1、Present Perfect Tense 用来表示现在之前已发生或完成用来表示现在之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联其结果和现在有联系系。动作或状态发生在过去。动作或状态发生在过去, ,但但 影响影响到现在到现在或将来；也可表示或将来；也可表示持续到现持续到现在的动作或状态在的动作或状态。构成构成: : have / has + 过去分词过去分词现在完成时现在完成时 Present Perfect Tensehas / have + past participle I have been to Japan.We have known each other .He h
2、as found his book. work visit ask play stay worked visited asked played stayedliked lived movedlike live movecarried worried tried criedcarry worry try crystop drop rob plan prefer stop dropped robbed planned preferredcost cut hit hurt set put shut readbring buy think teach catchbrought bought thoug
3、ht taught caughtbrought bought thought taught caughtfeel leavetellsellsay lay felt lefttoldsoldsaid laidfelt lefttoldsoldsaid laidbegin fall flyforget take wearwritecome become runcame became rancome become runbegan fell flewforgot took worewrotebegun fallenflownforgotten taken wornwrittenForms of t
4、he present perfect Statement ： have / has + p.p. Negative ： have / has not + p.p.Question: Have / Has + sub. + p.p .? -Have you seen the film? - Yes, I . - No, I . e.g. I have finished my homework. 否定句：否定句： I my homework. 一般疑问句：一般疑问句： you homework? 肯定回答：肯定回答： Yes, I . 否定回答：否定回答： No, I . havent finis
5、hed Have finished your havehaventhavehavent 肯定：肯定： She has seen the film. 否定：否定： She hasnt (has not) seen the film. 疑问：疑问： - she the film? -Yes, she . -No, she . e.g. She has finished her homework.否定句：否定句： She her homework.一般疑问句：一般疑问句： she her homework?肯定回答：肯定回答： Yes, she .否定回答：否定回答： No, she .has ha
6、snthasnt finishedHas finishedhashasntHas seen Time yesterday He hurt his finger yesterday.He has hurt his finger.Simple PastPresent Perfect Time?hurthurtTime this morning He found his cat this morning.He has found his cat.Simple PastPresent PerfectTime?findfindthe thief / take away my money (last ni
7、ght ) (taketaken)he / catch a big fish(this morning) (catchcaught)mother / wash dishes(at 6:00) ( wash-washed )Time Simple PastPresent PerfectTimeyesterday / last week / in 1976 / just now / when I came in / two days ago never / ever / yet / already / before / just / lately / so far / recently / the
8、se days/ since two day ago1. already( 已经）已经） (not) yet (还没有还没有） yet? (已经已经吗？）；吗？）； 2. never (从不）从不）, ever （曾经）（曾经）3. just（刚刚）（刚刚） before (从前，以前）从前，以前）4. recently / lately（近来（近来/最近）最近）, in the last/past few ( days / weeks / months/ years) 在最近的几在最近的几5. these days/ weeks/ months （这些（这些来）来）6. so far= up
9、 to now（迄今为止，到目前为止）（迄今为止，到目前为止）7. for + 一段时间一段时间8. since+ 过去的时间过去的时间 ( 自从自从到现在）到现在） She has already come . I have met him before . So far, no man has traveled farther than the moon . I havent finished my work yet . He has just had dinner . Have you ever been to Paris ? “already” 和和 “(not) yet” 在疑问句中
10、、否定句中在疑问句中、否定句中“ already ”必须换成必须换成 “yet ”。 e.g. 肯定句：肯定句：He has finished his homework. 疑问句：疑问句：Has he finished his homework ? 否定句：否定句：He hasnt finished his homework ? 或：或： He hasnt finished his homework. “have/has just + done sth” 和和 “ did sth + just now” -The students just (take) the Mid-term exams.
11、 -I (meet) a friend on the street just now.alreadyyetyetyet“ already or yet”?havemettakenA: _ you _ the film Harry Potter?B: Yes, I _. It is very interesting.A: When _ you _ it?B: I _ it six years ago ( in 2000).A: Where _ you _ it？B: I _ it at the Nanguo Cinema.HaveseenhavedidseesawdidseesawPractic
12、e（操练）（操练）: 现在完成时（现在完成时（1）1. We already (buy) a lot of things.2. you ever (be) to the Great Wall?3.They (not, see)the film yet.4.He just (finish) his homework.5. I never (hear)such a wonderful story before.6. Recently I (read) a new book.7. you (win)any races in the past few years.8.Shanghai (develop
13、)fast in the last few years.9. The students (learn)over two units so far.have boughthave heardhave readHave won has developedhave learntHave beenhas finishedhavent seenbuybeseefinishhearreadwindeveloplearnboughtbeenseenfinished heardreadwondevelopedlearnt since / for since 说明动作的说明动作的起始时间起始时间，它和表示过它和
14、表示过去某一时刻的词或词组连用如：去某一时刻的词或词组连用如： since two years ago;since he came to China for 说明动作说明动作延续的时间长度。延续的时间长度。它和表它和表示一段时间的词连示一段时间的词连 用。用。for two years I have lived here for twenty years.My aunt has worked there since 1949.在过去某时候开始的并持续到现在的动作或状态。在过去某时候开始的并持续到现在的动作或状态。 for + 一段时间一段时间; .since + 过去过去时间点时间点/ 过去时
15、过去时动词动词; How long have you.?1. Diana (be) in Shanghai for three days.2. I (not, see) you for a long time.3. I (study) English for six years.4. Great changes (take) place in Shanghai since 1983.5.Harry Potter (live) in a very small room since his parents died.6.-How long you (work) here? -I here for
16、an hour.has beenhavent seenhave studiedhave takenhas livedhave worked have workedSince 的用法的用法 a. since + 过去一个过去一个时间点时间点(如具体如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month / half past six)。I have been here since 1989.b. since + + 一段时间一段时间 + + agoagoI have been here since two days ago.c. since + +从句从句 Great
17、 changes have taken place since you left. She has changed a lot since we got here. d. It is + 一段时间一段时间 + since 从句从句 It is two years since I became a graduate .It is = It has beena. since + + 过去一个过去一个时间点时间点b. since + + 一段时间一段时间 + + agoagoc. since + +从句从句d. It is + 一段时间一段时间 + since 从句从句I have been her
18、e since 1989.=I have been here since 17 years ago.=It is 17 years since I came here . =I have been here for 17 years.It is two years since I became a graduate.= I have been a graduate for two years .= I have been a graduate since two years ago . = I have been a graduate since 2004. have/has gone to
19、(Beijing) have/has been to (Beijing) have/has been in (Beijing) have/has gone to. “（某人）（某人）正在前往正在前往 （某地）（某地）的途中的途中” 或或“刚刚刚刚 到达到达某地某地”， 所以，所以， 他他/她现在她现在 “不在说话现场不在说话现场”, 或或“ 还没还没有回来有回来”，你在教室里寻找，你在教室里寻找 Bob，但，但 Bob 不在，不在，你就问你就问 Jack ： -(You): Where is Bob, Jack? -(Jack):Oh, he the school library. （在途中或
20、刚到达）（在途中或刚到达） （曾去过但已返回）（曾去过但已返回）（去了并留在那里）（去了并留在那里）has gone tohave/has been to. （某人）（某人）曾经去曾经去/到过到过 （某地），（某地）， 但但现在已经现在已经返回返回(=is back now)说话地。说话地。 （半小时后，（半小时后，Bob 在图书馆借好了杂志回到在图书馆借好了杂志回到教室，你看到手里拿着新杂志的刚回来教室，你看到手里拿着新杂志的刚回来 Bob，你问你问 Bob： ） (You):-Where you , Bob? (Bob):-Oh, I the school library. have be
21、enhave been tohave/has been in (Beijing) Linda 两星期前去两星期前去了北京旅游，了北京旅游，到今天还没有到今天还没有回来回来，所以，所以 “她在北京她在北京已经呆了已经呆了两周了。两周了。”，我们说：我们说： Linda Beijing for two weeks. Or: Linda Beijing since two weeks ago. has been/stayed in has been/stayed in用用been/gone to 填空：填空： 1 Where is Betty? She _Japan. 2 Miss Zhao _to
22、 Beijing. So she is not here. She _there several times. 3 Our monitor _the library. He will be back in five minutes. 4 Where _you _? We _Happy Valley. has gone tohas gonehas been has gone to have beenhave been to“瞬间动词瞬间动词(也叫也叫短暂动词短暂动词)” 和和 “延续性动词延续性动词”1、 瞬间动词：瞬间动词： 从从“开始开始发生发生”到到 “结束结束/终止终止”： 几乎同时几乎
23、同时或在或在极短的时间里极短的时间里（如（如几秒钟几秒钟/几分钟内几分钟内）就）就完成了完成了“开始开始结束结束”的过程，如的过程，如 “Close the door”, “Open the door” 有些瞬间动词的有些瞬间动词的“开始开始结束的过程结束的过程” 可能稍微长一些可能稍微长一些，但也不会很长的，如但也不会很长的，如, “buy sth（买下）（买下）”：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。：付了款、拿了发票即完成了。 所以，所以， “我买了这块手表我买了这块手表5年了年了”，在汉语中说的通在汉语中说的通，但，但英语的表达就不能说：英语的表达就不能说： I have bought the
24、watch for five years. buy sth - have sth (拥有拥有)-have/has + had sth for A: I have had the watch for 5 years. B: It is (has been) five years since I bought the watch. C: I bought it 5 years ago. “瞬间动词瞬间动词(也叫也叫短暂动词短暂动词)” 和和 “延续性动词延续性动词” 同理，同理， “borrow sth” “借书借书”在办理了相关的在办理了相关的登登记记手续后就手续后就结束了，不可能结束了，不可能
25、“借借” 几个星期几个星期 或好几年的！或好几年的！ 汉语汉语“这本书我已经借用了这本书我已经借用了2星期了。星期了。” 的意思是：的意思是： “我两周前我两周前 （borrowed it），（在归还前）现在它），（在归还前）现在它还在我手里（还在我手里（I still have it or Im still reading it.） Right or Wrong? A: I have borrowed the book for two weeks. B: I have had / kept it for two weeks. C: Its 2 weeks since I borrowed i
26、t. D: I borrowed it 2 weeks ago. (Wrong)(Right)(Right)(Right)常见的常见的 “瞬间瞬间”动词“延续性延续性”动词动词 “ be +adj. ” 状态短语状态短语 瞬间动词瞬间动词“延续性延续性”动词或动词或“ be+adj. ”状态短语状态短语begin/start be on die be deadarrive/get /reachstay / be in/at / be here/thereput on wearjoin be in / be a member of open / closebe open / be closedb
27、orrowkeepleavebe away (from )catch (a cold) have (a cold)borrow-join-arrivegetreach-leave buy open die-close get up keepbe inbe in/ at / staybe up be awayhavebe openbe deadbe closedPractice: 瞬间瞬间动词和动词和延续性延续性动词、状态句型转化练习动词、状态句型转化练习（1）：1、你来晚了，电影已放了、你来晚了，电影已放了10分钟了。分钟了。A: You are late. The film for 10 m
28、inutes.B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film .C: You are late. The film 10 minutes .2、我叔叔当兵已经有、我叔叔当兵已经有2年了。年了。A: My uncle the army for 2 years.B: It 2 years my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle the army 2 years ago.3、Linda 已经感冒已经感冒4、5天了。天了。A: Linda a cold 4 to 5 days.B: It 4 to 5 days sinc
29、e Linda a coldC: Linda a cold 4 or 5 days .has been onisbegan/startedbegan/startedhas been inissincejoinedhas hadforiscaughtcaughtagoagoPractice: 瞬间瞬间动词和动词和延续性延续性动词、状态句型转化练习动词、状态句型转化练习 （2）：4、他爷爷去世已经有、他爷爷去世已经有5年了年了。A: His grandpa for 5 years.B: It 5 years since his grandpa .C: His grandpa 5 years .5、
30、你来晚了，火车已经开走了、你来晚了，火车已经开走了20分种了。分种了。A: Youre late. The train for 20 minutes.B: It 20 minutes since the train .C: The train 20 minutes .6、他们到深圳已经有、他们到深圳已经有3年多了。年多了。A: They Shenzhen for over 3 years. B: It over 3 years since they Shenzhen.C: They Shenzhen over 3 years .has been deadis died died ago has been away isleftleft ago have been/stayed at isarrived atgot to/ reachedarrived atgot to/ reachedago
