1、A Basic Course in Writing英语写作基础教程1Chapter oneManuscript Form and Punctuation(文稿格式和标点符号)2一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement n2. Word divisionn3. Capitalizationn4. Handwriting 3一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangementn(1). two centimeters at the topn(2). two centimeters at the bottomn(3).one and a half centim
2、eters on the leftn(4).one and a half centimeters on the right 41. Arrangement 一、Manuscript Form 5 一、Manuscript Form 1. Arrangement6一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement (title) n(5). The title or topic should be placed in the middle of the first line. n(6). Every word of the title (including words follo
3、wing hyphens in compound words) should be capitalized, except articles, preposition, coordinating conjunctions and infinitives. n(7) The first or last word of the title should be capitalized. 7一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement (title) nExamplesnMy Impressions of BeijingnThe Wall Between nWhere Do Al
4、l the New Words Come From?nWhat Traditions Mean to the ChinesenA clean, Well-Lighted PlacenDifferent Views on Jane EyrenInterpretations of Robert Frosts Fire and Ice8 Task 1 : Capitalize the following titles (p2)1.where i lived, and what i lived for2.are transgenic crops safe?3.well-known dramatists
5、 of the ming dynasty4.a day to remember5.approaches to teaching english as a foreign language6.criticisms on the ending of mark twains adventures of huckleberry finn一、Manuscript Form1. Arrangement (title) 9Answers to task 1 1.Where I Lived, and What I Lived For 2.Are Transgenic Crops Safe?3.Well-Kno
6、wn Dramatists of the Ming Dynasty4.A Day to Remember5.Approaches to Teaching English as a Foreign Language6.Criticisms on the Ending of Mark Twains Adventures of Huckleberry Finn10一、Manuscript Form n1. Arrangement n(8). The first line of every paragraph should be indented (started after a space of f
7、our or five letters)n (9). Arabic numerals are generally used for paging. They can be put either in the upper right-hand corner or in the middle below the last line of every page. 11 1. Arrangement(10) attention: Never begin with a comma(,),a period(.), a colon(:), a question mark (?), an exclamatio
8、n mark(!)Never ends with 【 “ ( -一、Manuscript Form 12n2. Word divisionn(1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节n(2). two or more syllables 双/多音节n a stressed close syllable usually takes a consonant with it dedicate n-le is treated as a syllable people na single letter cannot be put at the end or begin
9、ing of a line evoke, hearty nTwo-letter ending should not be put ar the begining of a line handed harden 一、Manuscript Form 13n2. Word divisionn(1). one syllable cannot be divided 单音节n(2). two or more syllables 双/多音节ndivisions that may mislead the readers should be avoided layman words nwith hyphens
10、should be divided only at phens broken -hearted two -syllable words with double consonant in the middle are as rule divided between the two consonants struggle ndivisons of proper names should be avoided. Paris一、Manuscript Form 143. Capitalization (1). proper names (2). key words in titles (3). the
11、first words of sentences一、Manuscript Form 154. Handwriting (1) little space (about one letter) after a comma, and a slightly bigger space (about two letters) after a full stop. (2) draw a think line through a word to cross out it.(3) write an added word above with a clear sign showing where it is to
12、 be inserted. 一、Manuscript Form 16二、 Punctuation nThe comma (,)nThe period (.)nThe dash / hyphen (-)nThe semicolon (;)nThe colon (:)nThe question mark (?)nThe exclamation mark (!)nQuotation mark (“”)nParentheses/brackets ()nSquare brackets(【】)17 (1). A comma is used to join clauses. It is put before
13、 the conjunction (and,but, or, for, so, nor, yet )(2). A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase.(3). Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.1. The Comma (,)二、 Punctuation 18 (4). Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are Set off by com
14、mas.(5). Commas set off parenthetical elements.(6). In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the order is month-day-year, no comma need be used If the order is day-month-year.(7). Numbers 1,253,900 53,807,214二、 Punctuation 1. The Comma (,)192. The Period (.) (1). used at the end
15、 of a declarative sentence, a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question(2). Abbreviations U.S.A. a.m.(3). Three spaced periods make the ellipsis mark二、 Punctuation 203. The Dash / Hyphen (-) (1). indicates a break in thought or a change in tone, or a speakers confusion or hesitatione.g. M
16、any people went there - did you go? (2). indicates an unfinished or interrupted statemente.g. He is making preparations for - For going abroad? 二、 Punctuation 213. The Dash / Hyphen (-) (3). a pair of dashes set off a parenthetical elemente.g. All his belongings - a few articles of clothing and a fe
17、w books - are here. (4). introduce a summarizing clause after a series of nounse.g. Bob, Lily, Judy - none of them know where he is.(5) used like quotation marks in a dialogue.(6) introduce subheading and authors after quotation二、 Punctuation 22Task 2: punctuate the following passages. (P6) 1. most
18、american people are fond of cats and or dogs it is said that every year they spend about $5.4billion on their pets including $1.5 billion on pet food four times the amount of money they spend on baby food now there are about 100 million dogs and cats in the country the number is still going up rapid
19、ly since 12 500 puppies are born every hour二、 Punctuation 23 1.Most American people are fond of cats and/ or dogs. It is said that every year they spend about $5.4billion on their pets, including $1.5 billion on pet food -four times the amount of money they spend on baby food. Now there are about 10
20、0 million dogs and cats in the country; the number is still going up rapidly since 12 500 puppies are born every hour.Answers to task 2244. The Semicolon (;) (1). between two coordinate clauses which are not linked by a conjunction. (2). conjunctive adverbs(3). used with conjunctions when the clause
21、s contain internal punctuation.e.g. He wrote a few good books when he was young and poor; but after he became famous and rich, he wrote nothing wroth reading. 二、 Punctuation 254. The Semicolon (;) (4). separate a series of items with internal commase.g. Among those who joined the discussion were Mis
22、s Wu, a well-known writer; Mr. Li, editor of the literary supplement of the local newspaper; Dr. Qian, a professor of literary criticism; and Ms. Sun, a famous historian. 二、 Punctuation 265. The Colon (:) (1). introduce a quotation or a statement(2) introduce an explanation, a summary or an appositi
23、ve(3) used between hour and the minute to show the time8:30 二、 Punctuation 27 2. its 745 on tuesday morning and 26 year old steve clerkson is going to work he puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone paper and laptop as he leaves the house he turns on his mp3 player and put on his headphones h
24、e is ready to go二、 Punctuation Task 2: punctuate the following passages. (P6)28 2. Its 7:45 on Tuesday morning and 26-year-old Steve Clerkson is going to work. He puts on his jacket and picks up his cell phone, paper, and laptop. As he leaves the house, he turns on his MP3 player and put on his head
25、phones. He is ready to go.Answers to task 2296. The Question Mark (?) (1). used after a direct question(2) after a statement turned into a question e.g. You like it? (3) put between parentheses indicates the writers uncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word , figure, or date. e.g. Cao
26、Xueqin, was born in an aristocratic family in 1715 (?), and died in poverty in 1764(?). 二、 Punctuation 307. The Exclamation Mark (!) (1). used after an exclamatory sentence, or an emphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion.(2) Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan.
27、二、 Punctuation 318. The Quotation Marks (“ ”) (1). double quotation marks: enclose direct quotations (indirect quotation are not enclosed by quotations marks)(2). single quotation marks: enclose a quotation within a quotation e.g. The professor said, “Confucius says, Do not impose on others what you
28、 do not desire yourself. This is a very good principle of moral conduct. ”二、 Punctuation 328. The Quotation Marks (“ ”) (3). used for titles and headings (4). used for words with special meaning(5) when other marks are quoted: - the comma and the period may be placed either inside or outside the quo
29、tation marks- the colon and the semicolon placed outside the quotation marks- the dash, the question mark and exclamation mark are placed according to the meaning of the sentence.二、 Punctuation 33 I dialed a number and the phone rang once twice then someone picked it up you got the wrong number a hu
30、sky voice snapped before the line went dead mystified I dialed again二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)34I said you got the wrong number came thevoice once more the phone clicked in my earhow could he possibly know I had a wrongnumber at that time, I worked for the New Yor
31、kCity Police Department a cop is trained to becurious and concerned so I dialed a third time二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)35hey come on the man said is this you againyeah its me I answered I was wondering how you knew I had the wrong number before I even said anything
32、you figure it out the phone slammed down二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)36I sat there for a short time the receiver hangingloosely in my fingers I called the man backso you have figured it out he askedthe only thing I can think of is eh nobody evercalls youyou got it th
33、e phone went dead for the fourthtime Chuckling I dialed the man back二、 Punctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)37what do you want now he asked.I thought Id call just to say Hellohello whywell if nobody ever calls you I thought maybe I shouldokay hello who is this二、 Punctuation Tas
34、k 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)38at last I had got through now it was his turn tobe curious I told him who I was and asked whohe was my names Adolf Meth Im 88 years old and Ihavent had this many wrong numbers in oneday in 20 years we both laughedin this way we became phone friends二、 Pun
35、ctuation Task 3: punctuate the following passages. (P13)39I dialed a number and the phone rangonce twice, then someone picked it up.“You got the wrong number,” a husky voicesnapped before the line went dead. Mystified Idialed again.Answers to task 340“I said, You got the wrong number.”came thevoice
36、once more. The phone clicked in my ear.How could he possibly know I had a wrongnumber? At that time, I worked for the New YorkCity Police Department. A cop is trained to becurious and concerned, so I dialed a third time.Answers to task 341“Hey! Come on,” the man said, “is this youagain?”“Yeah, its m
37、e,” I answered, “I was wonderinghow you knew I had the wrong number before Ieven said anything.”“You figure it out,” the phone slammed down.Answers to task 342I sat there for a short time, the receiver hangingloosely in my fingers. I called the man back.“So you have figured it out?” he asked.“The on
38、ly thing I can think of is: eh,nobody evercalls you.”“You got it,” the phone went dead for the fourthtime. Chuckling I dialed the man back.Answers to task 343“What do you want now?” he asked.“I thought Id call just to say Hello!.”“Hello, why?”“Well, if nobody ever calls you, I thought maybeI should.
39、”“Okay, hello, who is this?”Answers to task 344At last, I had got through. Now it was his turn tobe curious. I told him who I was and asked whohe was. “My names Adolf Meth. Im 88 years old, and Ihavent had thismany wrong numbers in oneday in 20 years,” we both laughed.In this way, we became phone friends.Answers to task 345nThank you !46
