1、林语堂的翻译理论与实践林语堂的翻译理论与实践1PPT课件林语堂林语堂2PPT课件Life and WorksnLin Yutang (October 10, 1895 March 26, 1976) was a Chinese writer and inventor. He was born in a small town in Zhangzhou, Fujian. nHis father was a Christian minister. His has shifted his faith from Christianity to Taoism and Buddhism, and back
2、to Christianity .He obtained his bachelors degree from St. Johns University in Shanghai , a masters degree in comparative literature from Harvard University , and a doctorate in linguistics from Leipzig3PPT课件 University in Germany(德国莱比锡大学德国莱比锡大学). He has been celebrated as a Chinese author of books
3、in English and known for his work as a linguist, philosopher, writer, traveler, and inventor. From 1923 to 1926 he taught English literature at Peking University. Urged by Pearl Buck(赛珍珠赛珍珠),he went to America in 1935 and soon published his first best sellers My Country and My People. Actually, his
4、main countribution is writting, especially writtings in English, not translation.4PPT课件n1940年纽约艾迈拉大学（年纽约艾迈拉大学（Elmira College）校长给他颁授荣誉文学博士学位时，称赞他为校长给他颁授荣誉文学博士学位时，称赞他为“哲学家、作家、才子、是爱国者，也是世界哲学家、作家、才子、是爱国者，也是世界公民公民”， “ by the magic of your pen, you have portrayed the soul of your great people to the peopl
5、e of the English speaking world in a way no person has ever done before. In doing so, you have spoken to the people of the English speaking world in their own language with an artistry that is at once their envy, admiration and despair.”5PPT课件nLin is best known for his translation of Humor. His prom
6、otion of humorous literature won him the title of Master of Humor. 6PPT课件Translation works英译汉：英译汉：n1.1.国民革命外记国民革命外记 原著者待查原著者待查n2.2.女子与知识女子与知识 罗素夫人原著罗素夫人原著n3.3.易卜生评传及其情书易卜生评传及其情书 布兰地司原著布兰地司原著n4.4.卖花女卖花女( (剧本剧本) ) 萧伯纳原著萧伯纳原著n5.5.励志文集励志文集 马尔腾博士原著马尔腾博士原著n6.6.新的文评新的文评 史宾冈、克罗斋、王尔德等史宾冈、克罗斋、王尔德等原著原著7PPT课件汉译
7、英：汉译英：n1. Six Chapters of a Floating Life, by 1. Six Chapters of a Floating Life, by Shen Fu, Rendered into English by Lin Shen Fu, Rendered into English by Lin YutangYutang 浮生六记浮生六记，清朝沈复原著，清朝沈复原著n2. Chuangtse2. Chuangtse, , 英译庄子英译庄子n3. The Importance of Understanding: 3. The Importance of Understan
8、ding: Translations from the Chinese Translations from the Chinese 中国古文中国古文小品选译小品选译（又称（又称古文小品古文小品）晋朝陶潜等）晋朝陶潜等原著原著8PPT课件n4. Nun of Taishan4. Nun of Taishan and other Translations and other Translations 英译老残游记第二集及其他选译英译老残游记第二集及其他选译n5. The Chinese Theory of Art: 5. The Chinese Theory of Art: Translation
9、 from the Master of Chinese Translation from the Master of Chinese ArtArt中国画论，译自国画名家中国画论，译自国画名家n6. 6. 冥寥子游冥寥子游 明朝屠隆原著明朝屠隆原著9PPT课件nHe creates a lot of famous novels in English, including his first successful book My Country and My People (吾国与吾民吾国与吾民), and Moment in Peking ( 京华烟京华烟云云 ) for which he wa
10、s once nominated for the Nobel Prize for Literature.10PPT课件nParts of his works are adapted translations from Chinese classics, for example, his The Wisdom of Laotse (老子的智老子的智慧慧) is translated from Laotses The Book of Tao (道道德经德经).11PPT课件nApart from that, he translated and introduced a great deal of
11、Chinese literature abroad, such as Six Chapters of a Floating Life (浮生六记浮生六记) by Shen Fu (沈复沈复) in the Qing Dynasty, making enormous contributions to dissimilating Chinese culture.12PPT课件Translation Theory and practice He wrote the essay On Translation and put forward the new criteria of translating
12、“ Faithfulness, Coherence, Beauty.” 13PPT课件n林语堂在林语堂在论翻译论翻译中提出的翻译观：中提出的翻译观：“faithfulness”,“expressiveness” and“ beauty 1.忠实标准：忠实标准： 林氏认为林氏认为, 忠实的程度大致可以分为四等忠实的程度大致可以分为四等: 直译、死直译、死译、意译和胡译。译、意译和胡译。 2.通顺标准通顺标准: 以句义为先以句义为先, 字义为后。与此同时字义为后。与此同时, 林氏还提出句译林氏还提出句译理论理论, 主张翻译只能以句为主体的主张翻译只能以句为主体的 句译句译, 不能以字为不能以字为主
13、体的字译。主体的字译。 3.美的标准美的标准: 翻译还有美的方面须兼顾。理想的翻译家应当将其翻译还有美的方面须兼顾。理想的翻译家应当将其工作当做一种艺术。以爱艺术之心爱它工作当做一种艺术。以爱艺术之心爱它, 以对艺术谨以对艺术谨慎不苟之心对它慎不苟之心对它, 使翻译成为美术之一种。使翻译成为美术之一种。14PPT课件n他又从另一角度将这三条说成是译者的三种责他又从另一角度将这三条说成是译者的三种责任任: 第一是译者对原著者的责任第一是译者对原著者的责任, 第二是译者第二是译者对中国读者的责任对中国读者的责任, 第三是译者对艺术的责任。第三是译者对艺术的责任。三样的责任心齐备三样的责任心齐备,
14、然后可以谓具有真正译家然后可以谓具有真正译家的资格。的资格。15PPT课件nIn On Poetry Translation: advocates that in translating poetry，it is acceptable to use rhymes，but generally speaking，it is more advisable not to use rhymes.nIn his poetry translation，the rhythm inherent in a poem dominates over rhymes.16PPT课件浮生六记浮生六记 中林译与中林译与 Sh
15、irley 版本对比版本对比n例一：至乾隆庚子正月二十二日花烛之夕例一：至乾隆庚子正月二十二日花烛之夕 (沈复沈复) nOur wedding took place on the twentysecond of the first moon in 1780(Lin Yutangl1) nFive years were to pass before our wedding candles burned , at dusk, on the twentysecond day of the first month of the year of the rat一一1780(Shirley MBlack)
16、 17PPT课件n“花烛之夕花烛之夕”意为意为“举行婚礼举行婚礼”。“夕夕”虽然虽然有有 “傍晚傍晚”之意，但在这个成语中只是一个之意，但在这个成语中只是一个笼统的时间笼统的时间 概念，并非确切的某个时间。林概念，并非确切的某个时间。林语堂提出语堂提出“译者对译者对 于原文有字字了解而无字于原文有字字了解而无字字译出之责任。字译出之责任。”因此，他对因此，他对“花烛之夕花烛之夕”的的翻译是翻译是“our wedding took place”，而，而Shirley MBlack将它译成将它译成“our wedding candles burned，at dusk”虽然虽然Shirley MBl
17、ack将成语将成语“花烛之夕花烛之夕”的每一个字都的每一个字都译了出译了出 来，但是译文很可能给目的语读者造来，但是译文很可能给目的语读者造成误解：读者看成误解：读者看 到到“dusk”一词，不免联想到一词，不免联想到原来中国的婚礼总是在原来中国的婚礼总是在 晚上举行的。林语堂晚上举行的。林语堂没有对没有对“花烛之夕花烛之夕”字字对译但是，他的译文字字对译但是，他的译文为目的语读者传达了该成语的确切为目的语读者传达了该成语的确切 含义。含义。 18PPT课件n例二：正值太平盛世，且在衣冠之家(沈复)nThe country was then in the heyday of peace and
18、, moreover was born in a scholars family(Lin Yutang ) nMine was a fulldress familyone of scholars and gentle People(Shirley MBlack ) 19PPT课件n汉语中的汉语中的“衣冠之家衣冠之家”是学者文人之家的意思，是学者文人之家的意思， 所以，林语堂的译文是所以，林语堂的译文是“a scholars family”；但是但是 Shirley MBlack将其翻译为将其翻译为“fulldress family，one of scholars and gentle peop
19、le”她对她对“衣冠之家衣冠之家”的翻的翻 译又是字译又是字字对译，与林语堂的翻译比较而言，语言显字对译，与林语堂的翻译比较而言，语言显 得冗长。得冗长。20PPT课件Lets appreciate a poem21PPT课件 诗歌翻译中美的体现诗歌翻译中美的体现声声慢声声慢 寻寻觅觅，寻寻觅觅， 冷冷清清，冷冷清清， 凄凄惨惨戚戚。凄凄惨惨戚戚。 乍暖还寒时候，乍暖还寒时候， 最难将息。最难将息。 三杯两盏淡酒，三杯两盏淡酒， 怎敌他晓来风急怎敌他晓来风急? nSlow slow tune nSo dim，So dark， nSo dense， So dull， nSo damp， So d
20、ank， So dead nThe weather，now warm，now cold， nMakes it harder than ever to forget! nHow can thin wine and bread nServe as protection nAgainst the piercing wind of sunset! 22PPT课件n葬花吟葬花吟 nTaiyu Predicting Her Own Death n花谢花飞飞满天花谢花飞飞满天,红消香断有谁怜红消香断有谁怜?n游丝软系飘春榭游丝软系飘春榭,落絮轻沾扑绣帘。落絮轻沾扑绣帘。nFly, fly, ye faded
21、 and broken dreamsn Of fragrance, for the spring is gone!nBehold the gossamer entwine the screens,n And wandering catkins kiss the stone.23PPT课件n闺中女儿惜春暮闺中女儿惜春暮,愁绪满怀无著处愁绪满怀无著处,n手把花锄出绣帘手把花锄出绣帘,忍踏落花来复去？忍踏落花来复去？nHere comes the maiden from out her chamber door,n Whose secret no one shall share.nShe gathe
22、rs the trodden blossoms lingeringly,n And says to them her votive prayer. 24PPT课件25PPT课件n词的开篇落笔见奇，连出十四个叠字，一句三叠韵，六双声，n两两相叠。声音抑扬顿挫，声腔时圆时平，诗人充分利用了这n14个字发音口型的不同，且在原诗结尾借助较多的闭口音i】的n使用，从而达到错落有致的效果。并且，叠字的使用，加强了n时空感，增强了动态层次性，深刻地传达出李清照凄凉、悲痛n悲切之情。通过对林语堂先生声声慢译文的赏析，我们可以看到：n林老的翻译如行云流水，独具匠心。在遣词造句，传情达意方面，n都能忠实地再现原文的特色，音美，意美，神美，气美，形美n都有所体现。有些地方甚至“创译”，体现了其对艺术谨慎热爱n之情。26PPT课件
