1、第七章第七章 虚拟语气虚拟语气TOEFL&IELTS长难句讲解第七章第七章 虚拟语气虚拟语气分类纯条件的虚拟语气与现在事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与将来状况相反的虚拟语气7.1 纯条件的虚拟语气句型如下：If + 主语 + 一般现在时动词，主语 + will/may/can/shall/must/ought to/should +动词原形Should表示“应当”的意思时，等于ought to在纯条件的虚拟语气的if从句中，时态为一般现在时，表示若if的条件存在，就会有预期的结果。7.1 纯条件的虚拟语气If I have time, I should/ought to do it
2、.如果我有时间，我就会做。纯条件结构的副词连接词还有once（一旦）， when（当）， before（在之前）， as soon as（一旦），unless（除非）等。7.1 纯条件的虚拟语气Once I have money, I will buy stocks.When he finishes it, he will come.As soon as I arrive, I will tell you the details.I will not do anything before I arrive.I will not do it unless you tell me the trut
3、h7.2 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气句型如下：If + 主语 + 一般过去时动词， 主语 + would/could/might/should/ought to + 动词原形7.2 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气If I were rich, I would buy a car. =As I am not rich, I can not buy a car.If I lived in Shanghai, I might be happy. =As I do not live in Shanghai, I can not be happy 7.2 与现在事实相反的虚拟语气不论主语为第几人称，if从句中的
4、be动词，均使用were。If I were you, I would not do it.If he were you, he would not tell the truth.7.3 7.3 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句型如下：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词， 主语 + would/could/might/should/ought to + have + 过去分词。7.3 7.3 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气与过去事实相反的虚拟语气If I had arrived earlier, I could have met him.If he had taken you
5、r advice, he might have not made such a mistake.注意：注意：ifif从句中从句中hadhad与与had hadhad had的区别的区别1） 在“if + 主语 + had + 名词”的结构中，had为一般过去时动词，If he had money, he would buy that car.如果他现在有钱，他就买那个车了。注意：注意：ifif从句中从句中hadhad与与had hadhad had的区别的区别2）在“if + 主语 + had+had + 过去分词”的结构中，had为过去完成时的助动词。If he had had money,
6、 he would have bought that car.如果他当时有钱的话，他当时就买那个车了7.4 7.4 与将来状况相反的虚拟语气与将来状况相反的虚拟语气使用该虚拟语气时，if从句一定要加主动should，“ifshould”译成“万一”。a. a. 低可能性低可能性If + 主语 + should + 原形动词，主语 + would/could/might/should/ought to +原形动词。If you should fall ill, the meeting would be put off.万一你生病，会议讲延期。 = 你不太可能生病，会议也不太可能延期。7.4 7.
7、4 与将来状况相反的虚拟语气与将来状况相反的虚拟语气b. b. 高可能性高可能性If + 主语 + should + 原形动词，主语 + will/can/may/should/ought to +原形动词。If you should fall ill, the meeting will be put off.万一你生病，会议讲延期。 = 你可能会生病，会议也可能会延期。7.4 7.4 与将来状况相反的虚拟语气与将来状况相反的虚拟语气表示与将来状况相反的虚拟语气，也可与祈使句形成的主句连用。If I should be late, be sure to wait for me.万一我迟到，务必
8、要等我。 = 我可能会迟到，你务必要等我。7.5 使用虚拟语气的注意事项7.5.1.if的省略在虚拟语气的if从句中，若有过去完成时助动词had,表“万一”的情态动词should或were出现时，可将这些词置于主语前，而将if省略。例： If he had done it, he would have felt sorry. = Had he done it, he would have felt sorry. If he should lie, we would punish him. = Should he lie, we would punish him. 7.5.2 时态不一致的假设虚
9、拟语气有时候从句和主干的时态可以不一致，句型如下：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词，主语 + would /could /might/should/ought to + 原形动词 + now。If I had started investing then, I could be rich now. 如果当时我开始投资，我现在就发财了。If I had met her ten years ago, she would be my wife today.如果我10年前遇到她，她现在就是我的妻子了。7.5.3 相当于if的其他连接词in case (that), on condition t
10、hat, provided/providing (that), as long as（只要）， so long as（只要）。这些引导词一般只用在纯表条件的虚拟语气中。例： In case he comes, please let me know. = In case he should come, please let me know. I will go with you on condition that you tell me the truth. I will pardon him provided/providing (that) he confesses.Any book wil
11、l do as long as it is interesting. But for表示的意思是“若非/要不是”既可以表示对现在事实相反的虚拟语气也可以表示对过去实现相反的虚拟语气既可以接从句也可以接名词If it were not that he works hard, I would not like him. = If it were not for his hard work, I would not like him. =Were it not for his hard work, I would not like him. =But for his hard work, I wou
12、ld not like him. 对现在事实相反的虚拟语气If it had not been that he worked hard, I would not like him. = had it not been for his hard work, I would not like him. =But for his hard work, I would not like him. 对过去事实相反的虚拟语气What if should? “要是的话会怎样/要怎么办？”对将来状况存疑的虚拟语气。If从句中一般为情态动词should。 What if he should come? = Wh
13、at might happen /could I (we) do if he should come?如果他来了，会怎样，我们该怎么办？课堂练习The probability that actual remains of soft tissue will be preserved is improved if the organism dies in an environment of rapid deposition and oxygen deprivation.The Fore also displayed familiar facial expressions when asked ho
14、w they would respond if they were the characters in stories that called for basic emotional responses.课堂练习In the mythology of giftedness, it is popularly believed that if people are talented in one area, they must be defective in another, that intellectuals are impractical, that prodigies burn too b
15、rightly too soon and burn out, that gifted people are eccentric, that they are physical weaklings, that theres a thin line between genius and madness, that genius runs in families, that the gifted are so clever they dont need special help, that giftedness is the same as having a high IQ, that some r
16、aces are more intelligent or musical or mathematical than others, that genius goes unrecognised and unrewarded, that adversity makes men wise or that people with gifts have a responsibility to use them.课堂练习In the green-to-yellow lighting conditions of the lowest levels of the forest, yellow and gree
17、n would be the brightest colors, but when an animal is signaling, these colors would not be very visible if the animal was sitting in an area with a yellowish or greenish background.课堂练习Imagine, for example, how astounded even a great seventeenth-century scientist like Isaac Newton would be by our current global communication system, were he alive today.What if they tell me this curving line branching into three oval shapes is a pomegranate and that my mother was wishing me fertility and posterity?
