1、Lesson 12Life on a Desert IslandWe sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.我们有时想象荒岛是阳光终日普照的天堂。Life there is simple and good.在那里，生活简单又美好。Ripe fruit falls from the trees and you never have to work.成熟的水果从树上掉下来，人们根本无需劳动。New words&Expressionsdesert island 荒岛
2、荒岛unrealistic adj.不真实的不真实的paradise n.天堂，乐土天堂，乐土wretched adj.可怜的，艰苦的可怜的，艰苦的starve v.挨饿挨饿element n.成分成分opportunity n.机会机会coral n.珊瑚珊瑚virgin Islands 维京群岛维京群岛Miami n.迈阿密迈阿密dinghy n.救生筏，小船救生筏，小船Carribean n.加勒比海加勒比海spear gun 捕鱼枪捕鱼枪lobster n.龙虾龙虾tanker n.邮轮邮轮genuinely adv.由衷地由衷地Robinson Crusoe 鲁滨鲁滨 逊逊克鲁索(人
3、名)1.desert adj.荒无人烟的荒无人烟的ndesert island 荒岛荒岛,无人居住的岛无人居住的岛uninhabited island 无人居住的岛无人居住的岛isolated island 孤岛孤岛ndesert n.沙漠沙漠 adj.荒芜的荒芜的/v.背弃，背弃，遗弃遗弃e.g.We should never desert a friend in trouble.They deserted the farm for the city.a deserted parking lot/the Sahara Desertn近形词：近形词：dessert 甜点甜点2.unrealis
4、tic adj.不现实的nunrealistic:not compatible with reality or fact;unreasonably idealistic不现实的;空想的e.g.unrealistic expectations与现实脱节的期望It is unrealistic to think that you can learn English well in a month.The way to solve the problem is unrealistic.Syn.impractical 不现实的 unreal不真实的nun-否定前缀 unimaginable/unbel
5、ievable/nrealistic adj.(1)tending to or expressing an awareness of things as they really are 现实的eg.She gave us a realistic appraisal of our chances.她对我们的机会做了一个现实的评估a realistic report(2)Of or relating to the representation of objects,actions,or social conditions as they actually are 现实主义的，写实的eg.a rea
6、listic novel about ghetto life 一部描写贫民窟的现实主义小说a realistic writer3.paradise nparadise n.天堂，乐士(C);极乐世界(U)nA lot of people imagine the USA as their paradise.n近义词：heaven n.天堂,天国(也指死亡:go to heaven)4.wretched adj.可怜的，艰苦的nwretched adj.miserable,dismal,of very inferior quality不幸的;悲惨的;可怜的;感到沮丧的,卑劣的;恶劣的;ne.g.t
7、he wretched prisoners 不幸的囚犯a wretched life 悲惨的生活a wretched building 破旧的建筑a wretched prose 拙劣的散文5.starvenv.to suffer or die from extreme or prolonged lack of food 挨饿,遭受或死于极端或长期的缺乏食物e.g.Whats for dinner?Im starving/starved!晚饭吃什么?我饿死了!starve to death 饿死phrase:starve for sth.:be eager for 渴望得到e.g.I am s
8、tarving for your news.我渴望得到你的消息。Shes lonely,and starving for companionship.她很寂寞，渴望友谊。n v.挨饿（-starve to death 饿死）=go hungryn-During the war,a large of people starved to death.n-Im hungry to death 我饿得要死（即：我非常饿）6.elementnelement n.(pl.)基础,化学元素;元件;要素,成分;微量,少量 (pl.)天气,坏天气;eg.a war of the elements 暴风雨 the
9、 elements of grammar 语法基础The elements of physics are difficult to grasp.物理学的原理难以掌握。Both hydrogen and oxygen are elements.advanced elements 先进分子phrase:an element of sth 少量，微量 not the least/no element of sth没有一点eg.There is an element of truth in what you say.你的话有些真实性。There is not the least/no element
10、of truth in his account of the accident.他对事故的叙述没有一点真实性。Theres always an element of danger in mountain climbing.=small amount of sth6.element n.成分nelemental adj.n自然的：The storm showed the elemental fury in its violence.n基本的：He taught elemental arts and crafts to the children.nelementary education/seco
11、ndary education/tertiary education.7.opportunity n.机会ne.g.golden opportunity 绝好的机会 Dont miss any golden opportunities.Opportunity knocks only once.千载难逢的机会nchance 表机会时可以与表机会时可以与opportunity互换（后面互换（后面+of doing,或或to do）。）。e.g.I had the chance of visiting Paris.=I had the opportunity of visiting Paris.He
12、 had no opportunity to see her.nchance表可能性时表可能性时(=possibility),则不可则不可opportunity互互换。换。e.g.There is a chance that I will see him.我有可能见到她。Thechancesarethathe will be elected the president.他有可能当选总统。Thechancesarethathe will pass his examination next week.opportunity n.nphrases:have an opportunity to do
13、sth/for/of (doing)sth.有做某事的机会有做某事的机会make the most of an opportunity 尽力利用机会尽力利用机会take/seize/grasp the opportunity to do sth/for/of (doing)sth 乘机做某事乘机做某事,抓住做某事的机会抓住做某事的机会e.g.Ill have another opportunity to visit the exhibition next year.明年我们还有一次机会参观这个展览会。We shall make the most of the opportunity to st
14、udy here.我们应该充分利用在此学习的机会。8.genuinelyngenuinely adv.由衷地，真诚地,诚实地 e.g.He is genuinely thankful to me.他由衷地地感谢我。Im genuinely sorry for my carelessness.n同根词：genuine adj.真实的,真正的,诚恳的 genuineness n.ngenuine adj.真正的;名符其实的;真实的,诚恳的;纯的,纯血统的;用天然原料制成的eg.a genuine diamond 真钻石genuine leather 真皮a genuine signature 亲笔
15、签字genuine devotion 虔诚的信仰a genuine person 诚恳的人a genuine Hawaiian 纯正的夏威夷人 coral n.珊瑚nlobster n.龙虾龙虾nshrimp n.虾虾ncrab n.螃蟹螃蟹nterrapin n.terpn龟鳖龟鳖ntank 坦克 油箱noil tank 润滑油箱ncanoe 独木舟nferry 渡船nmotorboat 汽艇nark 方舟tanker n.邮轮ndinghy n.小舢板小舢板,小游艇小游艇,小船小船boat n.小船小船,艇艇canoe n.独木舟独木舟,轻舟轻舟raft n.筏子筏子 sailboat/s
16、ailing boat/yawl n.帆船帆船tanker n.油轮油轮battleship n.战舰战舰,主力舰主力舰vessel n.船；舰船；舰ship n.轮船，海船轮船，海船,舰舰nRobinson Crusoe n.The hero of Daniel Defoes novel RobinsonCrusoe of 1719,a shipwrecked English sailor who,by virtue of his own ingenuity,survives for years on a small tropical island.n 鲁滨逊,丹尼尔1719年的小说鲁滨逊漂
17、流记中的主人翁，他是一名英国海员，船只失事后，依靠自己的智慧在一个热带小岛上生存了数年。Robinson Crusoe Detailed Study of the Text 1.Most of us have formed an unrealistic picture of life on a desert island.nform an unrealistic picture of sth：对抱有不切实际的幻想=formanidea/opinion/expression Alargenumberofpeoplehaveformedanunrealisticpictureofthejob.-2
18、.We sometimes imagine a desert island to be a sort of paradise where the sun always shines.(1)Structure:introduces an attributive clause to modify“”.(2)=eg.yourself rich and famous,will you feel happier than now?yourself in his position,what will you do?Iyou a big,tall man.Many people life in the US
19、 a paradise.（3）imagine v.想象想象n词组：词组：imagine sth.to be=imagine sth.ase.g.Some people imagine flying to be more dangerous than traveling by train.n同根词：同根词：imagination.n.想象想象 imaginative.adj.富有想象力的富有想象力的 imaginary adj.虚构的虚构的 e.g.Ghosts are imaginary.3.You either starve to death or live like Robinson Cr
20、usoe,waiting for a boat which never comes.nExplain the text:(1)Structure:“either or”connects a compound statement;the present participle phrase“waiting for”is used as adverbial of accompanying state;inside the present participle phrase“which”introduces an attributive clause to modify“a boat”.“either
21、 or”连接一个并列句；现在分词短语“waiting for”做伴随状语；现在分词短语内又出现了“which”引导的定语从句来修饰“a boat”。(2)Phrase:either or e.g.Either you come in person,or you trust someone with the matter.Ill be back either today or tomorrow.e.g.Illbebacktodaytomorrow.EitheryouIamgoingtotheparty.(3)饿死 frozentodeath/shottodeathbeattodeath/sent
22、encetodeath4.Perhaps there is an element of truth in both these pictures,but few of us have had the opportunity to find out.n e.g.Theresanelementoftruthinhisstory.他说的有些道理。Theresalwaysdangerinmountainclimbing.登山总是有些危险的。5.Two men who recently spent five days on a coral island wished they had stayed th
23、ere longer.n(1)who 引导定语从句n(2)wish引导省略that 的宾语从句 wish之后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。之后的宾语从句中要使用虚拟语气。(1)假如表达与现在情况相反,that从句中的动词要用过去时（be 动词要用were）。e.g.I wish you could drive a car.=I am sorry you cant drive a car.你要是能开车就好了。（表达一种遗憾的心情）(2)假如表达与过去情况相反,that从句中的动词要用过去完成时。e.g.I wish I hadnt spent so much money.=I am sorry I
24、 spent so much money.I wish that you had written to him.=I am sorry you didnt write to him.(3)假如表达与将来事实相反的情况或将来不可能实现的心愿,that从句中要使用would,could 等情态动词的过去时形式。e.g.I wish that I could go abroad tomorrow.I wish that you could come here tomorrow.(4)if only要比wish更富有戏剧性和感情色彩 e.g.If only the weather would chan
25、ge.=I wish the weather would change.要是天气转晴该有多好啊！We wish that we knew where to look for him.=If only we knew where to look for him.要是我们知道到哪去找他该有多好啊！nIf only we could have gone to the party.要是我们昨天能参加那个聚会该有多好啊！nIf only you hadnt said that.你要是不说那句话多好啊！nIf only you would come here tomorrow.你明天要是能来该有多好啊！6
26、.They quickly loaded a small rubber dinghy with food,matches,and cans of beer and rowed for a few miles across the Caribbean until they arrived at a tiny coral island.nloadwith sth 把某物装载到上 e.g.The workers are loading the truck with goods.load a film/a CD/bulletsunloadvi.卸货,退子弹 vt.倾销,卸类似的构词有：lockunlo
27、ckbuttonunbutton7.There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water,but this did not prove to be a problem.n(1)hardly any:very few/very little hardly ever:almost nevere.g.Hardly anybody likes him,because he is so rude.Youve eaten hardly anything.There were hardly any passengers in the
28、 bus for it was late at night.I hardly ever go out these days.I hardly ever correct his composition since he seldom turns it in.7.There were hardly any trees on the island and there was no water,but this did not prove to be a problem.n(2)prove to be:turn out to be,be found to be 结果是，证明是，原来是结果是，证明是，原
29、来是 e.g.The new device proved to be useful.Her speech proved to be a success.The task proved to be more difficult than we expected.8.They caught lobster and fish every day,and,as one of them put it“ate like kings”.(1)Structure:“as”introduces an adverbial clause of manner.“as”引导方式状语从句。(2)put:state,exp
30、resse.g.He couldnt put it(his feelings)into words.To put it bluntly(坦率地),she is just a bit officious.Try to put this sentence into English.8.They caught lobster and fish every day,and,as one of them put it“ate like kings”.(3)eat like kings:eat very well,have plenty of things to eateat like a horse:e
31、at a loteat like a bird:eat very littlee.g.As life becomes better and better,children today eat like kings.He is a boxer and eats like a horse.Jane is on a diet and eats like a bird.IV ExercisesnRead the text after the tape.Pay attention to the stress and intonation and where to stop.nTrytoanswerthe
32、comprehensionquestionsinpairswithoutlookingatthetext.1.How do we imagine a desert island?2.What do we imagine life is like on a desert island?3.Why might life be wretched?4.What did the two men who had spent five days on a coral island wish?5.What two conditions on the island were unpromising?6.How
33、did the two men live on the island?1.How do we imagine a desert island?2.What do we imagine life is like on a desert island?3.Why might life be wretched?4.What did the two men who had spent five days on a coral island wish?5.What two conditions on the island were unpromising?6.How did the two men li
34、ve on the island?as a sort of paradise.simple and good.Because you either starve to death or wait for a boat which never comes.that they had stayed longer.There were no trees and there was no water.They caught lobster and fish every day and ate like kings对有不切实际的想法想象是;设想是完全相反；截然不同饿死有点儿,少许乘船把装载在上Usefu
35、l ExpressionsKey to Vocabularynpicture:imagenwretched:miserable,terriblenstarve to death:die of hungernopportunity:chancenrepaired:fixed,mendednloaded:filled,stackedndinghy:small boatKey to Key Structures1.If you had told me earlier I would have brought the book for you.2.If I were you I would stay
36、in that company.3.You will be disappointed if you see me in person.4.You would change your mind if you knew the truth.Key to Special DifficultiesnWish,if only1.had bought that dress/it.(说明过去的情况)2.couldnt(wouldnt)make such a noise/were quiet/could be quiet.3.were here.(强调：他在这儿,该有多好)4.could play the p
37、iano as well as he does/played the piano as well as he does.5.had studied well/hard at school.6.hadnt mentioned it to him.Multiple choice questionsn1.C 要么是过度乐观,要么是过度的悲观 unreal adj.不真实的,虚幻的present vt.介绍,赠送,呈现 wretchedness n.可怜,悲惨idleness n.闲散,懒惰 unduly adv.不适当地,过度地,不正当地 optimistic adj.乐观的 pessimistic
38、 adj.悲观的n2.D essential（adj.必需的,基本的）=very necessary equipment n.装备,设备n3.A fend for oneself 独立的照料某人n4.B think of sb/sth as 把某人、某事看作为.n5.D few of us 我们当中没有几个人n6.C after(介词)其后要和名词、动名词搭配 after(连词)引导时间状语从句,表示动作在前。（A答案变为they had rowed就对了n7.B scarce adj.缺乏的,不足的,稀有的,不充足的n8.C 为做过的事情后悔：regret+doing be sorry th
39、at是否可以表示后悔去做某事？n9.B inhabited（adj.有人居住的）uninhabited（adj.无人居住的）unpopular adj.不流行的,不受欢迎的 barren adj.不生育的,不孕的,贫瘠的 n.荒地n10.D 完全不同的 entirely different naturally adv.自然地,天然地n11.D 觉得、发现某人或某事怎么样：find sb/sth to be e.g.They found the trip to be very exciting.某人或某事被发现怎么样,常用被动语态。e.g.The car is found to be beautiful.demonstrate v.论证,表明,举行,示威n12.A put it=express）Thank you very much.
