1、Lesson 7.1 Clean Coal Technologiescontentwords1Expressions and Technical Terms2Text3Words煤化工minimus minims adj. 最年轻的最年轻的, 微小的微小的particulate ptikjulit n. 微粒，粉尘；微粒，粉尘；adj. 微粒的微粒的pulverize plvraiz v. 研磨成粉研磨成粉gasifier gsifai(r) 气化器，气化器， 气体发生器气体发生器supercritical sju: pkritikl adj. 超临界的超临界的synfuel sinfjul
2、n. 合成燃料合成燃料sorbent s gbnt n. 化化吸附剂吸附剂其他fluidize flu:idaiz v. 使液化使液化, 流流(态态)化化gasification gsifikein n. 气化气化liberalize librlaiz v. 自由化自由化saleable seilbl adj. 适于销售的适于销售的synfuel sinfjul n. 合成燃料合成燃料liberalize librlaiz v. 自由化自由化collaboration klbrein n. 协作协作Expressions and Technical Terms规格规格对应职业岗位对应职业岗位s
3、team turbine n. 蒸汽轮机蒸汽轮机capital cost 资本成本资本成本, 资本费用资本费用commercial plant 商业设备商业设备over-fire air二次空气二次空气风风result from v. 由由.产生产生combustion chamber燃烧室燃烧室turbine generator n. 涡轮发电机涡轮发电机exhaust gas 废气废气textClean coal technologies have an important role to play over the coming decades to minimise the envir
4、onmental impact of the substantial coal use that is forecast. This briefing paper focuses primarily on the technologies to reduce sulphur dioxide (SO2), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxide (CO2). 煤炭洁净技术在未来十年中将扮演一个重要的角色。大量煤的使用对环境的影响将是一个预测。这个详细介绍的课题的最初焦点是为了减小氧化硫，氮氧化物和二氧化碳的排放。textClean coal tec
5、hnologies projects have demonstrated technologies in four key areas: environmental control technologies applicable to conventional plants, advanced power generation, coal processing and industrial applications. 清节煤技术方案已经在关键的四个方面得到了论证，应用于传统产业的环境控制技术，先进的发展技术，煤处理和工业应用。 vThese technologies were develope
6、d to remove or prevent the formation of SO2, NOx and particulates when coal is burned to generate electricity at conventional, coal-fired power stations where the coal is pulverized to a fine powder before being burned in a boiler to raise steam for a steam turbine.这些技术被开发是为了去除或阻止二氧化硫 氮氧化物和粉尘。传统的煤碳被
7、燃烧去产生电流，煤炭发电。煤炭在锅炉中燃炉之前被研磨成细微的颗料为了增加蒸汽机的蒸气。texttextvFlue gas desulphurisation to remove 90% of the SO2, typically using a wet limestone slurry, is widely adopted and capital costs have halved over the last decade.烟道气中的二氧化硫大于90%的被除去。一般使用一个潮湿的碳岩泥浆，这种方法被广泛的采用和资金投入在最近几十年中已经减半。 vThe efficiency of convent
8、ional coal-fired power station designs continues to improve with each new project, such that CO2 emissions from new plants are 15-25% less than many older plants.传统的煤燃烧发电的效率很低，一些国家为了改进这项新工程，比如像二氧化碳的排放量在新工厂中的到旧工厂中至少量低15%25%texttextDevelopment programmes for ultra-supercritical technology aim to impro
9、ve coal-fired generation efficiency to above 50% (i.e. comparable to gas-fired generation). The scale of these programmes means that they are very unlikely to proceed without government encouragement and support. This would be justified by the potential carbon savings that would result from world-wi
10、de application.开发这项超临界蒸汽技术是为了改进煤炭发电技术的效率达到50%以上，这么大规模的项目意味着不可能轻易完成的，如果没有政府的支持和鼓励，这将被潜在的碳的节约证明是正确的，并将在全世界应用。vFBC reduces emissions of SO2 and NOx by the controlled combustion of crushed coal in a bed fluidized with jets of air. Sulphur released from the coal as SO2 is captured by a sorbent (e.g. lime
11、stone) injected into the combustion chamber along with the coal.流化床燃烧技术通过空气喷嘴将煤喷进燃烧室，来控制二氧化硫和二氧化氮的排放。从煤中释放的硫和煤一块添加进燃烧室中的吸附剂吸收。 texttextvIGCC systems involve gasification of coal, cleaning the gas produced, and combusting it in a gas turbine generator to produce electricity. Residual heat in the exha
12、ust gas from the gas turbine is recovered in a heat recovery boiler as steam, which can be used to produce additional electricity in a steam turbine generator.循环联合发电技术涉及到煤炭的汽化，煤的净化并且燃烧它在涡轮发电机中去产生电流。从燃气涡轮中排放的废气中的余热用来发热锅炉产生蒸汽。产生的蒸汽可以推动蒸汽涡轮发电机产生额外的电能。vA variety of technologies are available to produce
13、clean liquid fuels having high energy density and low sulphur. The largest example is in South Africa where almost 40 million tonnes of low-grade coal is gasified and processed into high quality synfuels, including transport fuels, using the Fischer-Tropsch process.v很多种技术都能够将煤炭转变为洁净燃料，并使它们含有较高的能量密度和
14、低硫粉，最大的例子在南非，每年大约有 4亿吨低价煤被汽化，转化为高质量的合成燃料，包括输送燃料。textvThis category includes iron-making, with coal replacing a proportion of the more expensive coke traditionally used in blast furnaces. It also includes processes to remove SO2 and other pollutants from the flue gases produced during cement manufact
15、ure.v这些包括铁制品，用煤代替一定比率的更昂贵的焦碳传统的使用在鼓风炉中，它也包括除去二氧化硫和其他有害物质从烟道气中，在生产水泥产品的过程中。textvTo properly address the climate change issue will require the capture and storage of CO2 emissions from all fossil fuel use. There is much research work in progress to examine and further develop the many technologies tha
16、t are already available to capture CO2 from coal use.一个正确的看法是随着气候的变化，将要汞夺取并且存储二氧化碳的排放从所在研究过程中有许多技术要去测试和更远的发展。从煤碳中夺取二氧化碳，燃料气中的胺从传统的煤烧 过程中产生的。texttextvCapture of CO2 from IGCC plant has particular attractions, not least because it is already demonstrated at an appropriate scale for power generation. It would also allow the production of carbon-free hydrogen from coal: a clean transport fuel for the future.从联合发电厂夺取的二氧化碳有一个特殊的吸引力，因为它被证明发电厂是一个合适的规模，它将能从煤中提取碳氢，将来将是一个洁净的运输途径。
