1、Disability in Germany Disability in Germany 残障在德国残障在德国 a General Overview a General Overview概论概论Prof. Dr. iur. Felix Welti, Felix Weilti教授 法学博士University of Kassel, Faculty of Humanities, Institute of Social Work卡塞尔大学，人文学院，社会工作研究所Chair for Rehabilitation and Disability Law 康复及残疾法教授 Disability in Ger
2、many Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 2Definition and Concept of DisabilityDefinition and Concept of Disability残障的定义和概念残障的定义和概念-Referring to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) 参照国际健康功能与身心障碍分类系统- 2 I Social Code Book 9: A physical,
3、mental or intellectual Impairment of more than six months which relevantly hinders Participation in the Society. 超过六个月的，阻碍正常社会生活的，身体上，精神上或者智力上的损伤-“People are not disabled, they are being disabled.” 残障者非生而残障？Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 3Severely D
4、isabled Persons in Germany 2013Severely Disabled Persons in Germany 201320132013年年德国残严重障人员德国残严重障人员总人数总人数 7.5 M7.5 M七百五十万七百五十万Inhabitants 居民总数80.77 M八千零七十七万Severely Disabled of Population (%) 严重残障人数占总人口百分比9,3Severely Disabled from 15 to 65 15到65岁严重残障总人数3.33 M三百三十三万15 to 65 from all Severely Disabled
5、(%) 15到65岁严重残障的百分比44,4- Disability is assessed and approved by the Maintenance Department in degrees from 20 to 100 残障程度由维护部门评估划分为从20到100的等级 - Severe Disability starts with Degree 50 高于50级为严重残障Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 4General Principles Gener
6、al Principles of the Covenant of Rights of Persons with Disabilities (Art. 2 CRPD) 残疾人权力公约第二条例的一般原则Inherent Dignity 尊重固有尊严- Individual Autonomy 尊重个人自由- Non-Discrimination 不歧视- Participation and Inclusion 参与与融入社会- Respect for Difference 尊重差异- Equality of Opportunity 机会均等- Accessibility 便利设施无障碍- Equal
7、ity between Men and Women 男女平等- Respect for the Rights of Children 儿童权利的尊重Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 5Non-Discrimination Non-Discrimination (Art. 5 CRPD) 不歧视（残疾人权力公约第五条例）-Enshrined in Art. 3 German Constitution (Grundgesetz)依据于德国宪法第三条例-Strengthe
8、ned by EU-Directive 2000/78 for Employment 由欧洲议会的2000/78 雇佣法案得到加强-Binds State and Public Bodies as well as Employers and Persons offering Goods and Services to the Public 联合政府、公共组织、雇主和和公共服务人员-Is controlled by the courts, including Federal Constitutional Court 由法院包括联邦宪法法院管制-New Concept of Reasonable
9、Accomodation (Art. 5 III CRPD): Necessary Modification and Adjustments to ensure the full Enjoyment and Exercise of all Human Rights 合理设施的新概念：提供合理便利以保证享受和运用所有人权-Concretized in German Labour Law as a task of Employer in case of Long-term illness (“Company Integration Management”, 84 Social Code Book
10、9) 德国劳动法明确规定，雇主应承担该任务，若雇佣者患有长期性疾病（德国社会法典9第84条 “企业整合管理”）Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 6Accessibility Accessibility (Art. 9 CRPD) 无障碍（残疾人权利公约第9条例）-Equal Access to the physical Environment, Transportation, Information, Communication and to other facil
11、ities and services open to the public 享有同等使用物理环境、交通、信息、交流和其他公共设施和服务-In Germany fixed legally for new Public Buildings, Public Documents and Websites 在德国新的公共建筑、文档和网站需强制符合规定？-Still difficult Implementation 依然很难实行Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 7Partici
12、pationParticipation 参与参与-Key-word of German Disability Law and of ICF 德国残障法案和ICF的关键词-Avoiding Separation and promoting Inclusion 避免隔离，促进交融-Political Dimension: “Nothing about us without us.” 政治参与；任何事情都与残障人士相关“Accessibility is good for all.”“Accessibility is good for all.” 可及性有利于所有人Demonstration in f
13、avour of same-level crossroads in Kassel.Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 8Rehabilitation Rehabilitation (Art. 26 CRPD) 康复（残疾人权力公约第26条例）-Traditional System in Germany 德国传统体系-Regulated in Social Code Book 9 from 2001 2001年起由社会法典9调控-Several Public Admin
14、istrative Bodies, obliged to coordinate and cooperate under common rules 很多公众行政组织在常规条款规定下必须进行协调和合作-Rehabilitation has priority before Invalidity Pension and priority before Long-term Care 康复优先于伤残抚恤金和长期照顾-Services and Institutions are in most cases run by non-profit welfare-organizations; also privat
15、e and public services and institutions 服务和机构大多是由非盈利福利组织运行，也有私立和公共服务和机构Umbrella:Umbrella: Federal Comittee for Rehabilitation保护伞：联邦康复委员会www.bar-frankfurt.deDisability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in GermanyMedical Rehabilitation Medical Rehabilitation 医学康复医学康复-Pension Insurance is
16、responsible for rehabilitation of workers and invalid pensioners to prevent invalidity and regain capacity 养老保险应承担劳动者的康复和残障抚恤金，以防止残障并让劳动者重获能力-Health Insurance is responsible especially for children, students, old-age pensioners健康保险应尤其承担儿童、学生、老人的抚恤金-Nearly the whole population is covered 基本全部人口都被覆盖25
17、.06.2015 | 9CasesCases（具体案例）（具体案例）20132013Pension Insurance养老保险988.380Health Insurance 健康保险719.927Spending in Billion 开销（以十亿欧元为单位）7,1Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in GermanyVocational Rehabilitation Vocational Rehabilitation 职业康复职业康复-Pension Insurance is responsible for
18、rehabilitation of workers and invalid pensioners to prevent invalidity and regain capacity养老保险应承担劳动者的康复和残障抚恤金，以防止残障并让劳动者重获能力-Federal Employment Agency is responsible especially for younger persons who have to be included in working life for the first time联邦就业局负有责任，向初入职场的年轻人提供该项服务-Nearly the whole po
19、pulation is covered近乎全部人口都被覆盖25.06.2015 | 10Cases Cases （具体案例）（具体案例）20132013Pension Insurance 养老保险128.518Federal Employment Agency 联邦就业局183.046Spending in Billion 支出（以十亿欧元计）3,5Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in GermanySocial Rehabilitation Social Rehabilitation (Einglieder
20、ungshilfe) 社会康复（融入社会帮助）- Municipalities are responsible for Social Assistance 市当局应有责任给予社会帮助- Carried out by Services and Special Institutions for Sheltered Housing 由社会康复服务和特定机构提供必要的居所25.06.2015 | 11CasesCases（具体案例）（具体案例）20132013Disabled recipients 接受服务的残障者 834.000 Spending in Billion (Eingliederungs
21、hilfe)支出以十亿欧元计（融入社会帮助）15,6 55 Social Code Book Nine 社会法典9第55条685.000Spending in Billion 支出以十亿欧元计9,8Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in GermanyIndependence and Living in the Community Independence and Living in the Community 独立和生独立和生活在社区活在社区-Important Principle of Art. 19 CR
22、PD and important aim of Disability Organizations 残疾人权力公约第19条 的重要原则和残障组织的目标-Legal and official Policy 法律规定和正式准则-Conflicted cases when independent living seems to be more costly than living in institutions 矛盾情况：当独立生活比生活在公开机构费用更高的时候25.06.2015 | 12Living at home, not in a HomeLiving at home, not in a Ho
23、me“ 德语德语”Daheim statt HeimDaheim statt Heim“在家生活，而非养老院在家生活，而非养老院Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 13Recognition before the Law and Access to JusticeRecognition before the Law and Access to Justice在法律面前获得平等承认和获得司法保护在法律面前获得平等承认和获得司法保护Demanded in Art. 12,
24、 13 CRPD 由残疾人权力第12条和13条条例要求-Traditional Guardianship has been replaced by Legal Support 传统的监护人以由法律援助代替-Legal Support is being ordered and controlled by the Legal Support Court 法律援助由法律援助法庭提供和调节-If possible by relatives, spouses, friends and volunteers; if necessary by professional supporters 如果有可能，由亲
25、属、配偶、好友和自愿者；如果有必要由专业援助者提供-1.3 Million cases of Legal Support in 2013 在2013年有130万法律援助的案例-Full access for disabled persons to German Justice 残障人士享有完整的德国权利Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 14Personal MobilityPersonal Mobility 个人行动能力个人行动能力- Demanded in Art
26、. 20 CRPD 由残疾人权力公约第20条条例 提出- Technical aids as a part of Rehabilitation 技术支持是康复的一部分- Accessibility of Public Transport 公共交通需要为残障人士提供便利Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 15Expression of Opinion and Access to InformationExpression of Opinion and Access to
27、 Information 表表达意达意见的自由和获得信息的机会见的自由和获得信息的机会- Demanded in Art. 21 CRPD 由残疾人权力公约第21条例要求- Sign Language and Technical Aids as part of Rehabilitation 哑语和技术帮助是康复的一部分- Accessibility of Internet and Television Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 16EducationEduc
28、ation 教育教育-Inclusion in the General Education System and reasonable Accomodation is recognized in Art. 24 CRPD 能享受接受教育权力和合理便利，是获得残疾人权力公约第24条例承认的-Compulsory Education for all children, including mentally and intellectually impaired children, is realized 向包括精神疾病和智力障碍在内的所有儿童实现义务教育-6,6% of all children
29、have special educational needs (2012/2013) 2012至2013年有6.6%的儿童需要特殊教育帮助-Most of them attend special schools (343.343 in 2013) 大部分这些儿童进入特殊学校（2013年343343）-Right to inclusive school is disputed 是否该有进入正常学校的权利仍在讨论中Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 17Health an
30、d CareHealth and Care 健康和医疗卫生健康和医疗卫生-Right to the highest attainable standard of health without discrimination with the same range, quality and standard as provided to others is recognized in Art. 25 CRPD残疾人权利公约第25条条例确认：残疾人有权享有可达到的最高健康标准，不受基于残疾的歧视 -Nearly all disabled persons have access to Public H
31、ealth Insurance, e.g. by working in sheltered workshops or by being invalidity pensioners or as children of insured persons 几乎所有的残疾人都拥有公共健康保险渠道，例如：在受保护的区域工作，养老保险，受保人子女的保护-Lack of accessibility of physicians is identified as a problem in the National Action Plan 缺少看医生渠道是该国家行动计划的障碍Disability in German
32、y Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in GermanyLong-Term Care Long-Term Care 长期医疗服务长期医疗服务-Access to Public Long-term Care Insurance for all persons in Public Health Insurance 所有拥有公共健康保险的人都应有享受长期医疗服务的权力-Assessment in three stages由三个阶段评估-Benefits have to be supplemented by families or social assista
33、nce 给予家属或者社会援助者补助25.06.2015 | 18In need for Long-term Care 2013In need for Long-term Care 20132013年需长期医疗服务总人数年需长期医疗服务总人数2,5 M2,5 M250万万Of population (%)占总人口比例3,1Stage I（第一阶段）1.41 M141万Stage II（第二阶段）779.903779903Stage III（第三阶段）289.041289041At Home（在自家）1.86 M186万In Institutions （在公共护理机构）764.431764431S
34、pending Long-term Care Insurance in Billion 长期医疗服务支出（以十亿欧元计）23,2Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 19Work and EmploymentWork and Employment 工作和就业工作和就业-Right to work on an equal basis with others including the right to the opportunity to gain a living by
35、 work freely chosen or accepted is recognized in Art. 27 CRPD 残疾人权力公约第27条确认残疾人在与其他人平等的基础上享有工作权，拥有为谋生自由选择或接受工作的权利-Inclusion in Labour Market is duty of Employers: Every Employer has to employ 5% severely disabled persons or pay levy促进残疾人融入劳动市场是雇主的义务：每个雇主应雇佣5%的严重残障人员或缴纳税收-Integration Office and Vocati
36、onal Rehabilitation support workers and employers整合办公室和职业康复应支持劳动者和雇主-Sheltered workshops are offered for persons who are not able to work on the regular Labour market (around 288.000 Persons, 2013) 向需便利的残疾人提供受保护工作场所（2013年约288000人）Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany2
37、5.06.2015 | 20Invalidity Pensioners 2013 养老金退休者养老金退休者1.719.346Fully invalid 百分之百退休1.597.804Partially invalid 部分退休105.675Social Assistance because of Invalidity 基于退休的社会帮助435.000 Average Invalidity Pension 2013 () 2013年平均养老金（欧元）年平均养老金（欧元）699 Average Working Income (Fulltime, before tax) () 平均工资收入（全职，税
38、前）（欧元）3.238 Social Assistance (base rate without cost of housing, 2013) () 社会扶助金（基础值不包括家政费用）382Social Protection社会保护社会保护-According to Art. 28 CRPD 依据于残疾人权力公约第28条-Traditionally Invalidity Pension is paid by Pension Insurance 依照旧例，残障人得养老金由养老保险公司提供-Access to all working persons 所有工作者都应该享有-Complementary
39、 Social Assistance System 由社会援助系统来协同补助Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 21OutlookOutlook 前景前景-CRPD has inspired and focussed German Disability Policy and Law 、残疾人权利公约已经促进并且加强了德国残障政策和法规-National Action Plan of Federal Government 联邦政府国家行动计划-Goals: Replac
40、e special institutions of living, learning and working by inclusion in general systems and assistance in community, school and workplace 目标：用普遍的系统和帮助来替代特殊机构，包括生活、学习和工作各个方面-Goal: Accessibility 目标：渠道通畅-Goal: Simplification and User Participation 目标：简化和用户参与-Focussing on Participation, not only on Impai
41、rment 侧重于参与而不仅仅在弥补-CRPD as a tool of International comparison, cooperation and common understanding 残疾人权力公约是一个全球行的比较、合作和增进了解的工具Disability in Germany Prof. Dr. iur. Felix WeltiDisability in Germany25.06.2015 | 22Thanks for Your Attention!Thanks for Your Attention!谢谢您的关注谢谢您的关注Contact: mailfelix-welti.de联系邮箱：mailfelix-welti.deMore Information: 更多信息见：www.rehadat.dewww.reha-recht.dewww.einfach-teilhaben.de
