1、第第4 4节土壤吸附节土壤吸附- -解析研究实例解析研究实例n重金属在土壤中的吸附重金属在土壤中的吸附-解析解析n农药在土壤中的吸附农药在土壤中的吸附n土壤吸附土壤吸附-解析的影响因素研究解析的影响因素研究表表1 1供试土壤的基本性质供试土壤的基本性质 Table1 Basic properties of soils studiedTable1 Basic properties of soils studied土壤类土壤类型型 PHPH (H(H2 2O)O) CECCEC cmol(+)cmol(+)kgkg- -1 1 有机质有机质 g/kgg/kg 游离氧游离氧化铁化铁g/kgg/kg
2、粘粒含粘粒含量量 0.010.01mm%mm% CuCu ZnZn Pb Pb mg/kgmg/kg 黄泥土黄泥土 6.176.17 21.5821.58 34.734.7 18.018.0 53.3953.39 30.7830.78 56.4056.40 30.7830.78 白土白土 4.924.92 16.616.6 20.920.9 16.9016.90 49.4049.40 28.9528.95 43.8043.80 28.6328.63 乌泥土乌泥土 6.136.13 21.3021.30 25.625.6 18.118.1 52.4052.40 27.5027.50 69.826
3、9.82 30.0730.07 一、土壤对重金属的吸附一、土壤对重金属的吸附- -解吸解吸图图1 1 模拟酸雨影响下黄泥土对铜的吸附曲线模拟酸雨影响下黄泥土对铜的吸附曲线Fig.1 Effect of acid rain on Cu adsorption isotherm of Huangnitu0500100015002000010203040平衡浓度C ( m g /L)吸附量 X ( mg/kg)H-4.0H-3.0H-2.0H-5.6图图2 2 模拟酸雨影响下白土对铜的吸附曲线模拟酸雨影响下白土对铜的吸附曲线Fig.2 Effect of acid rain on Cu adsorpt
4、ion isotherm of Baitu020040060080010000510152025平衡浓度C ( m g /L)吸附量X ( mg/kg)B-5.6B-4.0B-3.0B-2.0 图图3 3 模拟酸雨影响下乌泥土对铜的吸附曲线模拟酸雨影响下乌泥土对铜的吸附曲线Fig.3 Effect of acid rain on Cu adsorption isotherm of Wunitu0200400600800100012001400051015平衡浓度C ( m g /L)吸附量X ( m g/kg)W-5.6W-4.0W-3.0W-2.0表表2 2不同土壤吸附等温线拟和参数不同土壤
5、吸附等温线拟和参数Table2 Effect of acid rain on the paramenter of Cu adsorption isotherm of three soils Langmuir Freundlich Temkin 1/G=1/Xm+1/(KXm)1/C LogY=logK+1/nlogC Y=a+KlogC Xm K(1) r* K(2) n r a K(3) r H H 1159 3.29 0.999 853.2 0.511 0.958 800.6 474.6 0.997 黄黄 5.65.6 20452045 2.302.30 0.9890.989 418.84
6、18.8 1.6251.625 0.8530.853 811.5811.5 667.4667.4 0.9260.926 泥泥 4.04.0 17331733 2.222.22 0.9910.991 326.5326.5 2.02.00808 0.8870.887 710.5710.5 490.3490.3 0.9780.978 土土 3.03.0 13071307 1.951.95 0.9780.978 311.9311.9 2.1152.115 0.9260.926 686.4686.4 439.0439.0 0.9220.922 2.02.0 331.1331.1 0.0490.049 0
7、.9810.981 28.9728.97 2.0422.042 0.9820.982 18.3718.37 178.4178.4 0.9890.989 B B 529.1 2.24 0.997 326.3 0.541 0.979 401.4 309.7 0.973 白白 5.65.6 12981298 1.251.25 0.9880.988 368.1368.1 1.1821.182 0.9360.936 467.6467.6 329.7329.7 0.9620.962 4.04.0 840.3840.3 1.121.12 0.9950.995 237.1237.1 1.4871.487 0.
8、9750.975 419.7419.7 313.7313.7 0.9790.979 土土 3.03.0 819.7819.7 0.850.85 0.9960.996 201.4201.4 1.4211.421 0.9920.992 381.3381.3 304.7304.7 0.9680.968 2.02.0 176.1176.1 0.0440.044 0.9920.992 18.5418.54 1.8891.889 0.9730.973 0.6010.601 169.6169.6 0.8090.809 W W 975.6 3.26 0.998 856.0 0.515 0.981 673.1
9、370.0 0.977 乌乌 5.65.6 18731873 2.2.2626 0.9920.992 766.2766.2 0.9900.990 0.9640.964 650.0650.0 459.4459.4 0.9720.972 泥泥 4.04.0 920.8920.8 1.851.85 0.9680.968 605.3605.3 1.2651.265 0.8900.890 620.8620.8 392.8392.8 0.9570.957 土土 3.03.0 840.3840.3 1.801.80 0.9690.969 532.9532.9 1.4931.493 0.8810.881 56
10、5.2565.2 360.6360.6 0.9950.995 2.02.0 274.0274.0 0.110.11 0.9920.992 35.3235.32 1.7181.718 0.9690.969 18.2218.22 292.0292.0 0.9170.917 * 处理中 H、B、W 分别表示黄泥土、白土、乌泥土，5.6、4.0、3.0、2.0 分别表示模拟酸雨淋溶液的 pH。 * n=7 r0.05=0.754，r0.01=0.874 图图4 4 模拟酸雨影响下黄泥土易解吸态铜的解吸曲线模拟酸雨影响下黄泥土易解吸态铜的解吸曲线Fig.4 Effect of acid rain on
11、the desorption curves of easily desorped Cu in Huannitu05010015020025002004006008001000解吸前的吸附量X ( m g / k g )解吸量( m g /kg)H-5.6H-4.0H-3.0H-2.0图图5 模拟酸雨影响下白土易解吸态铜的解吸曲线模拟酸雨影响下白土易解吸态铜的解吸曲线Fig.5 Effect of acid rain on the desorption curves of easily desorped Cu in Baitu01002003004005006007008000200400600
12、800解吸前的吸附量（m g / k g ）解吸量（m g / k g）B-5.6B-4.0B-3.0B-2.0图图6 6 模拟酸雨影响下乌泥土易解吸态铜的解吸曲线模拟酸雨影响下乌泥土易解吸态铜的解吸曲线Fig.6 Effect of acid rain on the desorption curves of easily desorped Cu in Wunitu01002003004005006007008009000200400600800解吸前的吸附量（m g / k g ）解吸量（m g / k g）W-5.6W-4.0W-3.0W-2.0图图7 7 模拟酸雨影响下黄泥土难解吸态铜的
13、解吸曲线模拟酸雨影响下黄泥土难解吸态铜的解吸曲线Fig. 7 Effect of acid rain on the desorption curves of difficultly desorped Cu in Huannitu010020030040050060070080090002004006008001000解吸前的吸附量（m g / k g ）解吸量（m g / k g）H-5.6H-4.0H-3.0H-2.0图图8 8 模拟酸雨影响下白土难解吸态铜的解吸曲线模拟酸雨影响下白土难解吸态铜的解吸曲线Fig. 8 Effect of acid rain on the desorption
14、 curves of difficultly desorped Cu in Baitu01002003004005006000200400600800解吸前的吸附量（m g / k g ）解吸量（m g / k g）B-3.0B-4.0B-5.6B-2.0图图9 9模拟酸雨影响下乌泥土难解吸态铜的解吸曲线模拟酸雨影响下乌泥土难解吸态铜的解吸曲线 Fig. 9 Effect of acid rain on the desorption curves of difficultly desorped Cu in Wunitu01002003004005006000200400600800解吸前的吸附
15、量（m g / k g ）解吸量（m g / k g）W-3.0W-4.0W-2.0W-5.6表表3 3模拟酸雨影响下解吸态铜（模拟酸雨影响下解吸态铜（Y Y）与铜吸附量）与铜吸附量(X)(X)的关系拟合参数的关系拟合参数Table3 Effect of acid rain on the relationship between easily and Table3 Effect of acid rain on the relationship between easily and difficulty desorptiondifficulty desorption Cu(Y) and Cu a
16、dsorption (X) Cu(Y) and Cu adsorption (X) Y=a+bXY=a+bX 易解吸态易解吸态 难解吸态难解吸态 处理处理* * a a b b1 1 r* a a b b2 2 r r H H - -4.1764.176 0.02550.0255 0.93610.9361 6.9866.986 1.0571.057 0.99970.9997 H H- -5.65.6 - -9.8519.851 0.05840.0584 0.95490.9549 46.6446.64 0.82710.8271 0.99390.9939 H H- -4.04.0 - -18.70
17、18.70 0.10390.1039 0.97790.9779 42.0442.04 0.82580.8258 0.99800.9980 H H- -3.03.0 - -18.5718.57 0.11520.1152 0.97800.9780 56.7456.74 0.78950.7895 0.99600.9960 H H- -2.02.0 - -44.3644.36 0.84080.8408 0.97470.9747 1 17.457.45 0.32810.3281 0.99560.9956 B B - -27.3827.38 0.24200.2420 0.93260.9326 23.072
18、3.07 0.98020.9802 0.99930.9993 B B- -5.65.6 - -35.2135.21 0.32930.3293 0.97740.9774 27.5827.58 0.77600.7760 0.99970.9997 B B- -4.04.0 - -33.4233.42 0.37390.3739 0.98720.9872 22.9122.91 0.79800.7980 0.99690.9969 B B- -3.03.0 - -34.2234.22 0.38380.3838 0.98790.9879 52.8752.87 0.52760.5276 0.99120.9912
19、 B B- -2.02.0 - -25.0525.05 0.86440.8644 0.96590.9659 1.5781.578 0.39570.3957 0.95390.9539 W W - -5.2775.277 0.04090.0409 0.95020.9502 18.3318.33 1.0631.063 0.99960.9996 W W- -5.65.6 - -8.9948.994 0.07310.0731 0.96820.9682 5.4765.476 0.97910.9791 0.99660.9966 W W- -4.04.0 - -11.8011.80 0.09190.0919
20、0.95470.9547 18.7718.77 0.95150.9515 0.99440.9944 W W- -3.03.0 - -19.4819.48 0.15960.1596 0.96590.9659 20.0920.09 0.85780.8578 0.99200.9920 W2.0W2.0 - -38.9538.95 0.80940.8094 0.99740.9974 15.0715.07 0.37310.3731 0.99820.9982 * 处理中 H、B、W 分别表示黄泥土、白土、乌泥土，5.6、4.0、3.0、2.0 分别表示模拟酸雨淋溶液的 pH。 * n=7,P0.05=0.
21、754 ,P0.01=0.874 表表4模拟酸雨影响下土壤吸附解吸拟合参数相对值汇总表模拟酸雨影响下土壤吸附解吸拟合参数相对值汇总表Table4 Effect of acid rain on the relationship between easily and difficulty desorption Cu(Y) and Cu adsorption (X)处处 理理 最大吸附量最大吸附量XmXm（mg/kgmg/kg） 相对值相对值* * 易解吸态易解吸态 b b1 1 相对值相对值 难解吸态难解吸态 b b2 2 相对值相对值 H H 11591159 1.001.00 0.02550.
22、0255 1.001.00 1.0571.057 1.001.00 H H- -5.65.6 20452045 1.761.76 0.05840.0584 2.292.29 0.82710.8271 0.7820.782 H H- -4.04.0 17331733 1.501.50 0.10390.1039 4.054.05 0.82580.8258 0.7810.781 H H- -3.03.0 13071307 1.131.13 0.11520.1152 5.125.12 0.78950.7895 0.7470.747 B B 529.1529.1 1.001.00 0.24200.242
23、0 1.001.00 0.98020.9802 1.001.00 B B- -5.65.6 1 1298298 2.452.45 0.32390.3239 1.361.36 0.77610.7761 0.8140.814 B B- -4.04.0 840.3840.3 1.581.58 0.37380.3738 1.551.55 0.79800.7980 0.7920.792 B B- -3.03.0 819.7819.7 1.541.54 0.38380.3838 1.591.59 0.52760.5276 0.5380.538 W W 975.6975.6 1.001.00 0.04090
24、.0409 1.001.00 1.0631.063 1.001.00 W W- -5.65.6 18731873 1.921.92 0.07310.0731 1.791.79 0.97910.9791 0.9210.921 W W- -4.04.0 920.8920.8 0.940.94 0.09190.0919 2.252.25 0.95190.9519 0.8600.860 W W- -3.03.0 840.3840.3 0 0.86.86 0.15960.1596 3.903.90 0.85780.8578 0.8070.807 * *以未淋溶土壤作为以未淋溶土壤作为 1.001.00，
25、其他各处理与其相比的相对值。，其他各处理与其相比的相对值。 除草剂胺苯磺隆在土壤中的吸附除草剂胺苯磺隆在土壤中的吸附除草剂，主要除单双子叶杂草除草剂，主要除单双子叶杂草1.1.胺苯磺隆的吸附等温线胺苯磺隆的吸附等温线KfKf越大代表吸附能力越强。越大代表吸附能力越强。2、土壤有机质含量的影响土壤有机质含量的影响K=0.1688organics+0.9883 r2=0.8393P0.05)3 3、土壤粘粒含量的影响、土壤粘粒含量的影响K f =11.82clay%-4.71212r2=0.8665，P0.05)4 4、土壤、土壤pHpH的影响的影响K f =10.005-0.9992 pH r2
26、=0.937，P0.05)结论结论n胺苯磺隆在胺苯磺隆在3 3 种不同类型土壤上的吸附情况能很好地种不同类型土壤上的吸附情况能很好地与与FreundlichFreundlich等温吸附方程相吻合，且胺苯磺隆在土等温吸附方程相吻合，且胺苯磺隆在土壤中的吸附强弱顺序为：红壤，潜山水稻土，宣城水壤中的吸附强弱顺序为：红壤，潜山水稻土，宣城水稻土稻土 黄褐土，黄潮土，砂姜黑土。黄褐土，黄潮土，砂姜黑土。n土壤的理化性质对胺苯磺隆的吸附有重要影响，土壤土壤的理化性质对胺苯磺隆的吸附有重要影响，土壤吸附常数吸附常数KfKf与土壤有机质、粘粒含量呈正相关，与土与土壤有机质、粘粒含量呈正相关，与土壤壤 值值pHpH呈负相关，与土壤阳离子交换量相关性不明显。呈负相关，与土壤阳离子交换量相关性不明显。
