1、 “How do you do?” is a greeting. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late. Make sentences Its certain .well be late. Is he coming or not ？We dont knowWhat does he want to tell us?We dont knowWhen will you come back?It doesnt matter.Its cer
2、tain that we will be late.That well be late is certain.We dont know whether he is coming or not Whether he is coming is not known.We dont know what he wants to tell us.What he wants to tell us is not known.When you will come back doesnt matter.It doesnt matter when you will come back. 主语从句主语从句（Noun
3、Clauses as the Subject） 定义：定义： 用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名用作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：连词连词that, whether；连接代词连接代词who, what和和which；连接副词连接副词when, where, how和和why。主语从句：主语从句：做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做做主语用的名词性从句，因其在复合句中做主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连主语，又称主语从句，引导主语从句的有连词词that ，whether， 连接代词连接代词who ，what ，whic
4、h， 连接副词连接副词when，where， how， why等。等。 1.连接词：连接词：1）从属连词：）从属连词：that， whether等等.that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。成分，但不能省略。 That she left him cut him to the heart.That he will come is certain.2)连接代词连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever What seems e
5、asy to some people seems difficult to others.Which side will win is not clear.由由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。放在句首，句后都可。 Whether it will please them is not easy to say.3)连接副词连接副词when，where， how， why等。等。Why he did it remains a mystery.When they will start is not known yet.How he became a g
6、reat scientist is known to us all.2.位置：位置： 主语从句可以前置，也可以主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。用后置。用it做形式主语，而把主语从做形式主语，而把主语从句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。句，在句末，常用下面几种句型。1）It + be + 表语表语 +主语从句主语从句表语：（名词，表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）形容词，过去分词）It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.It is an honour that I was invited to attend the meeting.It is
7、 a fact (a shame, a pity, good news) thatIt is certain that she will do well in her exam.It is true that I told her everything.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.It is reported that China has sent another manmade earth satellite into orbit.2）It+不及物动词不及物动词+主语从句主语从句It seemed (happened, d
8、oesnt matter, has turned out) that It happens that they were absent.It seems that Alice is not coming to the party at all.It doesnt matter whether she will come or not.It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting.3) It +及物动词（被动语态）及物动词（被动语态）+主语从句主语从句It has been decided that the exhibition w
9、ill not open on Sundays.注意注意:1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，从属连词that可以省略。可以省略。误：误：They should like each other is natural.正：正：That they should like each other is natural.正：正：It is natural that they should like each other.
10、2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但引导，但是如果用是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用句末时，也可以用if引导引导.误：误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful.正：正：It was doubtful if Mary really heard him.4) . 用于用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中句型中, 主语从句应使用虚拟语气主语从句应使用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用谓语动
11、词用“should + 动动词原形词原形”的形式的形式, should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。5) 在在It + be+suggested/advised/ordered/requested/ insisted/required 中中, that从句的谓语也应该用从句的谓语也应该用“should + 动词原形动词原形”的形式的形式, should有时可以省略。有时可以省略。(1)主语从句中用陈述语序主语从句中用陈述语序What she is afraid of is their taking her to Paris. ( What is she afraid of Wrong )(2)主
12、语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数主语从句后谓语动词用第三人称单数That they havent phoned is strange.(3)that引导的主语从句中，引导的主语从句中，that不可被省略不可被省略That price will go up is certain. It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调
13、部分指人是也可。被强调部分指人是也可用用who/whom。例如：。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window. 7. what 与与that 在引导主语从句时的在引导主语从句时的区别区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主
14、语宾语表语，而句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则则不然。例如：不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation. What在此引导主语从句,又做said的宾语That 只起连接作用,不做成分1.Where shall we spend the holiday isnt decided.2.You have made a mistake is a fact.3.That is certain that we can win.4.No matter who leave
15、s the room last ought to turn off the lights.5.It is important that a student learns a foreign language.we shallThat you haveIt isWhoevershould learn改错练习改错练习Describe your mother with your partner.Suggested structures:What my mother likes is_.What my mother doesnt like is _Whether my mother would fel
16、l happy is _Why my mother would be happy is _Why my mother feels upsad is_1. I read about it in some book or other, does it matter _ it was? （01北京春季北京春季) Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich2. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. （04上海）上海） A. where B.
17、 what C. that D. how 3. Fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect. (00上海）上海）A. What B. That C. This D. Which（D）(B)(B） 1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games
18、will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever 6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.7.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning
19、 grey. 8. The Foreign Minister said, “_ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. ItthatItwhat1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A
20、. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom 2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how 3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universities. A. What; becau
21、se B. What ; thatC. That ; what D. That ; because4. _ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where5. _ that they can pass the written exam this time. A. That is hoped B. It is hoped C. It hopes D. That hopes 5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lig
22、hts. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. ItCD 7. _ in the newspaper that the price of food will go up. A. It says B. It is said C. It has said D. He is said8. It worried her a bit _her hair
23、was turning grey. A. while B. that C. if D. forBB 9. There is no doubt _. A. that Mr. Hansen is in good health B. whether is Mr. Hansen healthy C. if Mr. Hansens health was returning D. whether Mr. Hansen in healthA 10. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” A. This is B. There is C. That is D. It is D 11. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will masterB
