1、Presented by: Yang Y19 Jun 2012BiosafetyConcept:Biological safety is to prevent occupational acquired infections as well as the release of pathogens into the environment.Biosafety is the prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on ecology and human health.Biological & Bi
2、osecurityBiosafety is related to several fields In ecology In agriculture In medicine In chemistry In exobiologyPrecautionary principle Biosafety require application of the precautionary principle in order to prevent the accidental release of potentially destructive biological material.Biosafety lev
3、el A biosafety level is the level of the biocontainment precautions required to isolate dangerous biological agents in an enclosed facility. Biocontainment can be classified by the relative danger to the surrounding environment as biological safety levels (BSL). The levels of containment range from
4、the lowest biosafety level 1 (BSL-1) to the highest at level 4 (BSL-4).Biosafety level 1 This level is suitable for work involving well-characterized agents not known to consistently cause disease in healthy adult humans, and of minimal potential hazard to laboratory personnel and the environment. S
5、uch as canine hepatitis, non-pathogenic Escherichia coli, as well as some cell cultures and non-infectious bacteria.Biosafety level 2 This level is similar to Biosafety Level 1 and is suitable for work involving agents of moderate potential hazard to personnel and the environment. It includes variou
6、s bacteria and viruses that cause only mild disease to humans, or are difficult to contract via aerosol in a lab setting. Such as C. difficile, most Chlamydiae, hepatitis A, B, and C, influenza A, Lyme disease, Salmonella, mumps, measles, HIV, scrapie, MRSA, and VRSA.Biosafety level 3 This level is
7、applicable to clinical, diagnostic, teaching, research, or production facilities in which work is done with indigenous or exotic agents which may cause serious or potentially lethal disease after inhalation. It includes various bacteria, parasites and viruses that can cause severe to fatal disease i
8、n humans but for which treatments exist. Such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, SARS coronavirus, Salmonella typhi, and yellow fever virus.Biosafety level 4 This level is required for work with dangerous and exotic agents that pose a high individual risk of aerosol-transmitted labor
9、atory infections, agents which cause severe to fatal disease in humans for which vaccines or other treatments are not available. Such as Ebola virus, Lassa feverBSL-2 differs from BSL-1 in thatLaboratory personnel have specific training in handling pathogenic;Access to the laboratory is limited when
10、 work is being conducted;Extreme precautions are taken with contaminated sharp items; Certain procedures in which infectious aerosols or splashes may be created are conducted in biological safety cabinets or other physical containment equipment.Aerosol An aerosol is a colloid suspension of fine soli
11、d particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Such as smog and smokeAerosols in the Laboratory bottles and flasks; blenders and vortexers; centrifuges; homogenizers; needles and syringes; pipettes; pressurized vessels; rubber stoppers; shakers; sonicators; vacuum and aspirating equipmentBiosafety cabinet
12、 A biosafety cabinet (BSC) is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.Purposes of Biosafety cabinet The primary purpose of a BSC is to serve as the primary means to protect the laboratory worker an
13、d the surrounding environment from pathogens. All exhaust air is HEPA-filtered as it exits the biosafety cabinet, removing harmful bacteria and viruses.Classes of Biosafety cabinetClass II, Type A1, A2, B1, B2 CabinetAir flow in Class II, Type A2Correct Use of Biosafety Cabinets Start Up Turn off ul
14、traviolet light (if so equipped) as soon as you enter the room. Turn on all blowers and BSC illumination lights. Allow five minutes of operation to purge system; check flow alarm system audio and visual alarm function (if so equipped). Decontaminate readily accessible interior surfaces and items wit
15、h a disinfectant (appropriate for the agents or suspected agents present) before loading and wait at least 10 minutes prior to start of work.Correct Use of Biosafety Cabinets During Use Load supplies prior to work. Do not overload cabinet. Separate clean and dirty side. Work in center of work area.
16、Do not block front or rear grills. Minimize disruption of airflow (turbulence). Clean up spill promptly. Discard waste within the cabinet. Correct Use of Biosafety Cabinets Shut Down Decontaminate and remove all items from interior work area. Decontaminate readily accessible interior surfaces with a
17、 disinfectant appropriate for the agents or suspected agents present. Turn on ultraviolet light (if so equipped). Allow five minutes of operation to purge system. Then wait at least 10 minutes. Never turn off BSC blower. DO NOT open flames Fire hazard Can damage HEPA filter Interferes with proper ai
18、r flow Open flames react with disinfectants (flammables)Correct Use of Biosafety Cabinets Open Flames Avoid use of glass blender jars, unless covered with polypropylene jar Place disinfectant-moistened towel over the top of the blender during use Before opening the blender jar, allow the unit to res
19、t at least 1 minute for aerosols to settle and then open in a BSC Decontaminate promptly after useSafe Use of Blenders Use careful pipetting practices Avoid drops onto hard surfaces Wipe up spills promptly with appropriate disinfectant For ejection of liquid from micropipette No blowout No pressure
20、ejection Use wall contact Use capped tubes when mixing, blending, or vortexing Pour liquids carefully Avoid bubblesMinimizing AerosolsCareful Pipetting Techniques Never blow out last drop in pipette Use pipetting aids with filters Never mix by suction and expulsion (mix by sonication) Discharge liqu
21、id down side of container, using tip-to-wall contact Deliver as as possible to contents Work over plastic-backed absorbent matting (ensure it doesnt slide forward or backward blocking air grill)Use Extreme Care with Sharps Use sharps if only absolutely required as part of a process Percutaneous expo
22、sure risk Employ safe work practices Utilize safe sharp devices Aerosol exposure risk Use biosafety cabinet for removal of air from needle Use mechanical methods for needle removal Never bend, recap or manipulate sharps by hand Keep hands away from needleBiological Waste Disposal Puncture-proof, leak-proof, sealable receptacles Avoid over-filling Dispose properly
