1、Lesson 42 Modern cavemen现代洞穴人现代洞穴人Learning objectives v 掌握一些单词的具体用法；掌握一些单词的具体用法；v 学习课文；学习课文；v 进行一些口语训练进行一些口语训练。New words and expressionucaveman n.洞穴人，粗暴的男人=cave dweller洞穴人upot-holing n.洞穴探险 也作potholing=cavingpothole 坑洞，锅穴upot-holer 洞穴探险者usolitude n.孤独，独居，荒僻之地，幽静的地方He passed twenty-four years in soli
2、tude.uloneliness n.孤独，寂寞This famous explorer finally died in loneliness.这位著名的探险家最后在孤寂中死去。这位著名的探险家最后在孤寂中死去。Loneliness in a gloomy raining day may be unbearable to him.对他来说，阴郁的雨天的寂寞是难以忍受的。ulonely adj.寂寞的，荒凉的A lonely star shone out against the black sky.一颗孤星在黑色的夜空中闪闪发亮。ualoneness n.n.孤独感，单独When a perso
3、n cannot kill aloneness or find no one to communicate,no one to understand his life,the people will get angry.当一个人不能打发孤独,找不到可以交流的人,没有人能理解他,便会积怨于心。New words and expressionualone adj.单独的，独自一人的，孤单的 adv.独自地，仅仅Do you ever take the subway alone late at night?你有没有在深夜单独乘过地铁？You cant live on bread alone.你不能仅
4、靠面包维生。uisolation n.隔离，孤立The old man lives in isolation in the forest.老人独自一人在森林中居住。The patient was taken to the isolation ward.这病人被移往隔离病房。New words and expressionuisolate vt.使孤立，隔离 We should never isolate ourselves from the mass我们永远不能脱离群众。useparation n.分离，分居，缺口，分隔线The long separation was a test of th
5、eir love.长期分离对他们的爱情是个考验.useparateadj.分开的，不同的，单独的，各自的We dont have a separate dining roomthe living area is all one.我们没有单独的饭厅活动空间都在一处。v.分开，隔开，区分，分居，脱离Even numerous mountains and rivers cannot separate our friendship.纵然是万水千山也隔不断我们的情谊。New words and expressionuprivacy n.隐居，隐私，秘密，私生活They dont want their p
6、rivacy invaded by reporters.他们不想让他们的私生活被记者爆料。uprivate adj.私人的，个人的，私下的，私有的，缄默的 The president is paying a private visit to Europe.总统正在欧洲进行私人访问。We each have our private views about it.我们每个人对这件事都有自己的看法。ulure vt.诱惑，吸引 lure into诱骗.进入(某处).We can lure the owner into leaving the house unlocked so that we can
7、 steal the jewels.我们可以骗得主人不锁门离开家，这样我们就可以偷那些珠宝了。New words and expressionulure away 劝说离开He tried in vain to lure her away from husband and home.他企图诱使她离开丈夫和家庭，结果是枉费心机。ubring someone to the lure 引某人上钩Since John is a womanizer,it is not difficult to bring him to the lure.约翰既然是个好色之徒，引他上钩并不难。uentice v.诱使，引
8、诱 Advertisements are designed to entice people into spending money/to spend money.广告宣传的目的是诱使人花钱。uenticement n.The enticement of the big city lure her away from her home.大城市的种种诱惑吸引了她离家出走。New words and expressionutempt vt.诱惑，怂恿，引诱，吸引 temptationHe was tempted into a life of crime by greed and laziness.
9、他受贪婪和懒惰的驱使步入了罪恶的一生。uattract v.吸引，引来 attractionShe gave a quiet cough to attract my attention.她轻轻地咳了一声好引起我注意。ubait n.饵，引诱 The bait hides the hook.谚饵中必有诈。ufascinate vt.使.入迷，吸引住 Anything to do with old myths and legends fascinates me.任何与上古神话传说有关的东西都会使我着迷。New words and expressionuattract,charm,enchant,f
10、ascinate,tempt,attract:普通用词，指客观上吸引人的注意力。charm:侧重迷住某人或使之高兴。enchant:着重指有能力引起被迷住者的欢乐或赞美。fascinate:通常含使人无法拒绝、无法摆脱的意味。tempt:指吸引力很强，强调欲望被唤醒。urambler n.漫步者，散步者 ramble v.漫步,漫谈 n.CWe went for a ramble through the woods.我们散步穿过树林。uundertaking n.任务，工作，事业，企业He is too timid to venture upon a new undertaking.他太胆小，
11、不敢从事新的事业。New words and expression意思类似于task，job，enterpriseuundertake v.承担，从事，保证，答应We could undertake the work for the time being.我们可暂时承担这项工作。uforesight n.预见，深谋远虑 The couple had the foresight to plan their retirement wisely.他们夫妇很有远见，精心安排了退休后的生活。uforesighted adj.有先见之明的，能预料的，深谋远虑的uprevision n.先见，预感ufars
12、ightedness n.远视眼，远见uprescience n.预知，先见Still he had a strange prescience,an intimation of something yet to come.不过他有一种奇特的预感，感到了某件事情就要发生！New words and expressionuforetell v.预言，预告，预示We cant foretell how the world will end.我们不能预言世界将如何终结。uforecast v&n.预测，预报 The weather forecast says it will be sunny tomo
13、rrow.天气预报说明天是晴天。uforesee He foresaw that his journey would be delayed by bad weather.他预知自己的旅程会被恶劣天气耽搁。upredict v.预言，预报，预知，预测 It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。uanticipate vt.预期，提前使用，抢.前,期待 vi.预言We anticipate hearing from you again.我们期待再接到你们的来信。New words and
14、 expressionuGrenoble n.格勒诺布尔(法国东南部城市)uchasm n.n.分歧，深坑，裂口Suddenly a huge chasm opened in the earth.大地突然裂开，形成一道深坑。There is always a vast chasm between rich and poor.贫富的鸿沟始终存在。ugap n.缺口，裂缝，差距，空白The road goes through a gap in the hills.这条路穿过两条山脉之间的峡谷。uabyss n.深渊，无底洞He has been in the abyss of despair.他已
15、陷入绝望的深渊。New words and expressionugorge n.峡谷，咽喉，大量食物，饱食，阻碍物，厌恶Have you been to the Yangtse Gorges?你去过长江三峡吗？uflaw n.小裂缝,瑕疵，缺陷，破绽，The flaw in this vase makes it less valuable.这个花瓶因为有点缺陷，不那么值钱了。udistinguished adj.杰出的，卓越的，尊敬的 Distinguished guests and friends from the media:Good morning!尊敬的各位来宾，新闻界的朋友们:上午
16、好!udistinguish vt.区别，辨认，使显著 We should distinguish between right and wrong.我们应辨别是非。New words and expressionudistinguish oneself v.使杰出,使扬名 He distinguished himself by his courage.他因英勇而扬名。uEverest n.珠穆朗玛峰Everest is the highest mountain in the world.uwade v.跋涉，涉水Theres no bridge;well have to wade across
17、(the stream).没有桥，我们得渡过(小河)去。uwade into vt.涉入,精神饱满地开始,猛烈攻击，狼吞虎咽地吃He always waded into me whatever I said.不管我说什么，他总是猛烈地抨击我。New words and expressionuwade in vt.涉入,参与 The job has to be done,so lets wade in immediately.这件工作非做不可，咱们说干就干吧。uwade through艰难地通过,费力地作完It took me at least three months to wade thro
18、ugh The Decline of the West.我起玛花了三个月的时间才读完西方文明的衰落。uwaterfall n.瀑布ugear n.工具，装备 We need to sort out our camping gear before we go away.我们需要在离开前把我们野营用的装备准备好。New words and expressionuinflatable adj.可充气的 That is an inflatable rubber boat.那是条可充气的橡皮船。uinflate vt.使膨胀，使得意，使通货膨胀He is inflated with pride.他趾高气
19、扬。uinflation通货膨胀 urubble n.瓦砾，碎石Rubble covered the pavement.人行道上铺了碎石块。uinsistent adj.坚持的，迫切的 He was insistent on walking home.他坚持走回家。New words and expressionupersistent坚持的，连续的，固执的 She eventually married the most persistent one of her admirers.她终于嫁给了最执着追求她的人。uboom v.轰响，促进 n.繁荣Foreign investments boom
20、ed the city.国外投资使这个城市迅速繁荣起来。uwaterspout n.强大的水柱，海龙卷，排水口spout n.喷口，水管，水柱 ucleft n.裂缝，开裂&adj.裂开的，分离的 The climber fell down a cleft in the rocks.爬山者跌入岩石的裂缝里。New words and expressionucleave v.裂开，分开（尤指沿天然纹理），使分开 They cleaved a path through the wilderness.他们在荒原中开辟出一条路。ucavern n.大洞穴 They explored the large
21、 cavern at the base of this cliff.他们勘探了这个悬崖底部的大洞穴。ustalagmite n.石笋ustalactite n.钟乳石 ulimestone n.石灰石We may burn limestone to obtain lime.我们可以通过烧石灰石来得到石灰。New words and expressionuglisten v.闪烁潮湿的物体上所反射的光泽，或是柔弱的光辉The street glistened in the rain.街道在雨水中闪光。ueerie=eery adj.怪诞的，可怕的，奇异的，害怕的Its eerie to walk
22、 through a dark wood at night.夜晚在漆黑的森林中行走很是恐怖。uweird adj.离奇的,古怪的ustrange adj.奇怪的,陌生的uscary adj.可怕的,容易受惊的New words and expressionudome n.圆屋顶，苍穹 They formed the dome with the trees branches.他们用树枝搭成圆屋顶。She looked at the blue dome of the sky.她看著蓝色的苍穹。wprecise adj.精确的，恰好的，准确的，严格的wdescent n.下降wprecaution
23、n.预防，预防措施wimmense adj.巨大的，广大的wtunnel v.挖地道，挖隧道wcourse n.路线wplateau n.高原wspot v.认出New words and expressionwsteep adj.险峻的，陡峭的wcorridor n.走廊wplunge v.使投入，跳入，栽进 wdinghy n.小船，救生艇 wcurrent n.水流wpile n.堆，大量 warc n.弧，弧形物 winstinct n.直觉，本能，天性 warouse v.叫醒，唤醒，激起 wshallow adj.浅的，薄的 课文解析课文解析uCave exploration,as
24、 it has come to be known,isas known 是由从属连词引导的方式状语从句，课文中作插入语，表示“正如人们已经开始知道的那样”。代词it指cave exploration 或 pot-holing.as除可用来引导时间，原因，让步等状语从句外，还可用来引导方式状语从句，表示“正如”之意，如，Wed better leave the things as they are.我们最好让这些东西保持其原来的样子。uPerhaps it is the desires for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected disc
25、overy that lures people本句中it is that结构为强调句式，由其正常结构The desire for solitude or the chance of making an unexpected discovery lures people变化而来。被强调的部分是正常结构中的主语，即the desire for or the chance of,lures 为句子中的谓语动词。这种结构常常被译作“正是”uFor him,caves have the same peculiar fascination which high mountains have for the
26、 climber.for him 对他来说。这里的him泛指洞穴探险者。the same 不仅可以与as,that搭配使用，而且还可以同who,which(较少用),where等搭配使用，均表达“与一样”之意，如，Hes the same man who/that was here yesterday.I was born in the same room where my brother was born.但是，如果后面为省略句，即一个名词或代词（作从句主语）时，通常使用as,如，I read the same book as you.Her hairs the same color as
27、her mothers.课文解析课文解析uIt can take as long as eight days to rig up rope ladders and to establish supply bases before a descent can be made into a very deep cave.as long as eight days 长达8天的时间。这里用asas结构强调所用天数之多。it在句子中为先行词it的使用方法，其后的两个动词不定式短语to rig up 和to establish 为逻辑主语。rig up 临时/草草搭起，架起，如，Some of the s
28、oldiers had rigged up tents for the night.其中一些士兵已经搭起了过夜的帐篷。make a descent into 下降进入,如They made a descent into the mine.他们下了矿井。该句的从句中用的是被动语态结构，即将该短语结构中的宾语a descent 提前作了主语。课文解析课文解析uAs it is only six feet across,as为从属连词，引导一个原因状语从句，即“由于它（指洞口）仅6英尺宽”uthe cave might never have been discovered had not the e
29、ntrance been spotted“might+完成时态”结构用来表示过去可能发生而没有发生的事情，如You were stupid to try climbing up there.You might have killed yourself.使用这一结构时，往往含有批评或责备的意味。这个结构同后面的had not构成虚拟语气结构。had not 为非真实性条件状语从句，省略了if。正常的结构为：if the entrance had not been spotted by 非真实性条件从句中if的省略多用于较正式的文体之中，并且该从句中的主语后通常为were或had,或情态助动词sh
30、ould。省略if的非真实性条件状语从句。需使用倒装结构形式，如：课文解析课文解析Had I realized what you intended I should not have wasted my time trying to explain matters to you.如果我本来了解你的意图，我就不会浪费时间向你作解释了。Should you change your mind,let us know.你如果改变主意就告诉我们。uit has become a sort of pot-holers Everest.句子指Gouffer Berger洞，把它比作Everest是暗喻手法。
31、课文解析课文解析u much of it still remains to be explored.remains to be explored 有待于进一步勘探。句子中的it指Gouffer Berger洞，much of it意即“这个洞中的许多东西”。uThey had to edge their way along this,sometimes wading,or swimmingedge their way 侧身缓缓向前移动。sometimes wading across 与or swimming across为两个现在分词短语，在句子中作方式状语，修饰edge。课文解析课文解析uT
32、hey plunged into the lake,and after loading,let theplunged 和let在句子中并列作谓语。and after loading在句子中作插入语，说明动作let发生的时间。uTo protect themselves from the icy water,they had to protect from 保护 以免 文中To protect themselves from the icy water 为动词不定式，作目的状语。将目的状语的动词不定式置于句首较其置于句后更为正式，语气较重。uAt the far end of the lake,
33、在湖的顶那头/尽头。介词短语，在句子中作地点状语。根据其后所随内容的不同，短语介词at the end of 可表示“在底（时间状语）”，“在结尾（尽头，为地点状语）”和“达 限度（程度状语）”，如，课文解析课文解析They went to Beijing at the end of last year.Youll find an index at the end of this book.She was at the end of her patience.uan insistent booming sound which they found was caused by a small w
34、aterspout shooting downwhich was caused by of the cave 为定语从句，修饰sound。They found 为插入语，对其前面的成分作进一步的追加说明。除find外，常见用于此类插入语的动词还有think,hope,guess,believe,suppose,wonder,see,know等，如，This,I suppose,will give you some idea of our stand on the issue.这个，我想，可以帮助你们对我们在此问题上的立场有所了解。课文解析课文解析The book he lent you,I t
35、hink,was both interesting and instructive.他借给你的那本书我觉得既有趣又有教育意义。uSqueezing through a cleft in the rocks,the size of a huge concert hall.Squeezing the rocks,现在分词短语，在句子中作时间状语，说明动作arrived at 发生的时间。the size of a huge concert hall,同位语，对cavern做进一步的补充说明。课文解析课文解析uAfter switching on powerful are lights,they s
36、aw great stalagmites-some of them over forty feet high-rising up like tree-trunks to meet the stalactites suspended from the roof.switch on 打开,拧开some of feet high 前后用破折号隔开，为插入语，对stalagmites作进一步说明。rising up like roof为现在分词短语，在句子中作宾语stalagmites的补足语。to meetthe roof 动词不定式短语，在句子中作结果状语。suspended the roof,过
37、去分词短语，作定语，修饰stalagmites。like tree-trunks像树干似地。介词短语作状语，修饰rising up.这里使用了比喻词like,为明喻手法。课文解析课文解析uRound about,piles of glistened in all the colours of the rainbow.round about 周围，四周。作地点状语，修饰glisten.in all the colours of the rainbow,直译为“以彩虹中的各种颜色”，意即“像彩虹一样”。uIn the eerie silence of the cavern,in the caver
38、n为状语，提至句首使用，主要是为了使句子结构更为紧凑和对该状语部分进行强调。比较：The only sound that could be heard in the eerie silence of the cavern was made by water which dripped continuously from the high dome above them.课文解析课文解析课后练习部分vMultiple choice questions 多项选择v1.dv2.a v3.bv4.cv5.c v6.b课后练习部分v 7.d v 8.bv 9.cv10.av11.dv12.bHomework:Recite the last part of the article.Composition writing.Dictation of new words and phrases.Thank you!
