1、虚拟语气总复习虚拟语气总复习The Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气 定义：定义：在英语中，表示说话人所说的在英语中，表示说话人所说的话不是事实，或者是话不是事实，或者是不可能发生不可能发生或或可能性可能性比较小比较小的情况，而是一种愿望、怀疑、假的情况，而是一种愿望、怀疑、假设或推测的语气叫虚拟语气。设或推测的语气叫虚拟语气。虚拟语气可以用于条件状语从句、主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。本节课我们将复习本节课我们将复习if条条件从句和件从句和wish后的宾语从句中表示现在、后的宾语从句中表示现在、过去或将来情况的虚拟语气，以及虚拟语过去或将来情况的虚拟语气，以及虚拟语气在其他
2、从句中的运用。气在其他从句中的运用。一一. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中：(1) 表示与表示与现在事实相反现在事实相反的假设的假设, 条件条件 状语从句状语从句中的谓语动词用中的谓语动词用“过去式过去式(be 动词的过去式用动词的过去式用were)”, 而而主句主句中中的谓语动词的谓语动词“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形动词原形”。 If I were a boy, I would join the army. 如果我是一个男孩，我就会去参军如果我是一个男孩，我就会去参军 。If I had a lot of money now, I would tra
3、vel around the world. 如果我有很多钱，我会周游世界。如果我有很多钱，我会周游世界。If I had a lot of money, I would go shopping.如果我有很多钱，如果我有很多钱， 我会去购物我会去购物 (2). 与过去的事实相反与过去的事实相反从句的谓语从句的谓语用用had 过去分词过去分词, 构成构成If I (we, you, he, they)had过去分词的形过去分词的形式；式；主句的谓语主句的谓语用用should(第一人称第一人称)/would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) / could / might have 动动词过去分词。词过
4、去分词。If he _ more carefully, he _ the car accident yesterday.had driven would not have had 如果你昨天开车更细心一点的话如果你昨天开车更细心一点的话, 你就不会出车祸了你就不会出车祸了.(3). 与将来事实相反与将来事实相反从句的谓语用从句的谓语用If I (we, you, he, they) 动词过去式或动词过去式或 were to do 或或should do 形式形式, 主句谓语用主句谓语用should(第一人称第一人称) /would (第二、三人称第二、三人称) /could/ might 动词
5、原形。动词原形。If you succeeded, everything would be all right.If you should succeed, everything would be all right.If you were to succeed, everything would be all right.如果你成功了（事实上失败了），如果你成功了（事实上失败了）， 一切就会变得很好一切就会变得很好.二二. 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句中宾语从句中的用法的用法1. 在动词在动词wish后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中, 表示与表示与现在或过去的事实相反现在或过去的事实相反, 或对
6、将来的或对将来的主观愿望主观愿望, 从句通常省略连词从句通常省略连词that。1) 表示对表示对现在情况现在情况的虚拟的虚拟: 从句动词用从句动词用过去式或过去进行式过去式或过去进行式 (be动词一般用动词一般用were) 。I wish I were a bird.I wish every day were my birthday.I wish/wished I hadnt eaten so much watermelon.(2) 表示对表示对过去情况过去情况的虚拟的虚拟:从句动词从句动词常用常用“had过去分词过去分词”。我想我想/希望我没吃那么多西瓜希望我没吃那么多西瓜.(3) 表示对表
7、示对将来的主观愿望将来的主观愿望: 从句动词形从句动词形式为式为 “ would动词原形动词原形”。注意注意: 主句的主语与从句的主语不能相主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同同, 因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿。愿。 但愿你立刻来。但愿你立刻来。I wish you would come soon.2. 表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。表示要求，命令，建议的虚拟语气。 常见动词：常见动词： 一个坚持，两个命令，一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。三个建议，四个要求。即即:1. insist 2.
8、 order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose4. demand, require, request, desire这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用气。即从句中的动词使用should + 动词动词原形，或者将原形，或者将should省略。省略。e.g. 我们建议我们建议Tom 去休息一下。去休息一下。 We suggested that Tom (should) have a rest.He insisted that I (should) be present.他坚决要求我到场。他坚决要求我到场
9、。 以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括句包括主语从句主语从句，表语从句表语从句和和同位语从句同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。样。即：即：(should)v. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire 他建议我到国外去。他建议我到国外去。He suggested that I ( should ) go abroad.His suggestion was that I( should )go abroad.He made a s
10、uggestion that I ( should ) go abroad 1、insist / suggest 不接虚拟不接虚拟的用法的用法1）. She insisted that she was right. 她她坚持认为坚持认为自己是对的。（坚持事实）自己是对的。（坚持事实） 2）. His uncle insists that he should not stay in the hotel. 他的叔叔他的叔叔坚持要求坚持要求他不要待在旅馆里。他不要待在旅馆里。三：特殊句型三：特殊句型：2. The look on his face suggested that he was unha
11、ppy. （他脸上的表情他脸上的表情表明表明/暗示暗示他不开心。）他不开心。） I suggested that the teachers wages (should) be increased.（我建议老师的工资应该上涨。）（我建议老师的工资应该上涨。）3. Its (about/high) time + (that)should +v.过去时过去时你该走了你该走了我们该去睡觉了我们该去睡觉了Its time that you went.Its time that you should go.Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we shou
12、ld go to bed. 4. as if/as though由由as if (as though) 或或even though (even though) 引导的状语从句表示方式或让引导的状语从句表示方式或让步时步时, 从句谓语形式为动词从句谓语形式为动词的过去式的过去式 (be用用were) 或或 “had过去分词过去分词”。他那样对待我他那样对待我, 好像我是陌生人似的。好像我是陌生人似的。He treats me as if I were a stranger.注意注意: 如果表示的事情可能会发生如果表示的事情可能会发生, 那那么方式状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈么方式状语从句中的谓语动
13、词可用陈述语气。述语气。It is so cloudy. It looks as if It is going to rain.阴天，似乎要下雨。阴天，似乎要下雨。5. would rather that现在现在:过去过去:将来将来:I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had gone, too. Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.过去时过去时过去时过去时过去完成时过去完成时6. without和和but for 构成虚拟。构成虚拟。 but for要不是要不是 But for
14、 your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. （要是没有你的帮助，我将完不成这项任务。）（要是没有你的帮助，我将完不成这项任务。） Without your help, I would have failed. （没有你的帮助，我将无法成功。）（没有你的帮助，我将无法成功。） 7. If only 要是就好了要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see him again!If only I hadnt missed t
15、he train!要是我没错过火车就好了！要是我没错过火车就好了！ 8. 在主语、表语、同位语从句中，虚在主语、表语、同位语从句中，虚拟语气用拟语气用“should + 动词原形动词原形”或动或动词原形来表示。这样的句型有：词原形来表示。这样的句型有：It is strange / natural / important / no wonder / impossible / necessary / a pity / . that .； My advice / suggestion / requirement / . is that . 等。等。9. 某些简单句的固定句型某些简单句的固定句型:
16、Heaven help him! God bless you! May you succeed! Long live the Peoples Republic of China! 10. need “不必做不必做”和和“本不该做本不该做” didnt need to do 表示表示: 过去不必做过去不必做某事某事, 事实上也没做。事实上也没做。 neednt have done 表示表示: 过去不必做过去不必做某事某事, 但事实上做了。但事实上做了。约翰开车去车站接玛丽约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她不必所以她不必步行回家了。步行回家了。John went to the station with
17、 the car to meet Mary, so she didnt need to walk back home. 约翰开车去车站接玛丽约翰开车去车站接玛丽, 所以她本不所以她本不必步行回家了。必步行回家了。 (Mary步行回家步行回家, 没没有遇上有遇上John的车。的车。) John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, so she neednt have walked back home. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt ha
18、ve hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried典型例题典型例题 从从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以四个选项中，选出可以 填入空白处的最佳选项。填入空白处的最佳选项。1. We _ Johns name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury. （江西（江西2011）A. will put B. will have put C. would put D. would have put 2. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature
19、then, I would be able to give you more help. （北京（北京2011）A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. was studying3. George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he _ more on its culture. （江苏（江苏2010）A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused4. Eliza remembers everyt
20、hing exactly as if it _ yesterday. （2006全国卷全国卷I）A. was happening B. happens C. has happened D. happened5. Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. （江苏（江苏2005）A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; whatHomework: 名师大课堂练习 P8、P9、 P24； 英语周报单元试题。
