1、我们可以打个比方：一个句子单从形式上来说，可以看成已经完工的建筑。建成后的房子的构成部件有：门、窗、天花板、地板、墙等；对应在句子里就组成部件就是：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语这些句子成分。而具体房屋的组成部分如墙，天花板，地板，窗户，门等都是由一定的材质如混凝土，钢筋，玻璃，铝合金等构成；对应在句子里就是句子成分是由一个个具体的不同词性的词、短语或从句构成。简单来说，句子由不同的句子成分组成，而不同的成分又由具体的不同的词、短语或句子构成。定义定义 ：构成句子的各个部分的名称叫做：构成句子的各个部分的名称叫做 句子成分。句子成分有句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分。次要成分。
2、主要成分主要成分:主语、谓语、宾语、补语主语、谓语、宾语、补语 (宾补和主补宾补和主补)、表语。、表语。次要成分次要成分: 定语、状语、同位语。定语、状语、同位语。极端情况下，一个词也可以是个句子，如极端情况下，一个词也可以是个句子，如Go！I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 定定主主 谓谓宾宾同同地地时时语语语语 语语语语位位点点间间语语状状状状语语语语主语（主语（subject）表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物，一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。
3、名词的词组或句子充当，置于句首。（名词）（名词）1. Janeis good at playing the piano.（代词）（代词）2. Shewent out in a hurry.（数词）（数词）3. Fourplus four is eight.（动词不定式）（动词不定式）4. To seeis to believe.（动名词）（动名词）5. Smoking is bad for health.6. The young should respect the old.（the+形容词）形容词）（句子）（句子）7. What he has saidis true. 找出句中主语找出句中主
4、语1. The sun rises in the east.2. Twenty years is a short time in history.3. The poor are now living in the shelter. 4. Seeing is believing.5. To see is to believe.6. He likes dancing.7. What he needs is a book.谓语（谓语（ predicate ）说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，位于主语之后。当，位于主语之后。1.
5、 I sawthe flag on the top of the hill.2. He looked aftertwo orphans.3. It becomes warmer.复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词;1. He can speak English well.2. She doesnt seemto like dancing. 找出句中谓语找出句中谓语1. We love China.2. We have finished reading this book.3. He can speak English.4. She seems tired.(三三)
6、宾语宾语句子动作所涉及的人或事物句子动作所涉及的人或事物; 宾语承载了谓语所支配的人、物、宾语承载了谓语所支配的人、物、事的信息。事的信息。1. Show your passport, please. 2. She didnt visit him. （名词 ）( 代词）3. How many do you want? - I want two. (数词)4. They sent the injured to hospital. 5. They asked to leave. 6. I enjoy working with you. 7. I dont know what he said.(th
7、e+形容词)（不定式）（动名词）（句子）? 宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语。间接宾语。直接宾语直接宾语指物或事指物或事,间接宾语指人或动物。间接宾语指人或动物。? He gave me some books.间接间接直接直接宾语宾语宾语宾语Please pass methe book .He bought his friend some flowers.找出句中的宾语1. We often help him.2. He likes to play basketball.3. We enjoy listening to the music.4. She said that he f
8、elt sick.5. The story is about Mo Yan.（四）（四）表 语(副词副词)表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、代词、表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征，一般由名词、形容词、代词、副词、不定式、动名词，介词短语或句子充当，位于副词、不定式、动名词，介词短语或句子充当，位于连系动词连系动词之后。之后。1. The war wasover.2. They seemto know the truth.(不定式不定式)3. Time isprecious.4. Im not quite myselftoday.(形容词形容词)(代词代词)(名词名词)(介词
9、短语介词短语)(动名词动名词)5. That remainsa puzzle.6. I dont feelat ease. 7. Her job isselling computers.8. That iswhat he said.(句子句子)找出下列句中的表语找出下列句中的表语1. I am a teacher.2. They are on the playground.3. My job is teaching English.4. It gets cold.5. It sounds interesting.常见的系动词有常见的系动词有be 动词动词,还有还有get ,become, turn, grow 等表等表 “变得变得”的词的词, 和感观动词和感观动词sound, look, smell等。等。
