1、.1GrammarThe Relative Clause定语从句定语从句.2定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念1 定语从句是整个句子充当定语定语从句是整个句子充当定语, , 来修饰来修饰名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫名词或代词。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先先行词行词，定语从句一般，定语从句一般紧跟紧跟先行词。定从一先行词。定从一般用般用关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词引导，关系词在引导，关系词在含义上含义上替代替代先行词先行词, ,并在定语从句中并在定语从句中充当充当一个成分一个成分。.3定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念2vThe man who came to see me thi
2、s morning is my cousin. 今天早晨来看我的人是我表弟. 先行词 定语从句 关系代词作主语，不可省 .4定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念3v关系代词关系代词：v代人代人: who（主语主语/宾语），宾语），whom（宾语）v代物代物: which（主语主语/宾语）宾语）v代人或物代人或物: that ( (主语主语/宾语宾语) )vWhose 某人的/某物的, （先行词的所有格先行词的所有格)；v关系代词在从句中关系代词在从句中做主语，不能省略做主语，不能省略; ;v做宾语，可以省略。做宾语，可以省略。 .5定语从句的基本概念定语从句的基本概念4v关系副词：关系副词：v
3、Where 表示地点，在定从中作地点状语地点状语;vWhen 表示时间，在定从中作时间状语时间状语;vWhy 表示原因，在定从中作原因状语原因状语。 .6v关系代词关系代词vwhichvwho / whomvthatv关系副词关系副词vwhenvwherevwhyv诀窍诀窍:v先找定语从句所先找定语从句所修饰的先行词修饰的先行词;v再判断定从里缺再判断定从里缺少成分吗少成分吗?v如缺成分如缺成分, 缺的是缺的是什么成分什么成分? 主语主语还是宾语还是宾语? .7v1. Do you know the lady _ gave us a speech last week ?v(who, that)
4、v2. The book _ cost me 1,200 yuan is an encyclopaedia.v(which, that) .8v3. He is a man _ we should learn from.v(whom, who, that, / )v4. That is the place _ I was born.v(where).9v15. The tool _ he is working with is called a tin opener. v(which, that, / )vThe tool with _ he is working is called a tin
5、-opener. v(which).10veg:The book is for the people whose native language is not English.veg: whose cover is red. I bought a bookt th he e c co ov ve er r o of f w wh hi ic ch h i is s r re ed.d.v o of f w wh hi ic ch h t th he e c co ov ve er r i is s r re ed.d.ve eg:g:C Ch hi il ld de er rn n w wh
6、ho os se e p pa ar re en nt ts s a ar re e d de ea ad d a ar re e c ca al ll le ed d o or rp ph ha an ns.s.11v16. The gift was sent by her son _is serving in the army. v(who, that)v17. The gift was sent by her son, who is serving in the army.v(16, 限制性定从限制性定从, 限定作用限定作用;v 17, 非限制性定从非限制性定从, 补充修饰作用补充修饰作
7、用) .12v18. How many students are there in your class _ homes are in Pudong new area? v(whose)v19. They have invited us to visit their school, which is very kind of them. v(非限制性定从中的which还可以指代前面一句话!).13v20. The road was widened, which was exactly what we wanted. .14只用只用that, 不能用不能用which的的5种情况种情况A. 当先行
8、词是不定代词时当先行词是不定代词时 (anything，everything，nothing，all，little)1. Do you have anything that you dont understand?2. Everything that can be done has been done. 3. Im not interested in all that he told me. =Im not interested in what he told me.（宾从） .15vB. 当先行词被最高级形容词所修饰时当先行词被最高级形容词所修饰时,v1. This is the highe
9、st building that I have ever seen. v2. Do you think this is the most powerful computer that has ever been invented?vC. 当先行词被序数词修饰时当先行词被序数词修饰时 v1. The second question that was discussed at the meeting was the most important.v2. This is the last book that is on my reading list. .16vD.当先行词被当先行词被all，no，
10、only，any，very，just，much等词修饰时等词修饰时This is the very book that Ive been looking for. This is the only example that I can give you. .17E.当先行词由人和物共同组成当先行词由人和物共同组成Here are the people and the books that / O I love. .18不能用不能用that的两种情况的两种情况vA. 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中v1. Weve collected many stamps, which are all
11、 very nice.v2. This note was left by Mr. Wu, who was here a moment ago. vB. 在介词后面在介词后面v1. This is country to which he wants to go.v2. At our school, there are about 200 foreign students, most of whom are from Europe. .19ASAs也是也是关系代词，关系代词，用于用于1. Suchas 和和 the sameas结构中结构中I want to buy such a skirt as
12、 you are wearing.I want to buy the same skirt as you are wearing. (比较: I want to buy the same skirt that you are wearing. ).20ASv2. 或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句子子. vShe has done a good job, as we all know.vAs we all know, she has done a good job.21Way做先行词做先行词?vWay做先行词做先行词, 表示方式方法表示方式方法:v定语从句
13、中定语从句中, 可以用可以用v1. in whichv2. thatv3. O.22Way做先行词做先行词?v1. Wallance and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.v2. The way in which these comrades look at problems is wrong.v3. The way that these comrades look at problems is wrong. .23Way做先行词做先行词?v4. The way these comrade
14、s look at problems is wrong.v5. Musicians rarely agree on the way a piece of music should be played. .24CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v1. The old woman has two sons, one of _ is a professor. v2. The old woman has two sons, and one of _ is a professor.v(1. whom, v2. them) .25CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,3. Do you kno
15、w why he was absent?（宾从） 4. Do you know the reason why he was absent?（定从） 5. Do you know the reason which (that) may explain his absence?（定语从句） 以上三句含义相同，句式不同。 .26CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,6. The reason that you were ill yesterday is not accepted. （你昨天生病的原因没有被接受。） v这是一句“同位语”从句的句子，“reason”与“you were ill ye
16、sterday”表达的是同等意思，因此关系词不能用“which”，只能用“that”。 .27CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v7. The news that our team won the game made us excited. （我们队赢的消息使我们激动.同位语从句） 8. The news which (that) I heard through the radio is exciting. （我从广播中听到的消息令人激动.定语从句） .28CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,9. 定语从句中的插入语定语从句中的插入语 vHe made a speech, whi
17、ch I thought was of great importance. vJimmy is the boy, who everybody believes will win the first prize in the singing competition. .29CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v在上述句子中，I thought, everybody believes是插入语，还有I suppose, everybody knows等在定语从句中出现，容易受其迷惑而用错关系词。比如在上述第二句中就不能用“whom”，因为“who”是从句的主语，而“everybody beli
18、eves”是插入语。因此在有插入语的定语从句中，考虑用什么关系代词或副词时，可暂时不考虑插入语，以免受其迷惑。 .301 The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ thesailing time was 226 days. (2004 全国卷全国卷) A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which.312. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (
19、2004 湖南卷湖南卷) A. how B. which C. where D. that.323. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. (2005 广东卷广东卷) A. in which B. by which C. which D. that.334. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit d
20、own together and talk. (2006 山东卷山东卷)A. where B. that C. when D. which.345. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. (2006 浙江卷浙江卷) A. of that B. of which C. that D. which.356. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽卷安徽卷) A. none of t
21、hem B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom.367. Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. (2007 辽宁卷辽宁卷) A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this.371. The person _ you should write to is Mr. Ball.2. The person to _ you should write i
22、s Mr. Ball.3. The games _ he competed in were swimming and shooting.4. The games in _ he competed were swimming and shooting.who / that / whomwhomwhich/thatwhichComplete the following sentences using attributive clauses.385. The poor boy _ lost both his parents last year lives with his grandfather.6
23、. This is the factory _ he worked ten years ago.7. This is the factory _ makes toys.8. He is the boy _family was poor.9. The pen _ he is writing now was bought yesterday.who / thatwhere / in whichwhosewhich / thatwith which.39单句改错单句改错v1.Anyone who break the law will be severely v punished.v2.We can
24、take steps to cut the amount of carbon dioxide that sent out into the air.v3.He is one of the students who has been praised by our teacher.v4.He is the only one of the students who have been praised by our teacher.40单句改错单句改错v5.He bought many books yesterday,most of them are written in English.v6.The
25、 way in which he mentioned at the meeting is quite good.v7.We will never forget the days we spent on the farm then.v8.He was admitted to a key university last year,it made his parents proud.41定语从句注意事项v 学科：英语v 年级：高一v 内容：语法专项v 学校：山丹一中v 教师姓名：邹秀玲.42定语从句注意事项v1.关系代词代替先行词在定从中作主语时，定从谓动必须遵循时态和语态规则。veg: Do yo
26、u know the man who is talking to our head teacher?veg:The mountain climbers who were trapped in the storm were finally saved.43定语从句注意事项v2.定语从句中的主谓一致问题：veg:He told the news to those who were present at the meeting.v3.先行词在定从中所做的成分必须用词替代。veg:The watch I bought it (it取掉)yesterday has gone wrong.v4.关系代词的
27、省略：仅是代替先行词在定从中作宾语时。.44定语从句注意事项veg:The expert we visited last week is from Shanghai.v5.先行词是人且在从句中作宾语时关系代词可以是that,whom,who,或不填。v6.that,why不能引导非限定性定从，其余均可且用法同限定性定从一样。.45定语从句注意事项v7.非限定性定从与简单句和并列句的差别。eg:She has two sons,both of whom are doctors.vShe has two sons.Both of them are doctors.vShe has two sons,and both of them are doctors.46定语从句注意事项v8.先行词是时间，地点，原因时，定从的引导词要分情况。先行词在定从中作主语，宾语时，用that,which。作状语时，用when ,where（可用介词加which替换）,why或for which。.47定语从句注意事项v9.先行词是the way（方式，方法）且在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that 或which。若作方式状语则用that,in which 或不填。veg:Do you like the way he told us?v Do you like the way he treats others?
