1、雅思写作雅思写作核心技巧核心技巧Page 2正版地道的框架结构和写作思路正版地道的框架结构和写作思路 剑桥雅思剑桥雅思 6 P164discuss both views 剑桥雅思剑桥雅思 7 P173；6 P172agree or disagree 剑桥雅思剑桥雅思 8 P167Report advantages and disadvantages从提问方式入手从提问方式入手剑桥雅思剑桥雅思 5 P165框架结构框架结构A（advantages and disadvantages）Page 34(1+1)4段搞定雅思大作文introductionMain body 1(advantages)M
2、ain body 2(disadvantages)conclusion真的这么简单吗？真的这么简单吗？ 看看考官怎么做吧！看看考官怎么做吧！（剑（剑5 P53）n 第一句：引出背景第一句：引出背景n It is quite common these days for sb (+地点) to do sth+(+时间状语)n 第二句：引申和拓展第二句：引申和拓展n 例子、具体化 （specific）n 第三句第三句(optional)：我的观点：我的观点4第一段第一段introduction4段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文剑6 P164 (huge houses and cars)剑7 P173
3、 (stars of film, sport or popular music)剑8 P167 (both in cities and on motorways everywhere)n 第二段第二段：n 第一部分：对方的坏处第一部分：对方的坏处n 点到为止，不要展开，要有针对性。n 第二部分：我方的好处第二部分：我方的好处 （加by contrast）n 好处一n 好处二n 好处三+一句话拓展Page 5Main body 1(advantages)4段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文“正反论证正反论证”以后详聊以后详聊independent, which is a very importan
4、t factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life. 是要写是要写“出去出去玩或者工作的玩或者工作的好处好处”吗？吗？第二段的基本结构第二段的基本结构对立方对立方坏处坏处我方我方好处一好处一我方我方好处二好处二我方我方好处三好处三好处三好处三的论证的论证对立方对立方坏处坏处我方我方好处一好处一好处一好处一的论证的论证我方好我方好处二处二好处二好处二的论证的论证Page 6反正都是反正都
5、是5句话句话n 第三段：第三段：n 第一部分：引蛇出洞第一部分：引蛇出洞n （对方对我的批评和我的坏处）n 第二部分：驳论第二部分：驳论 （加转（加转折）折）n 驳其一点，破其全身Page 74段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文Main body 2(disadvantages)是要写是要写“出去出去玩或者工作的玩或者工作的坏处坏处”吗？吗？你是否注意到你是否注意到“certainly”“驳论驳论”怎么用？怎么用？下一节课详聊下一节课详聊Page 8中间两段的逻辑中间两段的逻辑1 1先说先说对立面的对立面的坏处坏处2 2 再说再说 我方的我方的 三个好处三个好处3 3 掉头引掉头引出别人对出别人
6、对我的批评我的批评4 4 再把这再把这个批评驳个批评驳倒倒5 5 观点观点水到渠成水到渠成这才是雅思这才是雅思作文的逻辑作文的逻辑n 末段：末段：n 第一句：提出第一句：提出/ 重申总论点重申总论点n My view is thatn 第二句：补充我的一个好处或原第二句：补充我的一个好处或原因因n 第三句：第三句：how to do it (measures)Page 94段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文conclusion趁热练习一下趁热练习一下n是否应该资助艺术nGovernments have been spending large amount of money on supporti
7、ng art. Some people that public money should be better spent on health and education. Please discuss both views and give your own opinion.n完全可以改为“政府资助艺术的advantages and disadvantages”!Page 10框架结构框架结构B（discuss both views）Page 114(1+1)4段搞定雅思大作文introductionMain body 1(A的观点)Main body 2(B的观点)conclusion真的这
8、么简单吗？真的这么简单吗？ 看看考官怎么做吧！看看考官怎么做吧！（剑（剑6 P53）n 第一段：第一段：n 第一句：引出背景第一句：引出背景 n 第二句：引申和拓展第二句：引申和拓展n 例子、具体化 specificn 第三句第三句(optional)：我的观点：我的观点124段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文第一段第一段introductionAs a result of = due to = owing to = because of 练习因果关系的句型练习因果关系的句型n 因为人口增加，野生动物数量在下降。因为人口增加，野生动物数量在下降。n As a result of the incr
9、ease of human population, the number of wild animals has decreased.n The number of wild animals has dropped because of the rise of human population.n There appeared a fall in the number of wild animals due to the climb of human population. n 主语+谓语+宾语n The increase of human population lead to / accou
10、nt for / be responsible for / contribute to the drop of wild animals. Page 13rapiddramaticallyfrom our planetduring the past few decadessharplysignificantfrom our globeduring the past few decadesmightn 第二段：驳论第二段：驳论n Many people find/ claim+简单原因n 转折转折n 反驳：驳其一点，破其全身反驳：驳其一点，破其全身n 注意：只要不是注意：只要不是report类型
11、的文类型的文章基本都需要驳论。章基本都需要驳论。144段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文Main body 1(A的观点)我们来聊一下驳论我们来聊一下驳论n 英语议论文不仅要说明自己的观点是如何正确的，还要说明反方的观点为什么是错误的，这就是议论文中的驳论议论文中的驳论。n 驳论驳论先不写自己的观点，写反方观点，然后对反方观点进行反驳或表达自己的观点。n refute one of your obvious counter-arguments/ opposing argumentsn 反方观点+转折+立论Page 15驳论的英文句型驳论的英文句型n 1Some people think that
12、 (反方观点), because (反方的简单论据). However, they are oversimplifying the situation. In fact (反驳反方观点或建立己方观点). n 2 There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out where cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. Page 16我们也有简单的句型我
13、们也有简单的句型3It is true that(反方观点中的某些方面)4That is not to say thatnot(并不是说反方观点完全没有道理)Page 17一个例子：核技术一个例子：核技术nWhat is your opinion about nuclear technologies? n可能的总论点是：nIn fact, the nuclear technology is more a curse than a blessing for society. 18n一个可能的分论点是：nAs an energy provider, the nuclear technology w
14、ould threaten or even destroy the environment if there were a technical accident, which is more often than not the case. 19n 这个分论点以前可以加上反方观点，构成一个驳论：这个分论点以前可以加上反方观点，构成一个驳论：n Some people think that the nuclear technology, as an energy provider, is beneficial for society, because it can create cheap an
15、d clean energy. However, they are oversimplifying the situation. In fact, if there were a technical accident, which is more often than not the case, the outcome would be disastrous 20n Public transportation:n There is a widespread belief that increasing wealth encourages people to live farther out w
16、here cars are the only viable transport. The example of European cities refutes that. They are often wealthier than their American counterparts but have not generated the same level of car use. In Stockholm, car use has actually fallen in recent years as the city has become larger and wealthier. 21n
17、Air transport is increasingly used to export types of fruit and vegetables to countries where those plants cant grow or out of season. Some say it is a good thing, but others consider this use of air transport cant be justified. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.22n如果我们的总论点是“空运蔬菜和水果的好处比坏处
18、多”，支持的分论点可能有“当地居民可以有多种多样的食物选择”：nThe air transport of fruits and vegetables might enable people to have a variety of food choice. 23n第二个论点就要驳论了。nSome people hold the view that it is too expensive to use air transport. However, if the amount of such cargo reaches to a certain level, the cost will be r
19、ather reasonable. In addition, air-transported fruit and vegetables are not necessarily more expensive than those grown in local areas. 24n 第三个论点也可以驳论。n Some people suggest that we should invest in green house plants instead. However, such genetic generated plants are not as tasty as those grown in
20、their originally areas. In addition, although it seems cheaper since we do not have to transport them, the cost will grow enormously once we include the expense of researching and constructing the green house.25最后一个关于驳论的例子最后一个关于驳论的例子nIn many countries，the proportion of older people is steadily incre
21、asing. Does this trend make positive or negative effects to society？反驳老年人体力弱反驳老年人体力弱n Some people might argue that old people are physically weak and therefore society might be not energetic enough to develop. However, modern sciences and technologies have enabled old men to be physically strong eno
22、ugh to meet the challenges in modern society. (In the past, old people aged over sixty were rather fragile. But nowadays, because of medicine innovations and scientific exercises, senior people could still enjoy a life with various activities. Therefore, it is not wise to question the old peoples wo
23、rking ability now.)反驳老年人保守反驳老年人保守n Quite a few people insist that old people are conservative. However, a large proportion of old people nowadays do not work simply for economic reasons. (They are trying all the way out to be informed of fresh ideas and theories. As a result, they also surf on the I
24、nternet and make friends all over the world. In addition, to be conservative sometimes is the prerequisite of glorious success in modern society. )n还可以反驳“老年人抢了年轻人饭碗”！n还可以反驳“老年人年纪大了，脑筋不灵活”！n。n 我方好处总结我方好处总结n 好处一好处一n 好处二好处二n 好处三（注意句型变化）好处三（注意句型变化）n 一句话总结一句话总结30Main body 2(B的观点)4段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文n 末段：末段：
25、n 第一句：提出观点第一句：提出观点n 第二句：补充我的一个第二句：补充我的一个好处或原因好处或原因n 例子、具体化Page 31conclusion4段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文Page 32中间两段的逻辑中间两段的逻辑1先说先说观点观点A成立的理成立的理由由2 再把再把这些理由这些理由驳倒驳倒3 接下来接下来摆出观点摆出观点B成立的三成立的三个理由个理由4 4 总论点总论点水到渠成水到渠成比上一个比上一个结构简单结构简单趁热练一下趁热练一下n 运动设施的增加对大众健康有无好处？运动设施的增加对大众健康有无好处？n Task 2:n Some people believe that to
26、 improve public health should increase the number of sports facilities; others believe that it has little effects and need other measures to improve it.n Discuss both views and give your opinion.Page 33第二段的结构第二段的结构341 1 很多人认为增加很多人认为增加体育设施可以增进体育设施可以增进公众健康公众健康原因：方便社区、原因：方便社区、缓解压力缓解压力转折：人们不健康转折：人们不健康的原
27、因在于生活习的原因在于生活习惯不好惯不好而且，环境污染严而且，环境污染严重重总之，只靠增加体总之，只靠增加体育设施是不够的。育设施是不够的。第三段的结构第三段的结构351 1 面对环境污染、面对环境污染、人们不良生活习惯，人们不良生活习惯，增加体育设施作用增加体育设施作用不大不大很多疾病和污染紧很多疾病和污染紧密相连密相连所以，应该先解决所以，应该先解决污染问题污染问题而且，当代人们鸭而且，当代人们鸭梨山大，生活习惯梨山大，生活习惯不良不良所以，应该呼吁缓所以，应该呼吁缓解压力，倡导健康解压力，倡导健康生活方式。生活方式。框架结构框架结构C（agree or disagree）Page 364
28、段搞定雅思大作文introductionMain body 1(agree)Main body 2(disagree)conclusion真的这么简单吗？真的这么简单吗？ 看看考官怎么做吧！看看考官怎么做吧！（剑（剑7 P128）n 第一句：提出观点第一句：提出观点n I agree with the view thatn 第二句：观点基本拓展第二句：观点基本拓展n 具体化specific + 简要原因374段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文第一段第一段introductionIt often seems that n 掉头写对方的好处或对方观点成掉头写对方的好处或对方观点成立的原因立的原因n
29、正版句型：it is (certainly) true that/ it has to be admitted that n 有可能的话再写一段，但不要过度展开。384段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文Main body 1(agree)真的在写真的在写agree吗？吗？It is also true that it is only those who who can get these huge salaries.形式主语形式主语强调句型强调句型定语从句定语从句n 第三段：第三段： （文章重点）n 我方的好处或我方观点成立的原我方的好处或我方观点成立的原因因n 前面加承接词或承接句394段搞定
30、雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文 unfortunately, assuming that .is not the same as claiming./assuming that .does not necessarily mean that 对方的好处is not the justification for ）Main body 2(disagree) 剑6 P168 第三段开头“however, reaching the conclusion that change is inevitable is not the same as assuming that change is always f
31、or the better”真的在写真的在写disagree吗？吗？n 第一句：重申观点（让步在第一句：重申观点（让步在前）前）n 第二句：补充我的一个好处第二句：补充我的一个好处或原因或原因 n 或者对前面分论点的总结或者对前面分论点的总结n 例子、具体化n 第三句：第三句：how to do itPage 40conclusion4段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文there may be reasons why should be Young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizonsPage 41中间两（三）段的逻辑中间两（
32、三）段的逻辑1先掉头先掉头说赞成说赞成的理由的理由2 2 有可有可能的话能的话再说一再说一个理由个理由3 接下来一接下来一个承接句，个承接句，说出不赞成说出不赞成的理由的理由4 4 总论点总论点水到渠成水到渠成比上一个比上一个结构简单结构简单趁热练一下趁热练一下n 学生从老师那里还是科技那里学到的东西多？学生从老师那里还是科技那里学到的东西多？n Task 2:n Students at schools and universities learn far more from lessons with teachers than from others sources (such as the
33、 internet, television).n To what extent do you agree or disagree?42第二段的结构第二段的结构431 1 确实，科技可以确实，科技可以使学生更高效地学使学生更高效地学习知识习知识原因原因1 1：网络上信：网络上信息海量，方便获得息海量，方便获得原因原因2 2：多媒体更：多媒体更有趣，引起学生兴有趣，引起学生兴趣趣总之，当代科技对总之，当代科技对学生教育帮助大。学生教育帮助大。第三段的结构第三段的结构441 1 但是，承认科技但是，承认科技有作用并不代表它有作用并不代表它们就可以取代老师们就可以取代老师原因原因1 1：网上不良：网上
34、不良信息，需要老师监信息，需要老师监管和引导管和引导原因原因2 2：老师的优：老师的优势在于互动和反馈，势在于互动和反馈，这一点电脑无法做这一点电脑无法做到到所以，教师不能被所以，教师不能被科技取代，科技是科技取代，科技是教师的辅助。教师的辅助。框架结构框架结构C的另外一种官方版本的另外一种官方版本Page 454段搞定雅思大作文introductionMain body 1(agree)Main body 2(disagree)conclusion 看看另一个考官怎么做看看另一个考官怎么做吧！吧！（剑（剑6 P126）n 第一句：提出观点第一句：提出观点n I tend to agree t
35、hatn 第二句：观点基本拓展第二句：观点基本拓展n 具体化specific + 简要原因464段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文第一段第一段introduction上一篇文章：上一篇文章：I agree with the view thatThis is partly because请注意：考官如何替换题目中请注意：考官如何替换题目中using a computer every day?1 Too much time spent on the computer every day2Sitting in front of a screen for too long 3Too much expos
36、ure 4Use the equipment enthusiastically 5Overuse computern 第二段：第二段：n 顺着首段，说明我方观点的原因二顺着首段，说明我方观点的原因二n 第三段：第三段：n 我方观点的原因三我方观点的原因三n Tips：这两段可以合为一段：这两段可以合为一段474段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文Main body 1(agree)第二段的第二段的however与剑与剑7 P173第二段的第二段的however意思意思一样吗？一样吗？The main concern is n 第三段：第三段： （让步段；非重点）n 后退一步，承认对方观点存在的理由
37、（承认好的方面）n 前面加承接词或承接句484段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文Main body 2(disagree)In spite of this, the obvious benefits of （主题）cannot be denied.主动句呢？We cannot deny the obvious benefits of However, it is dangerous to conclude that computer activities have brought only benefits to young students. therefore it is important
38、/ necessary/ appropriate that 特别适合放在己方观点段落特别适合放在己方观点段落最后一句，总结性句型最后一句，总结性句型n 第一句：重申总论点n 第二句：how to do to correctPage 49conclusion4段搞定雅思大作文段搞定雅思大作文I think the main point isshould be 家长们：家长们：must ensure老师们：监管和引导老师们：监管和引导学生们：提高认识学生们：提高认识Page 50中间两（三）段的逻辑中间两（三）段的逻辑1先顺着先顺着说电脑说电脑用多的用多的坏处坏处2 2 有可有可能的话能的话再说一
39、再说一个坏处个坏处3 接下来一接下来一个承接句，个承接句，说出电脑的说出电脑的好处好处4 4 总论点总论点水到渠成水到渠成与上一个与上一个结构相反结构相反信息技术的优劣信息技术的优劣n 信息技术information technology对孩子的身心健康功过参半，一方面上网surf on the internet可以让他们获取知识gain access to knowledge and information, 更方便高效effective and efficient,在虚拟世界virtual world里更能创新innovation，获得自信self-esteem51n 另一方面，上网时间过
40、长sitting in front of a screen for too long对视力和身体健康都有危害damaging to both the eyes and the physical posture；信息爆炸information explosion，电脑犯罪cybercrime，电脑游戏electronic games暴力色情等；n 更重要的是，人们会觉得孤独feel isolated因为缺乏面对面的交流because of the lack of face-to-face communication/ human interaction.52Analysis of Report-
41、WritingNowadays, some individuals behave in an anti-society way, such as committing a crime. In general, it is the society to blame. What causes the anti-social behaviors of individuals? Who should be responsible for dealing with it?Nowadays, we rely on news for our knowledge, but we are uncertain a
42、bout the truth of these news. Should we believe journalists? What qualities should a good journalist or correspondent have?53报告类的标准框架报告类的标准框架第四段第四段影响后果影响后果解决方案解决方案第三段第三段原因原因2+2+展开论证展开论证+ +例子例子第二段第二段原因原因1+1+展开论证展开论证+ +例子例子第一段第一段引出背景引出背景回答问题回答问题54剑剑8 P167题目：题目：P79There is no (little) doubt that It is
43、quite common these days for sb to do sthThere is no (little) doubt that 引出一个事实引出一个事实There is little doubt that museums play an irreplaceable role in a countrys educational system.It is quite common for sb to do sth引出一个动作引出一个动作It is quite common these days for many young people to visit museums when
44、they travel to other countries.报告类作文可能出现的原因：报告类作文可能出现的原因：n 科技发展 new technologyn 城市化 urbanizationn 全球化 globalization n 工作生活节奏加快 fast-paced work and lifestyle accelerating pace n 信息社会 information society 会导致 the improvement of efficiency 会导致 stimulate the world economy 会导致 劳动重点的变化 from physical power
45、to intelligence 55三个层面的影响三个层面的影响n 个人n 家庭n 社会/环境n “产生影响”的短语56producePositiveEffectUponyield NegativeImpactonHave Serious/harmfulinfluenceprofound可能的解决之道可能的解决之道n 各方面齐心协力 make concerted effortn 政府首先要负责，制定法律法规 produce regulationsn 相关团体要做贡献 make contribution n 公民个人要提升意识，积极参与 enhance awareness57趁热练一下趁热练一下
46、nNowadays, we are living in a throw-away society. What are its causes and what are its problems?58第一段第一段59报告类首段第一句标准句型报告类首段第一句标准句型: these days, one of the most unfortunate problems we face lies in the fact that 第二句第二句 (optional): 举个具体的例子举个具体的例子第三句第三句: in this essay, therefore, I will propose the fol
47、lowing several reasons/measures第二段第二段60报告类第二段第一句标准句型报告类第二段第一句标准句型: one important reason is that 论证手段第一招：论证手段第一招：正反论证正反论证标配：标配： on the other hand; by contrast; in the pastbut nowadays; unlikeYoung children can enjoy a lot of convenience and comforts in cities.By contrast, children cannot receive a go
48、od education in the country because of the poor teaching facilities and lack of well-trained teachers. In the past, old people aged over sixty were rather fragile. But nowadays, because of medicine innovations and scientific exercises, senior people could still enjoy a life with various activities.论
49、证手段第二招：论证手段第二招：因果关系因果关系标配：标配： As a result; consequently; which means;thereforeComputers and modems have fixed people in front of the little screen. As a result, friends and relatives might lose close contact with each other.Some information in the news paper is not reliable simple because many journ
50、alists fabricate sensational incidents in order to make themselves conspicuous. Reporters, like many people in other occupations, now feel the fierce competition in their own circle. Consequently, some of them deliberately exaggerate or whitewash certain matters to gain the upper hand over their col
