1、 情态动词情态动词must, can, could, may, might表推测的用法：表推测的用法：情态动词中的情态动词中的must, can, could, may, might都表推测。都表推测。其中其中must的可能性最大，的可能性最大，can / could次之，次之，may / might最小。具体用法如下：最小。具体用法如下：1. must的用法的用法（1）表示推测）表示推测“可能性可能性”时，意思是时，意思是“一定、准一定、准是是”，语气较肯定，较有把握。，语气较肯定，较有把握。He must be American. = It is certain that he is Am
2、erican. 他准是个美国人。他准是个美国人。（2）must表推测只能用于肯定句。表推测只能用于肯定句。如表示如表示“一定不、肯定不一定不、肯定不”的意思时，应用的意思时，应用cant,如询问某种可能时，应用如询问某种可能时，应用can。He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。他肯定知道我的地址。（一定）（一定） He cant know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）（一定不）Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址吗？（询问他知道我的地址吗？（询问可能性）可能性）（3）must表示推测时，
3、可以推测现在表示推测时，可以推测现在/正在发生的正在发生的动作动作/过去发生的动作。过去发生的动作。He must have a car now. （现在）他一定有辆小（现在）他一定有辆小汽车。汽车。He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。（正在进行）他一定在教室里做练习。He must have finished the work.（过去发生）他（过去发生）他一定已完成了工作。一定已完成了工作。注：注：must表示推测时表示推测时很少用于将来的情况很少用于将来的情况。一般不。一般不用用He must c
4、ome tomorrow。可用可用Its certain / Im sure that he will come tomorrow.（4）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的）在反意疑问句中，当附属部分含有表示推测意义的must时，疑问部分的时，疑问部分的助动词应与助动词应与must后面的动词后面的动词在非推测情况下在非推测情况下的用法的用法保持一致保持一致。 He must be a worker, isnt he? （现在）他准时个工人，（现在）他准时个工人，是吗？是吗？You must have learned English for many years, havent you
5、? （完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？（完成时）你一定学了好多年英语，是吗？比较：比较：It must have rained last night, didnt it? （过去）昨晚（过去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？一定下雨了，是不是？He must have arrived by yesterday morning, hadnt he?Must 的用法 1（表示不可避免性或肯定性）必然要，必定会All men must die . 2（表示与说话人愿望相反、不耐烦）偏要 Why must you be so stubborn? 3 ( 表示主张或决心）一定要坚持要 He must alw
6、ays have his own way 他总是自行其是2. can / could的用法的用法（1）can表示推测表示推测“可能性可能性”时，往往用于时，往往用于否定句或疑问句否定句或疑问句。Cant“一定不一定不”，can在疑问句中意思是在疑问句中意思是“会、可能会、可能”。He cant be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。他一定不在家。（2）can /cant+ have done，表示对过去发生的动作进行，表示对过去发生的动作进行推测。推测。He cant have gone to Shanghai fo
7、r I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他。他不可能去了上海，我刚才还看见他。Its so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能天晚了，她可能去哪儿了呢？去哪儿了呢？（3）could 还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请还可以用于表示客气、委婉、礼貌的请求语气。求语气。 Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station? Could you help me?（4）could have done 本能做但未做，表虚拟语气本能做但未做，表虚拟语气 I cou
8、ld have done it well，but I wasnt so careful then.3. may和和might的用法的用法（1） may, might表示推测表示推测“可能性可能性”时，意思是时，意思是“可能可能”、“也许也许”He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.他可能是个美国人。他可能是个美国人。注：注：might不表示过去时态，只是语气上比不表示过去时态，只是语气上比may更委更委婉，表示的可能性更小。婉，表示的可能性更小。（2）may, might表推测时，可以用于否定句，意思表推
9、测时，可以用于否定句，意思是是“可能不、也许不可能不、也许不”，但，但不用于疑问句不用于疑问句。He may / might not be at home. 他也许不在家。他也许不在家。（3）may, might可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过可以推测现在正在发生的动作或过去发生的动作。去发生的动作。He may / might be sleeping now. The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. 这个男孩可能没在家看电视。这个男孩可能没在家看电视。These students may / might have seen the fil
10、m before.（过去）（过去） 这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。这些学生以前可能看过这部电影。u Choose the best answers :1. I thought you_ like something to read. So I have brought you some books. A. ought B. might C. would D. must 2. That man must be Sarahs husband. No, he_ be her husband. She is still single.A. cant B. mustnt C. may not D. ou
11、ght to 3. Peter _come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure.A. must B. may C. can D. will 4. What_ it be? It_ be a mail box, for it is moving. It_ be a car.A. can; cant; must B. can; can; mustC. can; mustnt; must D. must; mustnt; can5. Look, someone is coming. Guess_ . Jack. Hes always on time.A. w
12、ho can it be B. who he mayC. who he can be D. who it can be6. I saw Mary in the library yesterday. You_ her. She is still abroad.A. mustnt see B. cant have seen C. mustnt have seen D. couldnt see7. David, you _play with the valuable bottle, you_ break it.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must
13、 D. cant; shouldnt 8. Susan refuses to marry Jack now. She _her mind.A. must change B. should have changedC. must have changed D. would have changed9. Sue_ come together with us tonight, but she isnt very sure yet.A. must B. may C. need D. will 10. Aunt Margaret_ the train, otherwise she would have
14、arrived here by now.A. must have missed B. should have missedC. had missed D. might miss 情态动词情态动词+have+done” 表表“本来本来” 使用情形分析使用情形分析一、一、should have done过去本来应该过去本来应该 （而实际上并没有（而实际上并没有) should not have done 本不应该本不应该而实际上却已而实际上却已经经”如：如：1. We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instea
15、d. 我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们却我们昨晚本应学习的，但我们却去看音乐会了。（实际上没有学习）去看音乐会了。（实际上没有学习）二、二、could have done表示表示过去本来能够过去本来能够实际上没能做实际上没能做。如如:1. I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本来能用我本来能用12秒钟完秒钟完100米的。米的。(实际上没能实际上没能)2. If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你当时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已如果你当
16、时能如期完成那任务的话，你可能已提升了。提升了。(实际上没有被提升实际上没有被提升)三、三、need not have done它表示过去已做的事，事实上没有必要。如，它表示过去已做的事，事实上没有必要。如，1. I need not have got up so early. 我本来不必要那么早起床的。我本来不必要那么早起床的。(事实上早已起床事实上早已起床)2. I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。我本来不必要等一个小时的火车。（事实上已经等了一个小时）（事实上已经等了一个小时）问题问题: : w
17、ould have donewould have done在什么情况下使用呢在什么情况下使用呢? ?四、四、would have done 用在虚拟语气中用在虚拟语气中 表示表示与过去事实相反之假设的结果与过去事实相反之假设的结果，常与，常与if 的条件的条件句连用。句连用。1. I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties. 要是我当时知道你们的窘境，我就会帮助要是我当时知道你们的窘境，我就会帮助你了。（而实际上没有帮助你）你了。（而实际上没有帮助你）2. If it hadnt rained yesterday, w
18、e would have gone out for a walk.假如昨天没下雨，我们就去散步了。假如昨天没下雨，我们就去散步了。（实际上没有去）（实际上没有去）Practice1.Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt turn up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving2. If he had been here yesterday, he _ this pop star.A. would
19、meet B. would had metC. met D. must have met3.It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I_ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fallShall的用法 1.shall 通常用于第一、三人称,疑问句中可表示征询听话人的意见。 When
20、 shall he be able to leave the hospital? 2.shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁。 You shall fail if you dont work harder. He shall be punished.Should 的用法 should 表劝告、建议、命令，其同义词为ought to ，但ought to 比should 具有更强的道义、责原则、义务、或法律等意味。 You should go to class right away 2 （与why,who ,how 等连用，表示意外、惊异等）竟然，竟会 How s
21、hould I know? 我怎么会知道呢？ I should say 据我看 （用于表示必要、适当、惊奇、遗憾等的从句）竟然会，应该It is astonishing that we should find violence here.Practice 1 Naturally ,after I told her what to do, my daughter _go and do the opposite. A must B may C can D should 2 He is young ,_ he help you carry the box to the car? A will B shall C let D how about 3 It has been told that candidates _ remain in their seats until all papers have been collected. A can B will C need D shallABD
