1、表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或者表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。结果。 They have left. -他们已经离开了他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里也就是说现在他们人不在这里 I have had my lunch. -我已经吃过午饭了我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿也就是说我现在不饿现在现在完成完成时的含义时的含义也可表示也可表示持续到现在持续到现在的动作或状态。的动作或状态。 He has learned English since 2001. -从从2001年开始学的年开始学的,现在还在继续学着呢现在还在继续学着呢现在现在完
2、成完成时的构成时的构成 have done has助动词助动词过去过去分词分词现在完成时的基本句型：现在完成时的基本句型：肯定句：肯定句：主语 + 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词. 否定句否定句: 主语 + 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词. 一般疑问句：疑问句：助动词Have/Has + 主语 + 动词的过去分词? 例句：她们已经工作了例句：她们已经工作了 。 肯定句：肯定句： They have worked. 否定句：否定句： They have not worked. 一般疑问句：一般疑问句：Have they worked? 肯定回答：肯定回答： Y
3、es, they have. 否定回答：否定回答： No, they havent.现在完成时的运用：现在完成时的运用：1现在完成时常和副词already, yet, never, ever ,before ,just等连用。.a）already （用在助动词用在助动词have/has和动词过去分和动词过去分词之间词之间）往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强）往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强 调调或加强语气；或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。用于否定句和疑问句。 He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。 Has he already left here? 他
4、（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气） My teachers havent had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。 Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？2. yet在现在完成时中的用法在现在完成时中的用法 否定句否定句:句末句末 “还还(没没)”疑问句疑问句: 句末句末 “己经己经” eg: I havent had breakfast yet.eg: Have you had breakfast yet?b） never 是否定词，表示是否定词，表示“从来没有（从来没有（用在助动用在助动词词hav
5、e/has和动词过去分词之间和动词过去分词之间）”，而，而ever 表表示示“曾经曾经” We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。 Have you ever been to Canada? 你们曾经去过加拿大吗？ c） just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never 等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间） He has just come back. 他刚刚回来。 They have just finished
6、 the work. 他们刚刚完成那项工作。动动 词词 填填 空：空： 1._ you _(clean) the room?1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we _(do) that Yes, we _(do) that alreadyalready. . When _ you _(do) it? When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it We _(do) it an hour agoan hour ago. .2._ he _(see) this film 2._ he _(see) this film yetyet? Yes.? Ye
7、s. When _ he _(see) it? When _ he _(see) it? He _ it He _ it last weeklast week. . 3. How many times _you_(be) there? 3. How many times _you_(be) there? HaveHavecleanedcleanedhave donehave donediddiddododiddidHasHasseenseendiddidseeseesawsawhavehavebeenbeen4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interest
8、ing.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air. She _(go) there by air.6. 6. So farSo far, many countries _(develop) , many countries _(develop) their
9、 software programs. their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking 7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last yearlast year. .8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking 8.Mr Chen _(give) up smoking since last yearsince last year. .have readhave readhas gonehas gonediddidgogowentwenthave developedhave developedgavegave
10、has givenhas givenI I have learnthave learnt English for more than English for more than ten years. ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)She has swum since half an hour ago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,
11、, 持续到持续到现在的动作或状现在的动作或状态态. .常与常与since + since + 过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for + for + 一段时一段时间，间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1.for +Eg. I have been here for 5 weeks. Hes studied English for 3 years.一段时间一段时间2. since +从句(一般过去时) 单词 词组 (表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg. I have been here since 2000. I have been here since 5 years
12、 ago. I have been here since I graduated in 2000.since: (自自以来以来)1)since+时间点时间点He has stayed here since 5 oclock.2)since+ 时间段时间段+ agoHe has stayed here since 5 hours ago.3)since+ 从句从句She has taught English since he came here. for: (长达）长达）for+ 时间段时间段He has kept the book for 2 weeks.since , for 的用法的用法:
13、 Take notes 注1): 对for或since引导的时间状语提问 必须用how long, 决不能用when.Eg. I have lived here for 10 years.How long have you lived here?She has stood here since 2 hour ago.How long has she stood here?选用选用 forfor和和 sincesince填空填空: :1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.1.We havent seen each other _ a long tim
14、e.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years 2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to 4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.China.5.His grandparents have been dead
15、_ several 5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.years.6. Its five years _ we met last time.6. Its five years _ we met last time.forforsincesinceforforsincesinceforforsincesince3.3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的未有过的经历经历. .I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace? to the Summer
16、 Palace?(我曾去过颐和园我曾去过颐和园) I I havehave never never had had a car.a car. (我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。)He has gone to Shanghai.他他(已经已经)去上海了。去上海了。He has been to Shanghai.他他(曾经曾经) 去过上海。去过上海。比较比较 have/has been to 曾经到过某处曾经到过某处 have/has gone to 已经去了某地已经去了某地have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表，表
17、示示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已经已经去了去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时间呆在某处一段时间了了”1. HasHas she ever she ever beenbeen toto Nanjing? Nanjing?她曾去过南京吗？她曾去过南京吗？2. I I havehave beenbeen inin Dali for three years. Dali for three years.
18、你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？你以前从未去过那儿，是吗？3. I I have been tohave been to Guiling ,I went there Guiling ,I went there last year. last year.我去过桂林，我去年去的。我去过桂林，我去年去的。4. She She has gone tohas gone to Nanjing. Nanjing. 她已经去南京了。她已经去南京了。用用have been to, have gone to, have been in 填空填空Mike and his parents _ Beijing for Mik
19、e and his parents _ Beijing for half a year.half a year.Mum is not at home now. she _ the Mum is not at home now. she _ the shop.shop._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never._ you ever _ to kunming ? Never.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet? Yes, he _ h
20、ere for several days. Yes, he _ here for several days.Where is Peter? I dont know where he Where is Peter? I dont know where he _._.Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? Hi Jim! Where _ you _ ? have been inhas gone tohave beenHave beenhas been has gonehave been短暂性动词与延续动词间的转换leave-come/go (to) -arrive (at/in)- get
21、 (to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become- be away (from) be (in/at) be (in/at) be (in/at)be (in/at)havekeepbe overbe in/be a/anbe onbe deadbe closedbe openbe backbe married be 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习： 1. 1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。 2. 2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。 I I have bo
22、ughthave bought this watch for five year this watch for five year I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five five years/years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago. The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years. for ten years. The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for
23、ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。 4. 4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。 5. 5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。 He He has come backhas come back for 3 days. for 3 days. He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/ 3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago. . He He has
24、 come herehas come here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock. since 6 oclock. I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years. hometown for 10 years. I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years. years.WWW 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较现在完成
25、时与一般过去时的比较 1）一般过去时一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作事情，强调动作； 现在完成时现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）知道了。）一般过去时一般过去时: yesterday, last week，ago, in1990, in October, just now现在完成时现在完成时: for, since, already, yet, ever , never, just, so far, in the past few years标志词标志词（1）规则动词）规则动词 + ed（2）不规则动词不规则动词见见 课本课本137-138页页have/ has + 动词的动词的过去分词过去分词 规则动词规则动词 + ed （2）不规则动词不规则动词见见 课本课本137-138页页（3） 短暂性动词短暂性动词转转 换为换为延续性动词延续性动词动词的动词的过去式过去式动动词词的的形形式式变变化化
