jim arrived yet? - Yes, he _ here for 3 days. - Yes, he _ here for 3 days.6.6.-Where is Peter? he
22、re is Peter? - I dont know where he _. - I dont know where he _.7.7.Hi Jim! Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking here _ you _ ? Li Lei is looking for you.for you.have been inhas gone tohave beenHave been tohas been has gonehave been用用have been / gone to, have been in have been / gone to, have b
23、een in 填空填空英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一英语动词根据词义可分为两种，一种是延续性的，一种是非延续性的种是非延续性的. .非延续性动词非延续性动词( (也可称为终止性动词、也可称为终止性动词、瞬间动词、或点动词瞬间动词、或点动词) )，如，如begin, start, die, buy,begin, start, die, buy,leave, comeleave, come等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完等，表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续成，不能再延续，所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段
24、时间的状语，的时间状语连用，即不能与表示一段时间的状语，for+for+时间段时间段, since+, since+时间点时间点/ /从句连用，也不能用在从句连用，也不能用在how how longlong引导的特殊疑问句中引导的特殊疑问句中。 eg. Ive left Shanghai for three days.() Ive been away from Shanghai for three days.(). It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.() I left Shanghai three days ago. ()延续性动
25、词与非延续性动词延续性动词与非延续性动词 (3). (3).若保留若保留for+for+时间段，时间段，since+since+时间点时间点/ /从句，或用从句，或用在在 how longhow long句型中，则需将非延续性动词改为相句型中，则需将非延续性动词改为相应的应的状态动词状态动词或或延续性动词延续性动词。 延续性动词与非延续性动词延续性动词与非延续性动词 将时间状语改为时间段将时间状语改为时间段 + ago+ ago，句中谓语动词用，句中谓语动词用一般过去时。一般过去时。 egeg. The dog died two days ago. The dog died two days
26、ago. 或用或用It is / has been +It is / has been +一段时间一段时间 + since + since 从句来改写从句来改写句子句子. . It has been / is two days since the dog died.It has been / is two days since the dog died.u非延续性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法：非延续性动词要表示持续时，可用以下方法： buy buy put on put on borrow borrow catch / get a cold catch / get a cold get to
27、 know get to know die die finish finish open open close close begin / start begin / start get married- get married- fall sleep / ill fall sleep / ill get up - get up - leave leave go / come / get / reach / arrive go / come / get / reach / arrive join - join -非延续性动词变延续性动词非延续性动词变延续性动词1. 1. 直接变延续性动词直接变
28、延续性动词2. 2. 转换成转换成be+be+形容词或副词或介词形容词或副词或介词havehavewearwearkeepkeephave a coldhave a coldknowknowbe deadbe deadbe overbe overbe openbe openbe closedbe closedbe onbe onbe marriedbe marriedbe asleep / illbe asleep / illbe upbe upbe away (frombe away (from) )be (in/at)be (in/at)be in / be a member of+be
29、in / be a member of+1.The film has begun for five minutes.2.Tom has got up for half an hour. 3.I have bought the computer for a long time.4.The room is clean, when have you cleaned it?5.How long have you left London? been onbeen请指出下列句子的错误并更正。请指出下列句子的错误并更正。haddid you cleanbeen away from 现在完成时与一般过去时的比
30、较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 一、一、 现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作。I saw this film yesterday.I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）（强调
31、对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2.2.现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用, ,或无时间状语，或无时间状语，一般过去时一般过去时 常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语: : for, since, so far, just, ever, for, since, so far, just, ever, never, yet, already, up to now, in the past few years, never, yet, already, up to now, in th
32、e past few years, recently, recently, （when when 不能用于现在完成时）不能用于现在完成时） - -模糊的模糊的时间状语时间状语一般过去时的时间状语一般过去时的时间状语: : yesterday, last weekyesterday, last week，ago, ago, in1990, the other day, just now, in the pastin1990, the other day, just now, in the past - - 具体具体的时间状语的时间状语 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较To
33、m has written a letter to his parents last night. Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. ( W )( R )3 3）现在完成时）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn,worklive, teach, learn,work, , study, know. study, know. 一般过去时一般过去时常用的非延续性动词有常用的非延续性动词有come, go, come, go, l
34、eave, start, die, finish, become, get marriedleave, start, die, finish, become, get married等等。 She She joinedjoined the club three years ago. the club three years ago. ( (加入的动作不是延续的加入的动作不是延续的) ) She She has been inhas been in the club for three years / since the club for three years / since three ye
35、ars agothree years ago.( .(在俱乐部内的状态可延续在俱乐部内的状态可延续) ) She She has beenhas been a club member since three years ago. a club member since three years ago. ( (是俱乐部成员的状态可持续是俱乐部成员的状态可持续) )现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 1. 1. I already (see) the film. I (see) it yesterday. 2. - he (finish) his work today ? -
36、Not yet . 3. - you (be) to Hong Kong ? -Yes, I (be) there twice . 4. Shanghai (be) a small town hundreds of years ago. Now it (become) a large city. 5. I (work) here since I (move) here in 1999. 6. So far I (make) many friends here. 7. - I (see) the film “Chicken Run”. - When you (see) it? - Last week. Fill the blanks with the correct forms .Fill the blanks with the correct forms . havehaveseenseensawsawHasHasfinishedfinishedHaveHavebeenbeenhave beenhave beenwaswashas becomehas becomehave workedhave workedmovedmovedhave madehave madehave seen have seen diddidseesee
