1、WelcomeUnit 8 Brave it OutGrammar句子的种类Categories of Sentences1. 陈述句(Declarative Sentences)? 用来说明事实或说话人的看法。I go to school by bike every day. 我每天骑自行车上学。They are having an English class now.他们现在正在上英语课。She doesnt like playing basketball. 她不喜欢打篮球。陈述句的否定形式：1)凡陈述句中的谓语部分有助动词be, have/has 或情态动词can, may, must,
2、 will, shall等等时，其否定式只需在它们后面加not即可。如：Tom can speak English. (肯定句) 汤姆会讲英语。Tom can not speak English. (否定句) 汤姆不会讲英语。2) 如果陈述句中的谓语动词只是行为动词, 而没有助动词或情态动词时，其否定式要在行为动词前加do not或第三人称单数加does not；动词是过去时，在动词前加did not；后面的谓语动词用动词原形。如：They went to school by bike yesterday. (肯定句) 他们昨天骑车上学。They did not go to school by
3、 bike yesterday. (否定句) 他们昨天没骑车上学。She studies very hard.(肯定句) 她非常努力学习。She does not study very hard.(否定句) 她学习不很努力。下列句子改为否定句：?1.He does some reading every day. ?He_ _ _ reading every day. ?2.I have to wash the dishes.?I _ _ _wash the dishes.?3.Tell him the news.?_ _ him the news. ?4.She has brothers an
4、d sisters.?She _ _ brothers _ sisters.?5.I think she is right. ?I _ _she _ right.doesnt do anydont have toDont telldoesnt have ordont think is2. 疑问句疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)?有四种形式：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。句和反意疑问句。Does she like music?（一般疑问句） 她喜欢音乐吗？How much is the T-shirt?（特殊疑问句） 这件T-恤衫多少钱？You are
5、in Class 2, arent you?（反意疑问句） 你在二班，不是吗？Is your pen friend a boy or a girl? （选择疑问句）你的笔友是男孩还是女孩？?以情态动词、助动词或系动词be开头的疑问句。一般疑问句需以Yes或No回答。如：-Does she like music?她喜欢音乐吗？-Yes, she does.是的，她喜欢。-Is there a map on the wall?墙上有地图吗？-No, there isnt. 不，没有。1）一般疑问句）一般疑问句(General Questions)：?-Did you go to school ye
6、sterday?你昨天上学了吗？-Yes, I did.是的，我去了。一般疑问句的答语有时可用Certainly, Of course, Sure等回答, 如：-May I use your pen? 我可以用你的钢笔吗？-Certainly. 当然可以。下列句子改为一般疑问句：?1.There is some fruit juice in the glass.?_ _ _ fruit juice in the glass?2.He has to stay here.?_ he _ to stay there? ?3. We do eye exercises every day. ?_ you
7、 _ eye exercises every day? ?4. She has something to eat. ?_ she _ _ to eat? ?5.I am good at singing and dancing. ?_ you good at singing _ dancing? Is there anyDoes haveDo doDoes have anythingAre or2) 特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(Special Questions)?是以疑问词开始的疑问句。常用的疑问词有：who/ whom (谁), whose (谁的), what (什么), which (哪个，那
8、些), when/ what time (什么时间), where (什么地方), why (为什么), how (如何), How many/much (多少)等等。等等。特殊疑问句由“ 疑问词加一般疑问句 ”构成。对主语提问时，语序与陈述句相同。特殊疑问句要根据问句的内容如实回答，不再用yes或no。如：-Who is the man over there?那边那个人是谁？-He is our English teacher. 他是我们英语老师。-Why are you late for school today? 你今天为什么上学迟到？-I miss the early bus. 我没赶
9、上早班公交车。-Whose coat is this?这是谁的外衣？-Its Toms. 这是汤姆的对划线部分提问?1.My mother goes to work by bike.?_ _ your mother _ to work? ?2.That is a map of France. ?_ map is that? ?3. I think Chinese food is very nice.?_ do you _ _ Chinese food? ?4.The students like their teacher very much.?_ do the students_ their
10、teacher?5.His uncle is a businessman. ?_ _ his uncle _? How does goWhatHow think ofHow likeWhat does do?6.Its Sunday today.?_ _ is it today ? ?7.There are sixkites in the sky. ?_ _ _ _ _ in the sky? ?8.He lives in Room 306. ?_ _ _ he _ in? ?9.She looks worried because she cant find her dog. ?_ _ she
11、 _ worried? ?10.It takes him half an hourto write the e-mail. ?_ _ _ it _ him to write the e-mail?What dayHow many kites are thereWhich room does liveWhy does lookHow long does take3）选择疑问句）选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)?提出两种或多种情况，要求对方选择一种。 结构是“ 一般疑问句+ or +省略的一般疑问句”，或用疑问词which, whose等提问。回答时须选择其中一种情况回答，
12、不能用yes或no回答。如：-Is this a basketball or a football? 这是篮球还是足球？-Its a basketball. 这是篮球。-Which is your bag, the blue one or the yellow one? 哪个是你的书包，蓝的还是黄的？-The blue one. 蓝色的。将下列句子翻译成英语?你喜欢踢足球还是打篮球？?你准备乘火车还是乘汽车？?你想要什么。咖啡还是茶？?你有几只笔，一支还是两支？?Do you like playing football or basketball?Will you go there by bu
13、s or by train?What would you like, coffee or tea?How many pens do you have, one or two?4）反意疑问句）反意疑问句(Disjunctive Questions)?表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对方来证实。反意疑问句由两部分的构成 ：前一部分是对事物的陈述，后一部分是省略型的简单问句。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分要用否定式；前一部分用否定式，后一部分要用肯定式。两部分的人称和时态要一致。 即即“前肯后否，前否后肯。前肯后否，前否后肯。”对反意疑问句的回答：不管问题的提法如何，事实是肯定的，要用yes，
14、事实是否定的，要用no。这和汉语不一样，要特别注意。-You are from Australia, arent you?你来自澳大利亚，不是吗？-No, Im not. Im from Canada. 不，不是。我来自加拿大。-She didnt visit her aunt yesterday, did she? 她昨天没去看她的阿姨，是吗？-Yes, she did. 不，她去了。反义疑问句练习?1. He has a lot of work to do, _ _?2.Uncle Wang forgot to bring your bag, _ _?3. Its fine today,
15、_ _?4. Tom wants to get his TV set back, _ _?5. Jack didnt watch TV last night, _ _?6. Open the windows, _ _?7. Miss Green is going to work in London, _ _?8. Lucy had a party last Sunday, _ _?doesnt/hasnt hedidntheisnt itdoesnt hedid hewill/wont youisnt shedidnt she3. 祈使句(Imperative Sentences)?用来表示命
16、令、劝告等。说话的对象是第二人称, “you”常被省略。句末用句号或叹号。1) 祈使句的开头用动词原形，如：Sit down, please.请坐。Close the door, please.请关门。2) 祈使句的否定式在句首用Dont，有时用Never , 如：Dont put the flowers on the table, please. 别把花儿放在桌子上。Never do it again.再不要这么做了。祈使句练习?1. Its an important meeting. _ _(not, be) late.?2. _ _ (not, make) any noise! Your
17、 mother is sleeping.?3. _ _(not, speak) with your mouth full of food and _ (be) polite.?4. _ _ (not, talk) and _(read) aloud.?5. _(look) out! A car is coming.Dont beDont makeDont speakbeDont talk readLook 4. 感叹句感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences? 多用how 或what引起，来表达强烈的感情。1) “How + 形容词或副词 + 主语+ 谓语！”How nice the
18、 flowers are! 这些花儿多好哇！How fast Tom is riding on his bike! 汤姆骑车多快呀！2) “What + a (an) +形容词+ 单数可数名词+ 主语+谓语！”What a big apple it is! 多么大的苹果呀！What an interesting book it is! 多么有趣的书呀！?3) “What + 形容词 + 复数名词或不可数名词+主语+谓语！”What good students they are! 他们是多好的学生啊！What bad news it is! 多么糟糕的消息呀。4) 在口语中，有时主语、谓语都省略
19、，有时只用一个词或短语，有时省略副词和形容词。 如：What a heavy bag!口袋真重！How nice!多好啊！Cool!真酷！How they work!他们真能干！感叹句练习?_ delicious the dish is!?A. What B. How C. What a?_ strange clothes he is wearing!?A. What a B. What C. How a?_ interesting subject it is!?A. What B. How C. What an?_ foggy it was yesterday!?A. What B. Wha
20、t a C. How?_ careless boy you are!?A. How B. What a C. What BBCCB编者语?要如何做到上课认真听讲？?我们都知道一个人的注意力集中时间是有限的，一节课45分钟如何保持时时刻刻都能认真听讲不走神呢？?1、往前坐?坐的位置越靠后，注意力就越难集中。老师不会注意到你的事实可以让你不再紧张，放心去做别的事情。坐在后面，视线分散，哪怕你是在看老师，如果有人移动，你的视线就会飘到那个同学的后脑勺上去，也就无法集中注意力。而且，坐在后面很难读到老师的表情。认真听讲不单纯是指听老师说的话，把握老师的表情和语调之类的小细节也是很有必要的。说话比平时更
21、用力，或者表情严肃地强调的那个部分几乎百分之百地会出现在考试中。但是如果坐在后面，那种重要的提示就全都错过了。?与此相反，如果坐在前面，首先心情就很不同，自己比别人靠前的感觉让你听课时的态度变得更积极。与老师眼神交会的机会增多，感觉就好像是老师在做一对一个人辅导。?有的学生恰恰就是因为这一点，讨厌坐在前面。和老师眼神交会非常有负担，稍微做点儿小动作就会被老师发现，非常不方便。而且坐在前面说不定还会被问到一些难以回答的问题。?但是，那却是提升成绩最快的方法。学习要带有一定程度的紧张感，坐在前面，自然而然就会紧张起来。没有必要自己费心思集中精神，那种环境就能帮助你做到。虽然看上去好像不太方便，但其
22、实那才是最便于学习的位置。?2、不要看书，要看老师的眼睛?只要老师不是在一味地读教材，那老师的“话”就不可能和你低头看着的教材上的“文字”一致。头脑聪明的学生，也许能做到既集中精神听老师的话，又集中精神看眼前书上的内容。可是实际上大部分的学生都做不到这一点。?认真听讲的第一个阶段就是上课时间无条件地“往前看”，上课的时候看书往往很容易开小差。摒除杂念，将视线从摊在眼前的书上移开。老师讲课的时候只看前面，集中注意力听老师嘴里说出来的话，那才是认真听讲的态度。?低着头，心情就放松了，但那种放松对学习一点好处也没有，之所以会放松，就是因为觉得即便是自己开小差，老师也不知道。如果你往前看，不时地和老师
23、眼神交会一下，注意力必然会集中起来。和老师眼神交汇的那种紧张感会让你注意力集中，并充实地听完整堂课。?3、课前预习?课前预习新课内容，找出不理解的地方标记下来。预习后尝试做课后练习题，不要怕出错，因为老师还没有讲，出错也是正常的。?关键是，出错了你就知道上课时应该重点听哪里，注意力自然就能集中了。?4、即便上课时不理解也不要放弃?有些同学觉得老师讲的听不懂，就干脆不再听讲，按照自己的方法去学习。其实这样做真的很傻，因为不听讲就非常容易和同学们的学习进度脱节，这就会直接导致考试时成绩下降。原因是，老师讲的内容不一定都在教材中体现，有相当一部分重点内容是老师在上课时补充讲解的，如果不听讲很可能就会错过这些重点。?所以，上课的时间一定要专注于课堂，决不能打开别的习题集去学习，这样才是高效率的学习，才是提高成绩最快的方法。因此，困难也要先听课，那对你将来的自学一定会很有帮助，哪怕你只是记住了一些经常出现的术语，上课的内容好像马上就忘光了，但等到你日后自己学习的时候，也能让你回想起很多内容。2020/3/11教学资料精选27谢谢欣赏！谢谢欣赏！2020/3/11教学资料精选28
